{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:09:30Z","timestamp":1782742170598,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum Inf Process"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-024-04285-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T06:02:31Z","timestamp":1709272951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A QTCP\/IP reference model for partially trusted-node-based quantum-key-distribution-secured optical networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Shirichian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Sabbaghi-Nadooshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Houshmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monireh","family":"Houshmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7614","key":"4285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18648","volume":"536","author":"S Debnath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Debnath, S., Linke, N.M., Figgatt, C., Landsman, K.A., Wright, K., Monroe, C.: Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits. Nature 536(7614), 63\u201366 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature18648","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"4285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-qtc.2020.0002","volume":"1","author":"D Cuomo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cuomo, D., Caleffi, M., Cacciapuoti, A.S.: Towards a distributed quantum computing ecosystem. IET Quantum Commun. 1(1), 3\u20138 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-qtc.2020.0002","journal-title":"IET Quantum Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"4285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.661","volume":"67","author":"AK Ekert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ekert, A.K.: Quantum cryptography based on Bell\u2019s theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67(6), 661 (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.661","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"4285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01969722.2023.2166261","author":"S Subramani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Subramani, S., Svn, S.K.: Review of security methods based on classical cryptography and quantum cryptography. Cybern. Syst. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01969722.2023.2166261","journal-title":"Cybern. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"4285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100116","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.202100116","volume":"533","author":"D Casta\u00f1eda Valle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda Valle, D., Quezada, L.F., Dong, S.-H.: Bell-GHZ measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Ann. Phys. 533(9), 2100116 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/andp.202100116","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"4285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000126","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.202000126","volume":"532","author":"LF Quezada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quezada, L.F., Dong, S.-H.: Quantum key-distribution protocols based on a quantum version of the Monty Hall game. Ann. Phys. 532(6), 2000126 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/andp.202000126","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"4285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3106659","volume":"2","author":"P Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma, P., Agrawal, A., Bhatia, V., Prakash, S., Mishra, A.K.: Quantum key distribution secured optical networks: a survey. IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. 2, 2049\u20132083 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3106659","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"4285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.025002","volume":"92","author":"F Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu, F., Ma, X., Zhang, Q., Lo, H.-K., Pan, J.-W.: Secure quantum key distribution with realistic devices. Rev. Mod. Phys. 92(2), 025002 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.025002","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"4285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3402192","volume":"53","author":"M Mehic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehic, M., Niemiec, M., Rass, S., Ma, J., Peev, M., Aguado, A., Martin, V., Schauer, S., Poppe, A., Pacher, C., et al.: Quantum key distribution: a networking perspective. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 53(5), 1\u201341 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3402192","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.quant-ph\/0703255","volume":"1","author":"N Gisin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gisin, N., Thew, R.: Quantum communication. Nat. Photonics 1(3), 165\u2013171 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.quant-ph\/0703255","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3144219","volume":"24","author":"Y Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., Ng, S.X., Hanzo, L.: The evolution of quantum key distribution networks: on the road to the Qinternet. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24(2), 839\u2013894 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2022.3144219","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"4285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2022.3153992","author":"X Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, X., Liu, Y., Zou, X., Cao, Y., Zhao, Y., Nag, A., Zhang, J.: Secret-key provisioning with collaborative routing in partially-trusted-relay-based quantum-key-distribution-secured optical networks. J. Lightwave Technol. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2022.3153992","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"4285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1701375","volume":"57","author":"Y Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Yu, X., Ma, Z., Zhang, J.: KaaS: key as a service over quantum key distribution integrated optical networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 57(5), 152\u2013159 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1701375","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"1","key":"4285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-019-0269-7","volume":"3","author":"GB Xavier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xavier, G.B., Lima, G.: Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres. Commun. Phys. 3(1), 1\u201311 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42005-019-0269-7","journal-title":"Commun. