{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T07:02:05Z","timestamp":1763017325594,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1122-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,12]],"date-time":"2013-09-12T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1378982301000},"page":"187-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mapping election campaigns through negative entropy: Triple and Quadruple Helix approach to South Korea\u2019s 2012 presidential election"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Han Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1122_CR1","unstructured":"Abramson, N. (1963). Information theory and coding. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"issue":"3","key":"1122_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2011.03.001","volume":"33","author":"R Ackland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ackland, R., & O\u2019Neil, M. (2011). Online collective identity: The case of the environmental movement. Social Networks, 33(3), 177\u2013190.","journal-title":"Social Networks"},{"key":"1122_CR3","unstructured":"Barash, V., & Golder, S. (2010). Twitter: conversation, entertainment and information, all in one network. In D. Hansen, B. Shneiderman, & M. Smith (Eds.), Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world (pp 143\u2013164). Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann Publisher."},{"key":"1122_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bond, R. M., Fariss, C. J., Jones, J. J., Kramer, A. D. I., Marlow, C., Settle, J. E., et al. (2012). A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization. Nature, 489(7415), 295\u2013298. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11421 .","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11421"},{"issue":"8","key":"1122_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20838","volume":"49","author":"H Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen, H., Chung, W., Qin, J., Ried, E., Sageman, M., & Weimann, G. (2008). Uncovering the dark Web: A case study of Jihad on the Web. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 49(8), 1347\u20131359. doi: 10.1002\/asi.20838 .","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0514-7","volume":"90","author":"SJ Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi, S. J., Park, J. Y., & Park, H. W. (2012). Using social media data to explore communication processes within South Korean online innovation communities. Scientometrics, 90(1), 43\u201356.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"1122_CR7","unstructured":"Effing, R., van Hillegersberg, J., & Huibers, T. (2011). Social media and political participation: Are Facebook, Twitter and YouTube democratizing our political systems? In E. Tambouris, A. Macintosh, & H. de Bruijn (Eds.), Electronic participation (PP. 25\u201335). Heidelberg: Springer Berlin."},{"key":"1122_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bail\u00f3n, S., Borge-Holthoefer, J., Rivero, A., & Moreno, Y. (2011). The dynamics of protest recruitment through an online network. Scientific reports, 1.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00197"},{"key":"1122_CR9","unstructured":"Hogan, B. (2010). Visualizing and interpreting Facebook networks. In D. Hansen, B. Shneiderman, & M. Smith (Eds.), Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world (PP. 165\u2013180). Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann Publisher."},{"issue":"3","key":"1122_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439310382517","volume":"29","author":"CL Hsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsu, C. L., & Park, H. W. (2011). Sociology of hyperlink networks of web 1.0, web 2.0, and Twitter: A case study of South Korea. Social Science Computer Review, 29(3), 354\u2013368.","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2011.09.009","volume":"29","author":"CL Hsu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hsu, C. L., & Park, H. W. (2012). Mapping online social networks of Korean politicians. Government Information Quarterly, 29(2), 169\u2013181.","journal-title":"Government Information Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.17477\/jcea.2013.12.1.065","volume":"12","author":"C-L Hsu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hsu, C.-L., Park, S. J., & Park, H. W. (2013). Political discourse among key Twitter users: The case of Sejong city In South Korea. Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, 12(1), 65\u201379.","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0504-9","volume":"90","author":"GF Khan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khan, G. F., Cho, S. E., & Park, H. W. (2012). A comparison of the Daegu and Edinburgh musical industries: A triple Helix approach. Scientometrics, 90(1), 85\u201399.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"1122_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21595","volume":"16","author":"GF Khan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khan, G. F., & Park, H. W. (2011). Measuring the Triple Helix on the Web: Longitudinal trends in the university\u2013industry\u2013government relationship in Korea. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 16(12), 2443\u20132455.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"1122_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, G. F., & Park, H. W. (2013). International collaboration within electronic government research domain: A Triple Helix Network analysis of collaboration at the regional, country, and institutional levels, government information quarterly.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2012.09.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0508-5","volume":"90","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, M. J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-based political participation and deliberation in the South Korean context by using social network and Triple Helix indicators. Scientometrics, 90(1), 121\u2013140.