{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:07:09Z","timestamp":1783541229804,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Nos.61772295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos.61772295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MF049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MF049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019YQ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019YQ01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013143","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR202108020011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR202108020011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum Inf Process"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-023-03964-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T12:02:18Z","timestamp":1684929738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An improved quantum watermarking using quantum Haar wavelet transform and Qsobel edge detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongyi","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"3964_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730001","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219749917300017","volume":"15","author":"F Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan, F., Iliyasu, A.M., Le, P.Q.: Quantum image processing: a review of advances in its security technologies. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 15(03), 1730001 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Inf."},{"issue":"4","key":"3964_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1049\/cje.2018.02.012","volume":"27","author":"Y Cai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cai, Y., Lu, X., Jiang, N.: A survey on quantum image processing. Chin. J. Electron. 27(4), 718\u2013727 (2018)","journal-title":"Chin. J. Electron."},{"issue":"8","key":"3964_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-020-02723-4","volume":"19","author":"H Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, H., He, Z., Xu, P., et al.: A Quantum Richardson\u2013Lucy image restoration algorithm based on controlled rotation operation and Hamiltonian evolution. Quantum Inf. Process. 19(8), 1\u201314 (2020)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"9","key":"3964_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12508","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.386283","volume":"28","author":"P Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, P., He, Z., Qiu, T., et al.: Quantum image processing algorithm using edge extraction based on Kirsch operator. Opt. Express 28(9), 12508\u201312517 (2020)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"3964_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gan, W.S.: Quantum image processing. In: Quantum Acoustical Imaging, pp. 83\u201386. Springer, Singapore (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-0983-2_13"},{"issue":"11","key":"3964_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-020-04611-0","volume":"59","author":"F Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, F., Zhang, X., Xu, P.A., et al.: A quantum dialogue protocol in discrete-time quantum walk based on hyperentangled states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 59(11), 3491\u20133507 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"3964_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.3390\/app10061935","volume":"10","author":"J Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Zhang, W., Ma, Y., et al.: Development of quantum private queries protocol on collective-dephasing noise channel. Appl. Sci. 10(6), 1935 (2020)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"3964_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-010-0177-y","volume":"10","author":"PQ Le","year":"2011","unstructured":"Le, P.Q., Dong, F., Hirota, K.: A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression, and processing operations. Quantum Inf. Process. 10(1), 63\u201384 (2011)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"3964_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-013-0567-z","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Gao, Y., et al.: NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(8), 2833\u20132860 (2013)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"3964_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-015-1195-6","volume":"15","author":"F Yan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan, F., Iliyasu, A.M., Venegas-Andraca, S.E.: A survey of quantum image representations. Quantum Inf. Process. 15(1), 1\u201335 (2016)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"3964_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93471-7","volume":"11","author":"J Su","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su, J., Guo, X., Liu, C., et al.: An improved novel quantum image representation and its experimental test on IBM quantum experience. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 1\u201313 (2021)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"23","key":"3964_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.05.063","volume":"124","author":"S Yuan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Mao, X., Chen, L., et al.: Quantum digital image processing algorithms based on quantum measurement. Optik 124(23), 6386\u20136390 (2013)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"3","key":"3964_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-013-4866-x","volume":"57","author":"BQ Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu, B.Q., Huang, X.D., Zhou, R.G., et al.: A theoretical framework for quantum image representation and data loading scheme. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 57(3), 1\u201311 (2014)","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"3964_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-016-1463-0","volume":"16","author":"J Sang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sang, J., Wang, S., Li, Q.: A novel quantum representation of color digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(2), 1\u201314 (2017)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3964_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62396","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2871691","volume":"6","author":"HS Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, H.S., Chen, X., Xia, H., et al.: A quantum image representation based on bitplanes. IEEE Access 6, 62396\u201362404 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3964_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214520","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3039996","volume":"8","author":"J Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su, J., Guo, X., Liu, C., et al.: A new trend of quantum image representations. IEEE Access 8, 214520\u2013214537 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"3964_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-022-03530-9","volume":"21","author":"S Iranmanesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iranmanesh, S., Atta, R., Ghanbari, M.: Implementation of a quantum image watermarking scheme using NEQR on IBM quantum experience. Quantum Inf. Process. 21(6), 1\u201340 (2022)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"3964_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8025","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.008025","volume":"21","author":"A Alfalou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alfalou, A., Brosseau, C., Abdallah, N., et al.: Assessing the performance of a method of simultaneous compression and encryption of multiple images and its resistance against various attacks. Opt. Express 21(7), 8025\u20138043 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"6","key":"3964_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.58.001408","volume":"58","author":"P Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Nishchal, N.K.: Enhanced exclusive-OR and quick response code-based image encryption through incoherent illumination. Appl. Opt. 58(6), 1408\u20131412 (2019)","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"issue":"18","key":"3964_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28338","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.431945","volume":"29","author":"Y Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Li, N., Zhang, W., et al.: Image encryption scheme based on alternate quantum walks and discrete cosine transform. Opt. Express 29(18), 28338\u201328351 (2021)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"5","key":"3964_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-016-1260-9","volume":"15","author":"S Miyake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyake, S., Nakamae, K.: A quantum watermarking scheme using simple and small-scale quantum circuits. Quantum Inf. Process. 