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"4285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2007.03377","volume":"13","author":"P Wright","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wright, P., White, C., Parker, R.C., Pegon, J.-S., Menchetti, M., Pearse, J., Bahrami, A., Moroz, A., Wonfor, A., Penty, R.V., et al.: 5G network slicing with QKD and quantum-safe security. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 13(3), 33\u201340 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2007.03377","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"9","key":"4285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3064641","volume":"39","author":"EE Moghaddam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moghaddam, E.E., Beyranvand, H., Salehi, J.A.: Resource allocation in space division multiplexed elastic optical networks secured with quantum key distribution. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 39(9), 2688\u20132700 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3064641","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"4285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"07500","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2009.OThL2","volume":"11","author":"M Peev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peev, M., Pacher, C., All\u00e9aume, R., Barreiro, C., Bouda, J., Boxleitner, W., Debuisschert, T., Diamanti, E., Dianati, M., Dynes, J., et al.: The SECOQC quantum key distribution network in Vienna. New J. Phys. 11(7), 07500 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OFC.2009.OThL2","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"issue":"02","key":"4285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.0804.0122","volume":"6","author":"A Poppe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poppe, A., Peev, M., Maurhart, O.: Outline of the SECOQC quantum-key-distribution network in Vienna. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 6(02), 209\u2013218 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.0804.0122","journal-title":"Int. J. Quantum Inf."},{"key":"4285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dianati, M., All\u00e9aume, R.: Transport layer protocols for the SECOQC quantum key distribution (QKD) network. In: 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2007), pp. 1025\u20131034. IEEE (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCN.2007.107","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2007.107"},{"key":"4285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen, H., Han, Z., Hong, P., Guo, G.: Quantum key distribution networks layer model. In: Quantum Optics, Optical Data Storage, and Advanced Microlithography, vol. 6827, pp. 140\u2013146. SPIE (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.756090","DOI":"10.1117\/12.756090"},{"issue":"12","key":"4285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1203.4940","volume":"13","author":"D Stucki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stucki, D., Legre, M., Buntschu, F., Clausen, B., Felber, N., Gisin, N., Henzen, L., Junod, P., Litzistorf, G., Monbaron, P., et al.: Long-term performance of the SwissQuantum quantum key distribution network in a field environment. New J. Phys. 13(12), 123001 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1203.4940","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"4285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2009.2032664","volume":"15","author":"W Maeda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maeda, W., Tanaka, A., Takahashi, S., Tajima, A., Tomita, A.: Technologies for quantum key distribution networks integrated with optical communication networks. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1591\u20131601 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSTQE.2009.2032664","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"issue":"11","key":"4285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10387","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.010387","volume":"19","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sasaki, M., Fujiwara, M., Ishizuka, H., Klaus, W., Wakui, K., Takeoka, M., Miki, S., Yamashita, T., Wang, Z., Tanaka, A., et al.: Field test of quantum key distribution in the Tokyo QKD network. Opt. Express 19(11), 10387\u201310409 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.19.010387","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"13","key":"4285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14030","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1201.3744","volume":"20","author":"P Jouguet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jouguet, P., Kunz-Jacques, S., Debuisschert, T., Fossier, S., Diamanti, E., All\u00e9aume, R., Tualle-Brouri, R., Grangier, P., Leverrier, A., Pache, P., et al.: Field test of classical symmetric encryption with continuous variables quantum key distribution. Opt. Express 20(13), 14030\u201314041 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1201.3744","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"10","key":"4285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10773-013-1862-2","volume":"53","author":"D Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, D., Yu, W., Zhao, B., Wu, C.: Quantum key distribution in large scale quantum network assisted by classical routing information. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(10), 3503\u20133511 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10773-013-1862-2","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"4285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.15.0114.0883","author":"M Pattaranantakul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pattaranantakul, M., Sanguannam, K., Sangwongngam, P., Vorakulpipat, C.: Efficient key management protocol for secure RTMP video streaming toward trusted quantum network. Wiley Online Library (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4218\/etrij.15.0114.0883","journal-title":"Wiley Online Library"},{"issue":"3","key":"4285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-9565\/aa7154","volume":"2","author":"A Tajima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tajima, A., Kondoh, T., Ochi, T., Fujiwara, M., Yoshino, K., Iizuka, H., Sakamoto, T., Tomita, A., Shimamura, E., Asami, S., et al.: Quantum key distribution network for multiple applications. Quantum Sci. Technol. 2(3), 034003 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2058-9565\/aa7154","journal-title":"Quantum Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"4285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26453","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.026453","volume":"25","author":"Y Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Zhao, Y., Colman-Meixner, C., Yu, X., Zhang, J.: Key on demand (KoD) for software-defined optical networks secured by quantum key distribution (QKD). Opt. Express 25(22), 26453\u201326467 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.25.026453","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"11","key":"4285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.9.000995","volume":"9","author":"Y Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Zhao, Y., Yu, X., Wu, Y.: Resource assignment strategy in optical networks integrated with quantum key distribution. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(11), 995\u20131004 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.9.000995","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"8","key":"4285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700656","volume":"56","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Cao, Y., Wang, W., Wang, H., Yu, X., Zhang, J., Tornatore, M., Wu, Y., Mukherjee, B.: Resource allocation in optical networks secured by quantum key distribution. IEEE Commun. Mag. 56(8), 130\u2013137 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700656","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"4285_CR31","unstructured":"Y.3800, I.-T.P.R.Y.S.: Overview on networks supporting quantum key distribution. figshare (2019). https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-Y.3800\/en"},{"key":"4285_CR32","unstructured":"Y.3801, I.-T.P.R.Y.S.: Functional requirements for quantum key distribution networks. figshare (2020). https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-Y.3801\/en"},{"key":"4285_CR33","unstructured":"Y.3802, I.-T.P.R.Y.S.: Quantum key distribution networks\u2014functional architecture. figshare (2020). https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-Y.3802\/en"},{"key":"4285_CR34","unstructured":"Y.3803, I.-T.P.R.Y.S.: Quantum key distribution networks\u2014key management. figshare (2020). https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-Y.3803\/en"},{"key":"4285_CR35","unstructured":"Y.3804, I.-T.P.R.Y.S.: Quantum key distribution networks\u2014control and management. figshare (2020). https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-Y.3804\/en"},{"key":"4285_CR36","unstructured":"Y.3805, I.-T.P.R.Y.S.: Quantum key distribution networks\u2014software-defined networking control. figshare (2021). https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-Y.3805\/en"},{"key":"4285_CR37","unstructured":"Institute, E.Q.K.D.E.T.S.: Standardization of quantum key distribution and the ETSI standardization initiative ISG-QKD. figshare (2021). https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/technologies\/quantum-key-distribution"},{"key":"4285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420026603.ch4","volume-title":"Quantum Communications and Cryptography","author":"C Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott, C.: The DARPA quantum network. In: Sergienko, A.V. (ed.) Quantum Communications and Cryptography, pp. 91\u2013110. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781420026603.ch4"},{"issue":"18","key":"4285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21739","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.021739","volume":"22","author":"S Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, S., Chen, W., Yin, Z.-Q., Li, H.-W., He, D.-Y., Li, Y.-H., Zhou, Z., Song, X.-T., Li, F.-Y., Wang, D., et al.: Field and long-term demonstration of a wide area quantum key distribution network. Opt. Express 22(18), 21739\u201321756 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.22.021739","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"11","key":"4285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2016.7607012","volume":"53","author":"R Courtland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Courtland, R.: China\u2019s 2,000-km quantum link is almost complete [news]. IEEE Spectr. 53(11), 11\u201312 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MSPEC.2016.7607012","journal-title":"IEEE Spectr."},{"key":"4285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Travagnin, M., Lewis, A.: Quantum key distribution in-field implementations. Publications Office of the European Union (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2760\/38407","DOI":"10.2760\/38407"},{"issue":"1","key":"4285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.13","volume":"1","author":"M Dianati","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dianati, M., All\u00e9aume, R., Gagnaire, M., Shen, X.: Architecture and protocols of the future European quantum key distribution network. Secur. Commun. Netw. 1(1), 57\u201374 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sec.13","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"4285_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Cao, X., Lin, X., Gu, W.: The first single-link exact model for performance analysis of flexible grid WDM networks. In: National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. Optica Publishing Group, pp. 2\u201368 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/NFOEC.2013.JW2A.68","DOI":"10.1364\/NFOEC.2013.JW2A.68"},{"key":"4285_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2021.102486","volume":"63","author":"X Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, X., Wang, Y., Lu, L., Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.: Von embedding in elastic optical networks (EON) integrated with quantum key distribution (QKD). Opt. Fiber Technol. 