{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:36:04Z","timestamp":1772465764739,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-0211-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,16]],"date-time":"2007-01-16T18:32:51Z","timestamp":1168972371000},"page":"441-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Developing technology in the vicinity of science: An examination of the relationship between science intensity (of patents) and technological productivity within the field of biotechnology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Bart","family":"Van Looy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Magerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Koenraad","family":"Debackere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, B. (2001), Technological Change and the Evolution of Corporate Innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781782542391"},{"issue":"3","key":"211_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<267::AID-SMJ89>3.0.CO;2-8","volume":"21","author":"J. A. C. Baum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baum, J. A. C., Calabrese, T., Silverman, B. S. (2000), Don\u2019t go it alone: alliance network composition and startups\u2019 performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3): 267\u2013294.","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"211_CR3","volume-title":"Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research","author":"H. Blalock","year":"1961","unstructured":"Blalock, H. (1961), Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"211_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-006-0135-8","volume":"69","author":"J. Callaert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Callaert, J., Van Looy, B., Verbeek, A., Debackere, K., Thijs, B. (2006), Traces of prior art: A systematic analysis of other references found within the uspto and epo patent system. Scientometrics, 69(1): 3\u201320.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(88)90022-4","volume":"17","author":"P. Collins","year":"1988","unstructured":"Collins, P., Wyatt, S. (1988), Citations in patents to the basic research literature. Research Policy, 17: 65\u201374.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR6","series-title":"Quantitative applications in the social sciences series","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986212","volume-title":"The Logic of Causal Order","author":"J. A. Davis","year":"1985","unstructured":"Davis, J. A. (1985), The Logic of Causal Order. Quantitative applications in the social sciences series, no. 55. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp. 38\u201344 provide a non-technical introduction to partial correlation inferences."},{"key":"211_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(95)00087-9","volume":"11","author":"D. L. Deeds","year":"1996","unstructured":"Deeds, D. L., Hill, C. W. (1996), Strategic alliances and the rate of new product development: an empirical study of entrepreneurial biotechnology firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 11: 41\u201355.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"key":"211_CR8","first-page":"129","volume":"27","author":"H. Dernis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dernis H., Guellec, D., van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2001), Using patent counts for crosscountry comparisons of technology output, STI Review, OECD, 27: 129\u2013146.","journal-title":"STI Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"211_CR9","first-page":"2","volume":"24","author":"H. Etzkowitz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (1997), Introduction to special issue on science policy dimensions of the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Science and Public Policy, 24(1): 2\u20135.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"211_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004348123030","volume":"36","author":"H. Etzkowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (1998), The endless transition: A \u2018Triple Helix\u2019 of university-industry-government relations. Minerva, 36: 203\u2013208.","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"key":"211_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00055-4","volume":"29","author":"H. Etzkowitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2000), The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and \u2018Mode 2\u2019 to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy, 29: 109\u2013123.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"8","key":"211_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(00)00149-9","volume":"30","author":"D. Guellec","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guellec, D., van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2001), The internationalisation of technology analysed with patent data, Research Policy, 30(8): 1253\u20131266.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR13","first-page":"1661","volume":"28","author":"Z. Griliches","year":"1990","unstructured":"Griliches, Z. (1990), Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 28: 1661\u20131707.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"211_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-86467-4_4","volume-title":"Dynamics of Science-Based Innovations","author":"H. Grupp","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grupp, H., Schmoch, U. (1992), Perception of scientification of innovation as measured by referencing between patents and papers. In: H. Grupp (Ed.), Dynamics of Science-Based Innovations, Springer Publishers, Berlin\/Heidelberg, pp. 73\u2013128."},{"issue":"5","key":"211_CR15","first-page":"279","volume":"23","author":"L. Leydesdorff","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., Etzkowitz, H. (1996), Emergence of a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. Science and Public Policy, 23(5): 279\u2013286.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"211_CR16","first-page":"358","volume":"25","author":"L. Leydesdorff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., Etzkowitz, H. (1998), Triple Helix of innovation: Introduction. Science and Public Policy, 25(6): 358\u2013364.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"211_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02095078","volume":"2","author":"R. McCulloch","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCulloch, R. (1980), International indicators of science and technology \u2014 how does the US compare? Scientometrics, 2(5\u20136): 355\u2013367.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00030-X","volume":"29","author":"S. McMillan","year":"2000","unstructured":"McMillan, S., Narin, F., Deeds, D. (2000), An analysis of the critical role of public science in innovation: The case of biotechnology. Research Policy, 29: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"211_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005692621105","volume":"48","author":"M. Meyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meyer, M. (2000), Patent citations in a novel field of technology \u2014 What can they tell about interactions between emerging communities of science and technology. Scientometrics, 48(2): 151\u2013178.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00040-2","volume":"29","author":"M. Meyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meyer, M. (2000b), Does science push technology? Patents citing scientific literature. Research Policy, 29: 409\u2013434.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00094-8","volume":"27","author":"F. Meyer-Krahmer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meyer-Krahmer, F., Schmoch, U. (1998), Science-based technologies: University-industry interactions in four fields. Research Policy, 27: 835\u2013851.