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"1122_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2012.679243","volume":"6","author":"T Kobayashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kobayashi, T., & Boase, J. (2012). No such effect? The implications of measurement error in self-report measures of mobile communication use. Communication Methods and Measures, 6, 1\u201318. doi: 10.1080\/19312458.2012.679243 .","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"key":"1122_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kropczynski, J., & Nah, S. (2011). Virtually networked housing movement: Hyperlink network structure of housing social movement organizations. New Media Society, 13(5), 689\u2013703. doi: 10.1177\/1461444810372786 .","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810372786"},{"key":"1122_CR19","unstructured":"Kukmin Daily. (17 July 2012). \ub300\uc120 \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc790 3 \ucc28 \ud1a0\ub860 \uc2dc\uccad\ub960 29.7%\uc5d0 \uadf8\uccd0. http:\/\/news.kukinews.com\/article\/view.asp?page=1&gCode=kmi&arcid=0006729224&cp=nv ."},{"issue":"5","key":"1122_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2011.587016","volume":"21","author":"N Kwak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kwak, N., Campbell, S. W., Choi, J., & Bae, S. Y. (2011). Mobile communication and public affairs engagement in Korea: An examination of non-linear relationships between mobile phone use and engagement across age groups. Asian Journal of Communication, 21(5), 485\u2013503.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0512-9","volume":"90","author":"KS Kwon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kwon, K. S., Park, H. W., So, M., & Leydesdorff, L. (2012). Has globalization strengthened South Korea\u2019s National Research System? National and international dynamics of the Triple Helix of scientific co-authorship relationships in South Korea. Scientometrics, 90(1), 163\u2013175. doi: 10.1007\/s11192-011-0512-9 .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"1122_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.-O., & Park, H. W. (2013). E-Campaigning Versus the Public Official Election Act in South Korea: Causes, consequences and implications of cyber-exile. Aslib Proceedings, 65(4), 388\u2013405. doi: 10.1108\/AP-11-2011-0044 .","DOI":"10.1108\/AP-11-2011-0044"},{"key":"1122_CR23","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L. (2001). A sociological theory of communication: The self-organization of the knowledge-based society. Parkland, FL: Universal Publishers. At http:\/\/www.upublish.com\/books\/leydesdorff.htm ."},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026253130577","volume":"58","author":"L Leydesdorff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L. (2003). The mutual information of university\u2013industry\u2013government Relations: An indicator of the Triple Helix dynamics. Scientometrics, 58(2), 445\u2013467.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"1122_CR25","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L. (2007). Indicators of structural change in the dynamics of science: Entropy statistics of the SCI Journal Citation Reports. In: T. Braun (Ed.), The impact factors of scientific and scholarly journals. Its use and misuse (PP. 97\u2013126). Budapest: Akad\u00e9miai Kiad\u00f3."},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3390\/e10040391","volume":"10","author":"L Leydesdorff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L. (2008). Configurational information as potentially negative entropy: The Triple Helix model. Entropy, 10(4), 391\u2013420.","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"1122_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L. (2010). Redundancy in systems which entertain a model of themselves: Interaction information and the self-organization of anticipation. Entropy, 12(1), 63\u201379. doi: 10.3390\/e12010063 .","DOI":"10.3390\/e12010063"},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2011.02.003","volume":"28","author":"YS Lim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lim, Y. S., & Park, H. W. (2011). How do congressional members appear on the web? Tracking the web visibility of South Korean politicians. Government Information Quarterly, 28(4), 514\u2013521.","journal-title":"Government Information Quarterly"},{"key":"1122_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, Y. S., & Park, H. W. (2013). The structural relationship between politicians\u2019 web visibility and political finance networks: A case study of South Korea\u2019s National Assembly Members. New Media & Society.","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812457335"},{"key":"1122_CR30","unstructured":"Luhmann, N. (1984). Soziale Systeme. Grundri\u00df einer allgemeinen Theorie. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a.M., 1984. (Social systems. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995)."},{"key":"1122_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGill, W. J. (1954). Multivariate information transmission. Psychometrika, 19(2), 97\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289159"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/0539018412466635","volume":"52","author":"Y Nam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nam, Y., Lee, Y.-O., & Park, H. W. (2013). Can web ecology provide a clearer understanding of people\u2019s information behavior during election campaigns? Social Science Information, 52(1), 91\u2013109.","journal-title":"Social Science Information"},{"key":"1122_CR32","author":"M Okumura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okumura, M., Motegi, T., Kobayashi, T., Oyama, K., & Suzuki, T. (2007). Can we predict political poll results by using blog entries? IEEE 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,. doi: 10.1109\/HICSS.2012.145 .","journal-title":"IEEE 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17477\/jcea.2013.12.1.005","volume":"12","author":"J Otterbacher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Otterbacher, J., Shapiro, M. A., & Hemphill, L. (2013). Interacting or just acting? A case study of European, Korean, and American Politicians? Interactions with the public on Twitter. Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, 12(1), 5\u201320.","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-010-9421-x","volume":"46","author":"HW Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park, H. W. (2012). How do social scientists use link data from search engines to understand Internet-based political and electoral communication. Quality & Quantity, 46(2), 679\u2013693.","journal-title":"Quality & Quantity"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-005-0257-4","volume":"65","author":"HW Park","year":"2005","unstructured":"Park, H. W., Hong, H. D., & Leydesdorff, L. (2005). A comparison of the knowledge-based innovation systems in the economies of South Korea and the Netherlands using Triple Helix indicators. Scientometrics, 65(1), 3\u201327.