15(5), 1849\u20131864 (2016)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"3964_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-016-3046-3","volume":"55","author":"S Heidari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heidari, S., Naseri, M.: A novel LSB based quantum watermarking. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55(10), 4205\u20134218 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"3964_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2017.03.091","volume":"139","author":"M Naseri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naseri, M., Heidari, S., Baghfalaki, M., et al.: A new secure quantum watermarking scheme. Optik 139, 77\u201386 (2017)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"6","key":"3964_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1088\/0253-6102\/67\/6\/732","volume":"67","author":"S Heidari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heidari, S., Naseri, M., Gheibi, R., et al.: A new quantum watermarking based on quantum wavelet transforms. Commun. Theor. Phys. 67(6), 732 (2017)","journal-title":"Commun. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"3964_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-012-1354-9","volume":"52","author":"WW Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, W.W., Gao, F., Liu, B., et al.: A quantum watermark protocol. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52(2), 504\u2013513 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"3964_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-013-0629-2","volume":"12","author":"XH Song","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song, X.H., Wang, S., Liu, S., et al.: A dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images using quantum wavelet transform. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(12), 3689\u20133706 (2013)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"3964_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-017-1577-z","volume":"16","author":"P Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, P., Zhao, Y., Xiao, H., et al.: An improved quantum watermarking scheme using small-scale quantum circuits and color scrambling. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(5), 1\u201334 (2017)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"9","key":"3964_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-017-1640-9","volume":"16","author":"RG Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou, R.G., Hu, W., Fan, P.: Quantum watermarking scheme through Arnold scrambling and LSB steganography. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(9), 1\u201321 (2017)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3964_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nanmaran, R., Nagarajan, S., Sindhuja, R., et al.: Wavelet transform based multiple image watermarking technique. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, Vol. 993, No 1, p. 012167 (2020)","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/993\/1\/012167"},{"key":"3964_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121303","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2937390","volume":"7","author":"WW Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, W.W., Zhou, R.G., El-Rafei, A., et al.: Quantum image watermarking algorithm based on Haar wavelet transform. IEEE Access 7, 121303\u2013121320 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3964_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fijany, A., Williams, CP.: Quantum wavelet transforms: fast algorithms and complete circuits. In: NASA International Conference on Quantum Computing and Quantum Communications, 10-33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1998)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49208-9_2"},{"key":"3964_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.07.057","volume":"504","author":"HS Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, H.S., Fan, P., Xia, H., et al.: Quantum multi-level wavelet transforms. Inf. Sci. 504, 113\u2013135 (2019)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"3964_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-018-2112-6","volume":"18","author":"P Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan, P., Zhou, R.G., Hu, W., et al.: Quantum image edge extraction based on classical Sobel operator for NEQR. Quantum Inf. Process. 18(1), 1\u201323 (2019)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"3964_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210277","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3038891","volume":"8","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Ma, H., Chu, P.: Demonstration of quantum image edge extration enhancement through improved Sobel operator. IEEE Access 8, 210277\u2013210285 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"3964_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-020-02944-7","volume":"20","author":"R Chetia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chetia, R., Boruah, S.M.B., Sahu, P.P.: Quantum image edge detection using improved Sobel mask based on NEQR. Quantum Inf. Process. 20(1), 1\u201325 (2021)","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"3964_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09677-w","volume":"80","author":"LH Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong, L.H., Tian, C., Zou, W.P., et al.: Robust and imperceptible watermarking scheme based on Canny edge detection and SVD in the contourlet domain. Multimed. Tools Appl. 80(1), 439\u2013461 (2021)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"7","key":"3964_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-019-04108-5","volume":"58","author":"A Taheri Monfared","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taheri Monfared, A., Haghparast, M., Datta, K.: Quaternary quantum\/reversible half-adder, full-adder, parallel adder and parallel adder\/subtractor circuits. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58(7), 2184\u20132199 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"3964_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-017-3512-6","volume":"56","author":"Z Qu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qu, Z., Cheng, Z., Luo, M., et al.: A robust quantum watermark algorithm based on quantum log-polar images. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56(11), 3460\u20133476 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"issue":"03","key":"3964_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850021","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219749918500211","volume":"16","author":"RG Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, R.G., Hu, W., Fan, P., et al.: Quantum color image watermarking based on Arnold transformation and LSB steganography. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 16(03), 1850021 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Inf."}],"container-title":["Quantum Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-023-03964-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11128-023-03964-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-023-03964-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T15:20:43Z","timestamp":1686410443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11128-023-03964-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11128-023-03964-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-1332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-1332","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"223"}}