{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:18:10Z","timestamp":1775891890813,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum Inf Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-022-03494-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T06:02:49Z","timestamp":1649138569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A novel quantum color image steganography algorithm based on turtle shell and LSB"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Meng-Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Huan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeng-Shyang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"3494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.04.007","volume":"181","author":"H-C Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang, H.-C., Chu, S.-C., Pan, J.-S., Huang, C.-Y., Liao, B.-Y.: Tabu search based multi-watermarks embedding algorithm with multiple description coding. Inf. Sci. 181(16), 3379\u20133396 (2011)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"3494_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2018.2881118","volume":"29","author":"J Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao, J., Li, S., Zhang, X., Wang, Z.: Towards robust image steganography. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 29(2), 594\u2013600 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"3494_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2020.104049","volume":"97","author":"J-S Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan, J.-S., Sun, X.-X., Chu, S.-C., Abraham, A., Yan, B.: Digital watermarking with improved SMS applied for QR code. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 97, 104049 (2021)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"6775","key":"3494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/35005001","volume":"404","author":"CH Bennett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bennett, C.H., DiVincenzo, D.P.: Quantum information and computation. Nature 404(6775), 247\u2013255 (2000)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"3494_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"G-B Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, G.-B., Jiang, D.-H.: Novel methods to construct nonlocal sets of orthogonal product states in an arbitrary bipartite high-dimensional system. Quantum Inf. Process. 20(4), 1\u201338 (2021)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3494_CR6","unstructured":"Beach, G., Lomont, C., Cohen, C.: Quantum image processing (quip). In: 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2003. Proceedings, pp. 39\u201344. IEEE (2003)"},{"key":"3494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venegas-Andraca, S.E., Bose, S.: Storing, processing, and retrieving an image using quantum mechanics. In: Proceedings of SPIE Conference of Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 5105, pp. 137\u2013147 (2003)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.485960"},{"key":"3494_CR8","unstructured":"Latorre, J.I.: Image compression and entanglement. arXiv preprint arxiv: quant-ph\/0510031 (2005)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-010-0177-y","volume":"10","author":"PQ Le","year":"2011","unstructured":"Le, P.Q., Dong, F., Hirota, K.: A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression, and processing operations. Quantum Inf. Process. 10(1), 63\u201384 (2011)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"3494_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-013-0567-z","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Gao, Y., Wang, M.: NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(8), 2833\u20132860 (2013)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"3494_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-016-1463-0","volume":"16","author":"J Sang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sang, J., Wang, S., Li, Q.: A novel quantum representation of color digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(2), 1\u201314 (2017)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3494_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, B., Iliyasu, A., Yan, F., Dong, F., Hirota, K.: An RGB multi-channel representation for images on quantum computers. J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inf. 17(3) (2013)","DOI":"10.20965\/jaciii.2013.p0404"},{"issue":"8","key":"3494_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-017-3403-x","volume":"56","author":"S Yuan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Mao, X., Zhou, J., Wang, X.: Quantum image filtering in the spatial domain. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(8), 2495\u20132511 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"3494_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-017-3614-1","volume":"57","author":"S Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Lu, Y., Mao, X., Luo, Y., Yuan, J.: Improved quantum image filtering in the spatial domain. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(3), 804\u2013813 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"3494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-017-3593-2","volume":"57","author":"N Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Lu, X., Hu, H., Dang, Y., Cai, Y.: A novel quantum image compression method based on JPEG. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(3), 611\u2013636 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"3494_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-018-3810-7","volume":"57","author":"X-Z Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, X.-Z., Chen, W.-W., Wang, Y.-Q.: Quantum image compression-encryption scheme based on quantum discrete cosine transform. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(9), 2904\u20132919 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"3494_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-014-0841-8","volume":"14","author":"N Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Wang, L.: Quantum image scaling using nearest neighbor interpolation. Quantum Inf. Process. 14(5), 1559\u20131571 (2015)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, R.-G., Wan, C.: Quantum image scaling based on bilinear interpolation with decimals scaling ratio. Int. J. Theor. Phys., 1\u201330 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-021-04829-6"},{"issue":"03","key":"3494_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850021","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219749918500211","volume":"16","author":"R-G Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, R.-G., Hu, W., Fan, P., Luo, G.: Quantum color image watermarking based on Arnold transformation and LSB steganography. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 16(03), 1850021 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Inf."},{"issue":"1","key":"3494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-018-2138-9","volume":"18","author":"W Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, W., Zhou, R.-G., Luo, J., Liu, B.: LSBs-based quantum color images watermarking algorithm in edge region. Quantum Inf. Process. 18(1), 1\u201327 (2019)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"3494_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-019-04104-9","volume":"58","author":"W Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, W., Zhou, R.-G., Li, Y.: Quantum watermarking based on neighbor mean interpolation and LSB steganography algorithms. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58(7), 2134\u20132157 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"3494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-014-2294-3","volume":"54","author":"N Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Wang, L.: A novel strategy for quantum image steganography based on Moir\u00e9 pattern. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54(3), 1021\u20131032 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"3494_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-015-2640-0","volume":"55","author":"N Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Zhao, N., Wang, L.: LSB based quantum image steganography algorithm. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(1), 107\u2013123 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"05","key":"3494_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750039","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219749917500393","volume":"15","author":"S Heidari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidari, S., Pourarian, M.R., Gheibi, R., Naseri, M., Houshmand, M.: Quantum red-green-blue image steganography. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 15(05), 1750039 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Inf."},{"issue":"10","key":"3494_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-017-1694-8","volume":"16","author":"S Heidari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidari, S., Farzadnia, E.: A novel quantum LSB-based steganography method using the Gray code for colored quantum images. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(10), 1\u201328 (2017)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"3494_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-018-3710-x","volume":"57","author":"R-G Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, R.-G., Luo, J., Liu, X., Zhu, C., Wei, L., Zhang, X.: A novel quantum image steganography scheme based on LSB. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(6), 1848\u20131863 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"3494_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6476-5","volume":"78","author":"Z Qu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qu, Z., Cheng, Z., Liu, W., Wang, X.: A novel quantum image steganography algorithm based on exploiting modification direction. Multimedia Tools Appl. 78(7), 7981\u20138001 (2019)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"5","key":"3494_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-020-02641-5","volume":"19","author":"W-W Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, W.-W., Zhou, R.-G., Liu, X.-A., Luo, J., Luo, G.-F.: Quantum image steganography algorithm based on modified exploiting modification direction embedding. Quantum Inf. Process. 19(5), 1\u201328 (2020)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"02","key":"3494_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850020","DOI":"10.1142\/S021974991850020X","volume":"16","author":"P Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, P., Liu, X.: A novel quantum steganography scheme for color images. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 16(02), 1850020 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Inf."},{"issue":"5","key":"3494_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-018-3678-6","volume":"57","author":"P Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, P., Lu, A.: LSB-based steganography using reflected gray code for color quantum images. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57(5), 1516\u20131548 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"3494_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, H., Li, P.: Quantum steganography based on reflected gray code for color images. Intell. Decis. Technol. (Preprint), 1\u201322 (2020)","DOI":"10.3233\/idt--1-idt190034"},{"key":"3494_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, C.C., Liu, Y., Nguyen, T.S.: A novel turtle shell based scheme for data hiding. In: 2014 Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, pp. 89\u201393. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/IIH-MSP.2014.29"},{"key":"3494_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van\u00a0Schyndel, R.G., Tirkel, A.Z., Osborne, C.F.: A digital watermark. In: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 2, pp. 86\u201390. IEEE (1994)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1994.413536"},{"issue":"9","key":"3494_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-017-1640-9","volume":"16","author":"R-G Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou, R.-G., Hu, W., Fan, P.: Quantum watermarking scheme through Arnold scrambling and LSB steganography. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(9), 1\u201321 (2017)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"3494_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.52.3457","volume":"52","author":"A Barenco","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barenco, A., Bennett, C.H., Cleve, R., DiVincenzo, D.P., Margolus, N., Shor, P., Sleator, T., Smolin, J.A., Weinfurter, H.: Elementary gates for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. A 52(5), 3457 (1995)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"3494_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, M.A., Chuang, I.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. American Association of Physics Teachers (2002)","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1463744"},{"issue":"2","key":"3494_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-021-02991-8","volume":"20","author":"Z Qu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qu, Z., Sun, H., Zheng, M.: An efficient quantum image steganography protocol based on improved EMD algorithm. Quantum Inf. Process. 20(2), 1\u201329 (2021)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"3494_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-021-04891-0","volume":"60","author":"S Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Yan, F., Chen, K., Yang, H.: Interpolation-based high capacity quantum image steganography. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 60(10), 3722\u20133743 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"3494_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-016-1260-9","volume":"15","author":"S Miyake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyake, S., Nakamae, K.: A quantum watermarking scheme using simple and small-scale quantum circuits. Quantum Inf. Process. 15(5), 1849\u20131864 (2016)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3494_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2017.03.091","volume":"139","author":"M Naseri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naseri, M., Heidari, S., Baghfalaki, M., Gheibi, R., Batle, J., Farouk, A., Habibi, A., et al.: A new secure quantum watermarking scheme. Optik 139, 77\u201386 (2017)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"2","key":"3494_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-018-2165-6","volume":"18","author":"G Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo, G., Zhou, R.-G., Luo, J., Hu, W., Zhou, Y., Ian, H.: Adaptive LSB quantum watermarking method using tri-way pixel value differencing. Quantum Inf. Process. 18(2), 1\u201320 (2019)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."}],"container-title":["Quantum Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-022-03494-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11128-022-03494-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-022-03494-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T15:54:35Z","timestamp":1726934075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11128-022-03494-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11128-022-03494-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-1332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-1332","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"148"}}