{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:31:58Z","timestamp":1769067118785,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]],"date-time":"2011-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0433-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,20]],"date-time":"2011-06-20T05:25:54Z","timestamp":1308547554000},"page":"421-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Mixed-indicators model for identifying emerging research areas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Hanning","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Weingart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katy","family":"B\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02020922","volume":"23","author":"I Adamson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Adamson, I. (1992). Access and retrieval of information as coordinates of scientific development and achievement in Nigeria. Scientometrics, 23(1), 191\u2013199.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-1888-4","volume":"75","author":"L Bettencourt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bettencourt, L., Kaiser, D., Kaur, J., Castillo-Chavez, C., & Wojick, D. (2008). Population modeling of the emergence and development of scientific fields. Scientometrics, 75(3), 495\u2013518.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"433_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5192","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307509100","volume":"101","author":"KW Boyack","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boyack, K. W. (2004). Mapping knowledge domains: Characterizing PNAS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(Suppl 1), 5192\u20135199.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"433_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02016625","volume":"11","author":"T Braun","year":"1987","unstructured":"Braun, T., Gl\u00e4nzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1987). One more version of the facts and figures on publication output and relative citation impact of 107 countries, 1978\u20131980. Scientometrics, 11(1), 9\u201315.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017195","volume":"15","author":"T Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun, T., Gl\u00e4nzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1989a). Assessing assessments of British science: Some facts and figures to accept or decline. Scientometrics, 15(3), 165\u2013170.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"433_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02021795","volume":"15","author":"T Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun, T., Gl\u00e4nzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1989b). The newest version of the facts and figures on publication output and relative citation impact: A collection of relational charts, 1981\u20131985. Scientometrics, 15(1\u20132), 13\u201320.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"433_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02457417","volume":"38","author":"T Braun","year":"1997","unstructured":"Braun, T., Schubert, A., & Zsindely, S. (1997). Nanoscience and nanotechnology on the balance. Scientometrics, 38(2), 321\u2013325.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20317","volume":"57","author":"C Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen, C. (2006). Citespace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(3), 359\u2013377.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2009.03.004","volume":"3","author":"C Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, C., Chen, Y., Horowitz, M., Hou, H., Liu, Z., & Pellegrino, D. (2009). Towards an explanatory and computational theory of scientific discovery. Journal of Informetrics, 3(3), 191\u2013209.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"433_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02028085","volume":"25","author":"H Chu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chu, H. (1992). Communication between Chinese and non-Chinese scientists in the discovery of high-TC superconductors: II. The informal perspective. Scientometrics, 25(2), 253\u2013277.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"433_CR11","unstructured":"Garfield, E., & Small, H. (1989). Identifying the change frontiers of science. In M. Kranzberg, Y. Elkana, & Z. Tadmor (Eds.), Conference proceedings of innovation: At the crossroads between science and technology (pp. 51\u201365). Haifa, Israel: The S. Neaman Press."},{"issue":"5061","key":"433_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/212452a0","volume":"212","author":"W Goffman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Goffman, W. (1966). Mathematical approach to the spread of scientific ideas: The history of mast cell research. Nature, 212(5061), 452\u2013499.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"433_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1145\/321637.321640","volume":"18","author":"W Goffman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Goffman, W. (1971). A mathematical method for analyzing the growth of a scientific discipline. Journal of Association for Computing Machinery, 18(2), 173\u2013185.","journal-title":"Journal of Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"5280","key":"433_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/229103a0","volume":"229","author":"W Goffman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Goffman, W., & Harmon, G. (1971). Mathematical approach to the prediction of scientific discovery. Nature, 229(5280), 103\u2013104.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4955","key":"433_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/204225a0","volume":"204","author":"W Goffman","year":"1964","unstructured":"Goffman, W., & Newill, V. A. (1964). Generalization of epidemic theory: An application to the transmission of ideas. Nature, 204(4955), 225\u2013228.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"46","key":"433_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507655102","volume":"102","author":"JE Hirsch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual\u2019s scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102(46), 16569\u201316572.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"433_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2007.05.005","volume":"75","author":"Y Kajikawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kajikawa, Y., Yoshikawaa, J., Takedaa, Y., & Matsushima, K. (2008). Tracking emerging technologies in energy research: Toward a roadmap for sustainable energy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(6), 771\u2013782.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010514932626","volume":"50","author":"M-J Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim, M.-J. (2001). A bibliometric analysis of physics publications in Korea, 1994\u20131998. Scientometrics, 50(3), 503\u2013521.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20991","volume":"60","author":"R Klavans","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klavans, R., & Boyack, K. W. (2009). Toward a consensus map of science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(3), 455\u2013476.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"433_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024940629314","volume":"7","author":"J Kleinberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kleinberg, J. (2003). Bursty and hierarchical structure in streams. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 7(4), 373\u2013397.","journal-title":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery"},{"key":"433_CR100","unstructured":"Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR21","first-page":"1588","volume":"76","author":"WH Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee, W. H. (2008). How to identify emerging research fields using scientometrics: An example in the field of information security. Scientometrics, 76(3), 1588\u20132861.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093977","volume":"21","author":"G Lewison","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lewison, G. (1991). The scientific output of the EC\u2019s less favoured regions. Scientometrics, 21(3), 383\u2013402.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"433_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20891","volume":"59","author":"L Leydesdorff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., & Schank, T. (2008). Dynamic animations of journal maps: Indicators of structural changes and interdisciplinary developments. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(11), 1810\u20131818.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-0304-4","volume":"70","author":"D Lucio-Arias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lucio-Arias, D., & Leydesdorff, L. (2007). Knowledge emergence in scientific communication: From \u201cFullerenes\u201d to \u201cnanotubes\u201d. Scientometrics, 70(3), 603\u2013632.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"433_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5287","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307626100","volume":"101","author":"K Mane","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mane, K., & B\u00f6rner, K. (2004). Mapping topics and topic bursts in PNAS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 101(Suppl 1), 5287\u20135290.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)"},{"key":"433_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674420748","volume-title":"Science: Growth and change","author":"HW Menard","year":"1971","unstructured":"Menard, H. W. (1971). Science: Growth and change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press."},{"issue":"3810","key":"433_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3810.56","volume":"159","author":"RK Merton","year":"1968","unstructured":"Merton, R. K. (1968). The matthew effect in science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered. Science, 159(3810), 56\u201363.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-008-2197-2","volume":"81","author":"AL Porter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porter, A. L., & Rafols, I. (2009). Is science becoming more interdisciplinary? Measuring and mapping six research fields over time. Scientometrics, 81(3), 719\u2013745.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"433_CR29","unstructured":"Price, D. J. D. S. (1970). Citation measures of hard science, softscience, technology, and nonscience. In C. E. A. P. Nelson, D. (Ed.), Communication among scientists and engineers (pp. 3\u201312): Heath Lexington Books, Massachusetts."},{"issue":"1","key":"433_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"44","author":"CR Rao","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rao, C. R. (1982). Diversity: Its measurement, decomposition, apportionment and analysis. Sankhy: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series A, 44(1), 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Sankhy: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series A"},{"key":"433_CR31","unstructured":"Scharnhorst, A., & Garfield, E. (2010 in press). Tracing scientific influence. Dynamic of Socio-Economic System, 2(1)."},{"key":"433_CR32","unstructured":"Sci2 Team. (2009a). Science of Science (Sci2) Tool: Indiana University and SciTech Strategies, Inc. http:\/\/sci2.cns.iu.edu . Accessed 8 June 2010."},{"key":"433_CR33","unstructured":"Sci2 Team. (2009b). Stop word list. http:\/\/nwb.slis.indiana.edu\/svn\/nwb\/trunk\/plugins\/preprocessing\/edu.iu.nwb.preprocessing.text.normalization\/src\/edu\/iu\/nwb\/preprocessing\/text\/normalization\/stopwords.txt . Accessed 11 June 2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"433_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271011015534","volume":"14","author":"A Serenko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Serenko, A., Bontis, N., Booker, L., Sadeddin, K., & Hardie, T. (2010). A scientometric analysis of knowledge management and intellectual capital academic literature (1994\u20132008). Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(1), 3\u201323.","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-006-0132-y","volume":"63","author":"H Small","year":"2006","unstructured":"Small, H. (2006). Tracking and predicting growth areas in science. Scientometrics, 63(3), 595\u2013610.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"15","key":"433_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2007.0213","volume":"4","author":"A Stirling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stirling, A. (2007). A general framework for analysing diversity in science, technology and society. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 4(15), 707\u2013719.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-2012-5","volume":"78","author":"Y Takeda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takeda, Y., & Kajikawa, Y. (2009). Optics: A bibliometric approach to detect emerging research domains and intellectual bases. Scientometrics, 78(3), 543\u2013558.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"433_CR38","unstructured":"Thomson Reuters (2010). Web of science. http:\/\/scientific.thomsonreuters.com\/products\/wos\/ . Accessed 8 June 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"433_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093978","volume":"21","author":"L Tsipouri","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tsipouri, L. (1991). Effects of EC R&D policy on Greece: Some thoughts in view of the stride programme. Scientometrics, 21(3), 403\u2013416.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"433_CR40","first-page":"1588","volume":"47","author":"AFJ Raan Van","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van Raan, A. F. J. (2000). On growth, ageing, and fractal differentiation of science. Scientometrics, 47(2), 1588\u20132861.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"433_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1625(02)00355-4","volume":"70","author":"RJ Watts","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watts, R. J., & Porter, A. L. (2003). R&D cluster quality measures and technology maturity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 70(8), 735\u2013758.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"433_CR42","unstructured":"Weingart, S., Guo, H., B\u00f6rner, K., Boyack, K. W., Linnemeier, M. W., & Duhon, R. J., et al. (2010). Science of Science (Sci2) Tool User Manual. http:\/\/sci2.wiki.cns.iu.edu . Accessed 28 Jan 2011."},{"key":"433_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3354\/esep00092","volume":"8","author":"M Zitt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zitt, M., & Bassecoulard, E. (2008). Challenges for scientometric indicators: Data de-mining, knowledge flows measurements and diversity issues. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 8, 49\u201360.","journal-title":"Ethics in science and environmental politics"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0433-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0433-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0433-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T05:34:16Z","timestamp":1559367256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0433-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0433-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]]}}}