{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:05:34Z","timestamp":1780722334615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government","award":["(NRF-2021R1A2C1003121)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(NRF-2021R1A2C1003121)"]}]},{"name":"Young Backbone Teachers Project of Yangzhou University"},{"name":"Yangzhou University Graduate International Academic Exchange Fund Project","award":["(YZUF2022203)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(YZUF2022203)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012154","name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(SJCX22_1711)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(SJCX22_1711)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quantum Inf Process"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-024-04371-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T08:02:11Z","timestamp":1713859331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of adaptive reconciliation protocols for CV-QKD using systematic polar codes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3664-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thara","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.057902","volume":"88","author":"F Grosshans","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grosshans, F., Grangier, P.: Continuous variable quantum cryptography using coherent states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88(5), 057902 (2002)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"4371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milicevic, M., Feng, C., Zhang, L.M., Gulak, P.G.: Key reconciliation with low-density parity-check codes for long-distance quantum cryptography. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.07740 (2017)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-018-0070-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"4371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.103.032603","volume":"103","author":"Y Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Wang, Y.J., Qiu, R., Zhang, K., Ge, H., Shan, Z., Jiang, X.Q.: Virtual channel of multidimensional reconciliation in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 103(3), 032603 (2021)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"4371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28703-4","volume":"8","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, S., Guo, H.: High speed error correction for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with multi-edge type ldpc code. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 10543 (2018)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"4371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.81.062343","volume":"81","author":"A Leverrier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leverrier, A., Grosshans, F., Grangier, P.: Finite-size analysis of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 81(6), 062343 (2010)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"8","key":"4371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-022-3656-4","volume":"66","author":"Y Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Qiu, R., Zhang, K., Jiang, X.Q., Zhang, M., Huang, P., Zeng, G.: Secret key rate of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with finite codeword length. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 66(8), 180511 (2023)","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"4371_CR7","unstructured":"Elkouss, D., Martinez-Mateo, J., Martin, V.: Information reconciliation for quantum key distribution. arXiv preprint arXiv:1007.1616 (2010)"},{"key":"4371_CR8","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, Y.C., Li, Z., Xu, B., Yu, S., Guo, H.: Efficient rate-adaptive reconciliation for continuous-variable quantum key distribution. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.04916 (2017)"},{"key":"4371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Mateo, J., Elkouss, D., Martin, V.: Blind reconciliation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1205.5729 (2012)","DOI":"10.26421\/QIC12.9-10-5"},{"key":"4371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkouss, D., Mart\u00ednez-Mateo, J., Martin, V.: Secure rate-adaptive reconciliation. In: 2010 International Symposium On Information Theory and its Applications, pp. 179\u2013184. IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISITA.2010.5650099"},{"issue":"4","key":"4371_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.87.042334","volume":"87","author":"D Elkouss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elkouss, D., Martinez-Mateo, J., Martin, V.: Analysis of a rate-adaptive reconciliation protocol and the effect of leakage on the secret key rate. Phys. Rev. A 87(4), 042334 (2013)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"7","key":"4371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2009.2021379","volume":"55","author":"E Arikan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arikan, E.: Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacity-achieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 55(7), 3051\u20133073 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"4371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.19.044023","volume":"19","author":"Z Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, Z., Chen, X., Chai, G., Liang, K., Yuan, Y.: Rate-adaptive polar-coding-based reconciliation for continuous-variable quantum key distribution at low signal-to-noise ratio. Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 044023 (2023)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"4371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-022-03692-6","volume":"21","author":"J Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, J., Jiang, C., Lin, J., Jiang, Z.L., Wang, J., Fang, J.: Blind reconciliation based on inverse encoding of polar codes with adaptive step sizes for quantum key distribution. Quant. Inf. Process. 21(10), 349 (2022)","journal-title":"Quant. Inf. Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"4371_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Hai, H., Feng, Y., Jiang, X.Q.: Rate-adaptive reconciliation with polar coding for continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Quant. Inf. Process. 20(10), 1\u201317 (2021)","journal-title":"Quant. Inf. Process."},{"key":"4371_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, M., Li, H.: A performance comparison of systematic polar codes and non-systematic polar codes. In: 2018 International Conference on Mathematics, Modelling, Simulation and Algorithms (MMSA 2018), pp. 254\u2013256. Atlantis Press (2018)","DOI":"10.2991\/mmsa-18.2018.57"},{"key":"4371_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakassis, A., Mink, A.: Polar codes in a qkd environment. In: Quantum Information and Computation XII, vol. 9123, pp. 32\u201342. SPIE (2014)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2050919"},{"issue":"2","key":"4371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1049\/cje.2017.07.006","volume":"27","author":"S Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan, S., Wang, J., Fang, J., Jiang, L., Wang, X.: An improved polar codes-based key reconciliation for practical quantum key distribution. Chinese J. Electronics 27(2), 250\u2013255 (2018)","journal-title":"Chinese J. Electronics"},{"issue":"10","key":"4371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-021-03265-z","volume":"20","author":"M Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Dou, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, X.Q., Feng, Y.: Improved information reconciliation with systematic polar codes for continuous variable quantum key distribution. Quant. Inf. Process. 20(10), 327 (2021)","journal-title":"Quant. Inf. Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"4371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.061611.110862","volume":"15","author":"E Arikan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arikan, E.: Systematic polar coding. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(8), 860\u2013862 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"4371_CR21","first-page":"1277","volume":"20","author":"GT Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, G.T., Zhang, Z., Zhong, C., Zhang, L.: A low complexity encoding algorithm for systematic polar codes. IEEE Commun. Lett. 20(7), 1277\u20131280 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"4371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2574996","volume":"64","author":"G Sarkis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarkis, G., Tal, I., Giard, P., Vardy, A., Thibeault, C., Gross, W.J.: Flexible and low-complexity encoding and decoding of systematic polar codes. IEEE Trans. Commun. 64(7), 2732\u20132745 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"4371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.140514","volume":"32","author":"G Sarkis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarkis, G., Giard, P., Vardy, A., Thibeault, C., Gross, W.J.: Fast polar decoders: algorithm and implementation. IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun. 32(5), 946\u2013957 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"4371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.77.042325","volume":"77","author":"A Leverrier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leverrier, A., All\u00e9aume, R., Boutros, J., Z\u00e9mor, G., Grangier, P.: Multidimensional reconciliation for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 042325 (2008)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"4","key":"4371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.83.042312","volume":"83","author":"A Leverrier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leverrier, A., Grangier, P.: Continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution protocols with a non-gaussian modulation. Phys. Rev. A 83(4), 042312 (2011)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"2","key":"4371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.88.022339","volume":"88","author":"XC Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma, X.C., Sun, S.H., Jiang, M.S., Liang, L.M.: Local oscillator fluctuation opens a loophole for eve in practical continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution systems. Phys. Rev. A 88(2), 022339 (2013)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"4371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Jiang, X.Q., Feng, Y., Qiu, R., Bai, E.: High efficiency continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on quasi-cyclic ldpc codes. In: 2020 5th International Conference on Communication, Image and Signal Processing (CCISP), pp. 38\u201342. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCISP51026.2020.9273490"}],"container-title":["Quantum Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04371-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04371-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04371-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T14:44:16Z","timestamp":1716907456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04371-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11128-024-04371-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3244551\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1573-1332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-1332","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"157"}}