63, 102486 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yofte.2021.102486","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"4285_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2020.102327","volume":"59","author":"MS Aboomasoudi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aboomasoudi, M.S., Avokh, A.: Improving acceptance rate of QoS-guaranteed point-to-multipoint traffic flows in elastic optical networks. Opt. Fiber Technol. 59, 102327 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yofte.2020.102327","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"4285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92091","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1309.6431","volume":"7","author":"C Cai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cai, C., Sun, Y., Niu, J., Ji, Y.: A quantum access network suitable for internetworking optical network units. IEEE Access 7, 92091\u201392099 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1309.6431","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4285_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toliver, P., Runser, R., Chapuran, T., Goodman, M., Jackel, J., McNown, S., Hughes, R., Peterson, C., McCabe, K., Nordholt, J., et al.: Demonstration of 1550 nm QKD with ROADM-based DWDM networking and the impact of fiber FWM. In: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optical Society of America, p. 1 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CLEO.2007.4452689","DOI":"10.1109\/CLEO.2007.4452689"},{"issue":"1","key":"4285_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1701.08270","volume":"8","author":"S Bahrani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bahrani, S., Razavi, M., Salehi, J.A.: Wavelength assignment in hybrid quantum-classical networks. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1\u201313 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1701.08270","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"4285_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-019-0269-7","volume":"3","author":"GB Xavier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xavier, G.B., Lima, G.: Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres. Commun. Phys. 3(1), 1\u201311 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42005-019-0269-7","journal-title":"Commun. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"4285_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4913483","volume":"106","author":"L-J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, L.-J., Chen, L.-K., Ju, L., Xu, M.-L., Zhao, Y., Chen, K., Chen, Z.-B., Chen, T.-Y., Pan, J.-W.: Experimental multiplexing of quantum key distribution with classical optical communication. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106(8), 081108 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4913483","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"4285_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-021-03246-2","author":"L-Q Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, L.-Q., Zhao, M.-N., Yu, K.-L., Tu, T.-Y., Zhao, Y.-L., Wang, Y.-C.: ADA-QKDN: a new quantum key distribution network routing scheme based on application demand adaptation. Quantum Inf. Process. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11128-021-03246-2","journal-title":"Quantum Inf. Process."},{"key":"4285_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kent, S., Atkinson, R.: RFC2401: security architecture for the internet protocol. RFC Editor (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17487\/RFC2401","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC2401"},{"issue":"1","key":"4285_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/4\/1\/346","volume":"4","author":"C Elliott","year":"2002","unstructured":"Elliott, C.: Building the quantum network. New J. Phys. 4(1), 46 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1367-2630\/4\/1\/346","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"4285_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shirichian, M., Tofighi, S.: Protocol for routing entanglement in the quantum ring network. In: 2018 9th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST), pp. 658\u2013663. IEEE (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISTEL.2018.8661126","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTEL.2018.8661126"},{"issue":"2","key":"4285_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.quant-ph\/9512032","volume":"54","author":"AR Calderbank","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calderbank, A.R., Shor, P.W.: Good quantum error-correcting codes exist. Phys. Rev. A 54(2), 1098 (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.quant-ph\/9512032","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"4285_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1907.11157","volume":"60","author":"J Roffe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roffe, J.: Quantum error correction: an introductory guide. Contemp. Phys. 60(3), 226\u2013245 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1907.11157","journal-title":"Contemp. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"4285_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.quant-ph\/9604024","volume":"54","author":"CH Bennett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bennett, C.H., DiVincenzo, D.P., Smolin, J.A., Wootters, W.K.: Mixed-state entanglement and quantum error correction. Phys. Rev. A 54(5), 3824 (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.quant-ph\/9604024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"}],"container-title":["Quantum Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04285-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04285-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04285-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T19:05:13Z","timestamp":1712603113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04285-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04285-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-1332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-1332","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"87"}}