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"211_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010577030871","volume":"51","author":"J. Michel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michel, J., Bettels, B. (2001), Patent citation analysis: A closer look at the basic input data from patent search reports. Scientometrics, 51(1): 185\u2013201.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017155","volume":"7","author":"F. Narin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Narin, F., Noma, E. (1985), Is technology becoming science? Scientometrics, 7: 369\u2013381.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(92)90018-Y","volume":"21","author":"F. Narin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Narin, F., Olivastro, D. (1992), Status report: Linkage between technology and science. Research Policy, 21: 237\u2013249.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02457966","volume":"41","author":"F. Narin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Narin F., Olivastro D. (1998), Linkage between patents and papers: an interim EPO\/US comparison, Scientometrics, 41: 51\u201359.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(97)00013-9","volume":"26","author":"F. Narin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Narin, F., Hamilton, K., Olivastro, D. (1997), The increasing linkage between US technology and public science. Research Policy, 26: 317\u2013330.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR27","unstructured":"Nelson, R. R. (Ed.) (1993), National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"211_CR28","unstructured":"OECD (1994), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Using Patent Data as Science and Technology Indicators. Patent Manual 1994, Paris."},{"key":"211_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/sti_scoreboard-2001-en","volume-title":"STI Scoreboard 2001","author":"OECD","year":"2001","unstructured":"OECD (2001) STI Scoreboard 2001, OECD, Paris."},{"key":"211_CR30","volume-title":"The Competitive Advantage of Nations","author":"M. Porter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Porter, M. (1995), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York. The Free Press."},{"key":"211_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price, D. De Solla (1963), Little Science, Big Science. Columbia University Press.","DOI":"10.7312\/pric91844"},{"key":"211_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2307\/3101749","volume":"6","author":"D. D. S. Price","year":"1965","unstructured":"Price, D. De Solla (1965), Is technology historically independent of Science? A study in statistical historiography. Journal of Technology and Culture, 6: 553\u2013568.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology and Culture"},{"key":"211_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rip, A. (1992), Science and technology as dancing partners. In: Kroes, A., Bakker, M. (Eds), Technological Development and Science in the Industrial Age. Kluwer Publications.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8010-6_10"},{"key":"211_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.376","volume":"25","author":"F. T. Rothaermel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rothaermel, F. T., Deeds, D. L. (2004), Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: A system of new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 25: 201\u2013221.","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"211_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02016800","volume":"26","author":"U. Schmoch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schmoch, U. (1993), Tracing the knowledge transfer from science to technology as reflected in patent indicators. Scientometrics, 26(1): 193\u2013211.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02461126","volume":"38","author":"U. Schmoch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schmoch, U. (1997), Indicators and the relations between science and technology. Scientometrics, 38: 103\u2013116.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"211_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02097176","volume":"5","author":"L. G. Soete","year":"1983","unstructured":"Soete, L. G., Wyatt, S. M. E. (1983), The use of foreign patenting as an internationally comparable science and technology output indicator. Scientometrics, 5(1): 31\u201354.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00080-3","volume":"30","author":"R. Tijssen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tijssen, R. (2001), Global and domestic utilization of industrial relevant science: Patent citation analysis of science-technology interactions and knowledge flows. Research Policy, 30: 35\u201354.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005603513439","volume":"47","author":"R. J. W. Tijssen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tijssen, R. J. W., Buter, R. K., Van Leeuwen, Th. N. (2000), Technological relevance of science: Validation and analysis of citation linkages between patents and research papers. Scientometrics, 47: 389\u2013412.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"211_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00124-X","volume":"31","author":"R. J. W. Tijssen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tijssen, R. J. W. (2002), Science dependence of technologies: Evidence from inventions and their inventors. Research Policy, 31(4): 509\u2013526.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"211_CR41","unstructured":"Van Beuzekom, B. (2001), Biotechnology Statistics in the OECD Member Countries: Compendium of Existing National Statistics. STI Working Paper 2001\/6."},{"key":"211_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025052617678","volume":"57","author":"B. Looy Van","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Looy, B., Zimmermann, E., Veugelers, R., Mello, J., Debackere, K. (2003), Do science-technology interactions pay off? An exploratory investigation of 10 science intensive fields. Scientometrics, 57: 355\u2013367.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-7333(90)90034-4","volume":"19","author":"B. Viaenen Van","year":"1990","unstructured":"Van Viaenen, B., Moed, H., Van Raan, A. (1990), An exploration of the science base of recent technology. Research Policy, 19: 61\u201381.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"211_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016034516731","volume":"54","author":"A. Verbeek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verbeek, A., Debackere, K., Luwel, M., Andries, P., Zimmermann, E., Deleus, F. (2002a), Linking science to technology: Using bibliographic references in patents to build linkage schemes. Scientometrics, 54(1\u20132): 399\u2013420.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"211_CR45","unstructured":"Verbeek, A., Callaert, J., Andries, P., Debackere, K., Luwel, M., Veugelers, R. (2002b), Science and Technology Interplay \u2014 A Modelling Approach on a Regional Level, Final Report to the EC DG Research, Brussels (also forthcoming in the EC Indicators report 2003)."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-007-0211-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-007-0211-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-007-0211-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:35:58Z","timestamp":1736728558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-007-0211-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-007-0211-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}