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17477\/jcea.2008.7.1.001","volume":"7","author":"HW Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park, H. W., & Lee, Y. (2008). The Korean Presidential Election of 2007: 5 Years on from the \u201cInternet Election. Contemporary Eastern Asia, 7(1), 1\u20134.","journal-title":"Contemporary Eastern Asia"},{"issue":"5","key":"1122_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.02.009","volume":"39","author":"HW Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park, H. W., & Leydesdorff, L. (2010). Longitudinal trends in networks of university-industry-government relations in South Korea: The role of programmatic incentives. Research Policy, 39(5), 640\u2013649.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1122_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439310382509","volume":"29","author":"SJ Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park, S. J., Lim, Y. S., Sams, S., Sang, M. N., & Park, H. W. (2011). Networked politics on cyworld: The text and sentiment of Korean political profiles. Social Science Computer Review, 29(3), 288\u2013299.","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"1122_CR39","unstructured":"Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2012). Social media and voting. November 6, 2012. Newsletter http:\/\/pewinternet.org\/Reports\/2012\/Social-Vote-2012.aspx?utm_source=Mailing+List&utm_campaign=b759c9d83a-Newsletter_11092012&utm_medium=email ."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1122_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3233\/IP-2010-0196","volume":"15","author":"SP Robertson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robertson, S. P., Vatrapu, R. K., & Medina, R. (2010). Off the wall political discourse: Facebook use in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election. Information Polity, 15(1\u20132), 11\u201331.","journal-title":"Information Polity"},{"key":"1122_CR41","unstructured":"Salganik, M. J., & Levy, K. E. C. (2012). Wiki surveys: Open and quantifiable social data collection. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1202.0500 ."},{"issue":"5","key":"1122_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2011.594897","volume":"21","author":"S Sams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sams, S., Lim, Y. S., & Park, H. W. (2011). E-research applications for tracking online socio-political capital in the Asia-Pacific region. Asian Journal of Communication, 21(5), 450\u2013466.","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Communication"},{"key":"1122_CR43","unstructured":"Sams, S., & Park, H. W. (2013). The presence of hyperlinks on social network sites: A case study of cyworld in Korea. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication."},{"key":"1122_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379\u2013423 and 623\u2013656.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x"},{"key":"1122_CR45","volume-title":"The signal and the noise: Why most predictions fail but some don\u2019t","author":"N Silver","year":"2012","unstructured":"Silver, N. (2012). The signal and the noise: Why most predictions fail but some don\u2019t. New York: Penguin Press."},{"key":"1122_CR46","unstructured":"Skoric, M. M. (2012). Social media messages as indicators of public opinion: Opportunities and challenges. A keynote talk at new media and citizenship in Asia: Social media, politics, and community-building, International Communication Association 2012 Preconference. Pheniox, AZ: USA."},{"key":"1122_CR47","volume-title":"Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder","author":"NN Taleb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder. New York: Random House."},{"key":"1122_CR48","volume-title":"Statistical decomposition analysis","author":"H Theil","year":"1972","unstructured":"Theil, H. (1972). Statistical decomposition analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland."},{"key":"1122_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tufekci, Z., & Wilson, C. (2012). Social media and the decision to participate in political protest: Observations from tahrir square. Journal of Communication, 62(2), 363\u2013379.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"1122_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0226","volume":"14","author":"J Vitak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vitak, J., Zube, P., Smock, A., Carr, C., Ellison, N., & Lampe, C. (2011). It\u2019s complicated: Facebook users\u2019 political participation in the 2008 election. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14(3), 107\u2013114.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking"},{"key":"1122_CR51","unstructured":"Wall Street Journal. (December 20, 2012). How did park win? A breakdown. http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/korearealtime\/2012\/12\/20\/how-did-park-win-a-breakdown\/ ."},{"issue":"3","key":"1122_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439310382512","volume":"29","author":"JH Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu, J. H., Mo, Q., Wang, F., & Lu, H. (2011). A random digit search (RDS) Method for sampling of blogs and other user-generated content. Social Science Computer Review, 29(3), 327\u2013339.","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"1122_CR53","unstructured":"Zhu, J. H., Wang, X., Qin, J., & Wu, L. (2012). Assessing public opinion trends based on user search queries: Validity, reliability, and practicality. A paper presented at the annual conference of the World Association for Public Opinion Research, Hong Kong, June 14\u201316, 2012."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1122-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1122-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1122-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T21:11:08Z","timestamp":1563916268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1122-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1122-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0138-9130"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1588-2861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]]}}}