{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T12:26:44Z","timestamp":1759667204375,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1394033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1394033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71201158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71201158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2015-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T18:42:28Z","timestamp":1466016148000},"page":"1129-1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Institutional change and the optimal size of universities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Torben","family":"Schubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9781-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2015_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0121(00)00010-0","volume":"35","author":"NK Avkiran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Avkiran, N. K. (2001). Investigating technical and scale efficiencies of Australian Universities through data envelopment analysis. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 35, 57\u201380.","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"2015_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011117324278","volume":"15","author":"M Balk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Balk, M. (2001). Scale efficiency and productivity change. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 15, 159\u2013183.","journal-title":"Journal of Productivity Analysis"},{"key":"2015_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(84)90006-7","volume":"17","author":"RD Banker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Banker, R. D. (1984). Estimating the most productive scale size using data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 17, 35\u201344.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"2015_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.9.1078","volume":"30","author":"RD Banker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078\u20131092.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"2015_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(03)00174-7","volume":"154","author":"RD Banker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Banker, R. D., Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2004). Returns to scale in different DEA models. European Journal of Operational Research, 154, 345\u2013362.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"2015_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1989.559768","volume":"15","author":"RD Banker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Banker, R. D., & Kemmerer, C. F. (1989). Scale economies in new software development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 15(10), 1109\u20131205.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(92)90178-C","volume":"62","author":"RD Banker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Banker, R. D., & Thrall, R. M. (1992). Estimation of returns to scale using data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 62(1), 74\u201384.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"2015_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-012-0834-2","volume":"94","author":"T Brandt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brandt, T., & Schubert, T. (2013). Is the university model an organizational necessity? Scale and agglomeration effects in science. Scientometrics, 94, 541\u2013565.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2015_CR9","volume-title":"Towards a new model of governance for universities? A comparative view","author":"D Braun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Braun, D., & Merrien, F. X. (1999). Towards a new model of governance for universities? A comparative view. London: Jessica Kingsley."},{"key":"2015_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840600214003","volume":"21","author":"N Brunsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brunsson, N., & Sahlin-Andersson, K. (2000). Constructing organizations: The example of public sector reforms. Organization Studies, 21, 721\u2013746.","journal-title":"Organization Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"2015_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8","volume":"2","author":"A Charnes","year":"1978","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429\u2013444.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"2015_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1057\/jibs.2014.20","volume":"45","author":"P Choudhury","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choudhury, P., & Khanna, T. (2014). Toward resource independence\u2014Why state-owned entities become mulitnationals: An empirical Study of India\u2019s public R&D laboratories. Journal of International Business Studies, 45, 943\u2013960.","journal-title":"Journal of International Business Studies"},{"key":"2015_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520340725","volume-title":"The higher education system: Academic organization in cross-national perspective","author":"BR Clark","year":"1983","unstructured":"Clark, B. R. (1983). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross-national perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press."},{"key":"2015_CR14","volume-title":"The uses of the university","author":"K Clark","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clark, K. (2001). The uses of the university (5th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.","edition":"5"},{"key":"2015_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2392088","volume":"17","author":"MD Cohen","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"2015_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-45283-8","volume-title":"Data envelopment analysis: A comprehensive text with models, applications, references and DEA-solver software","author":"WW Cooper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., & Tone, K. (2007). Data envelopment analysis: A comprehensive text with models, applications, references and DEA-solver software (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.","edition":"2"},{"key":"2015_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5465\/AMJ.2002.6283388","volume":"45","author":"T Dacin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dacin, T., Goodstein, J., & Scott, W. R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 45\u201356.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2007.00632.x","volume":"85","author":"HF Boer De","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Boer, H. F., Enders, J., & Leisyte, L. (2007). Public sector reform in Dutch higher education: The organizational transformation of the university. Public Administration, 85(1), 27\u201346.","journal-title":"Public Administration"},{"key":"2015_CR19","first-page":"284","volume":"71","author":"H Groot de","year":"1991","unstructured":"de Groot, H., McMahon, W. W., & Volkwein, J. F. (1991). The cost structure of American research universities. Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, 284\u2013290.","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"2015_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1086\/461424","volume":"85","author":"TE Deal","year":"1985","unstructured":"Deal, T. E. (1985). The symbolism of effective schools. The Elementary School Journal, 85, 601\u2013620.","journal-title":"The Elementary School Journal"},{"key":"2015_CR21","volume-title":"Handbook of teaching and policy","author":"R Elmore","year":"1983","unstructured":"Elmore, R. (1983). Complexity and control: What legislators and administrators can do about implementing policy. In L. S. Shulman & G. Sykes (Eds.), Handbook of teaching and policy. NY: Longman."},{"key":"2015_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026790026117","volume":"41","author":"J Enders","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enders, J. (2001). A chair system in transition: Appointments, promotions, and gatekeeping in German higher education. Higher Education, 41, 3\u201325.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"2015_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2343100","volume":"120","author":"MJ Farrell","year":"1957","unstructured":"Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General), 120(3), 253\u2013290.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General)"},{"key":"2015_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2004.10.004","volume":"40","author":"JC Glass","year":"2006","unstructured":"Glass, J. C., McCallion, G., McKillop, D. G., Rasaratnama, S., & Stringer, K. S. (2006). Implications of variant efficiency measures for policy evaluations in UK higher education. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 40, 119\u2013142.","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"2015_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.3950100106","volume":"10","author":"JC Glass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glass, J. C., McKillop, D. G., & Hyndman, N. (1995a). Efficiency in the provision of university teaching and research: An empirical analysis of UK universities. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 10, 61\u201372.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Econometrics"},{"key":"2015_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/09645299500000023","volume":"3","author":"JC Glass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Glass, J. C., McKillop, D. G., & Hyndman, N. (1995b). The achievement of scale efficiency in UK universities: A multiple-input multiple output analysis. Education Economics, 3, 249\u2013263.","journal-title":"Education Economics"},{"key":"2015_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830180202","volume":"18","author":"RB Glassman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Glassman, R. B. (1973). Persistence and loose coupling in living systems. Behavioral Science, 18, 83\u201398.","journal-title":"Behavioral Science"},{"key":"2015_CR28","volume-title":"Higher education: Handbook of theory and research","author":"PJ Gumport","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gumport, P. J., & Sporn, B. (1999). Institutional adaptation: Demands for management reforms and university administration. In J. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (Vol. XIV). Bronx: Agathon Press."},{"key":"2015_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/0539018414524037","volume":"53","author":"O Hallonsten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hallonsten, O. (2014). How scientists may \u2018benefit from the mess\u2019: A resource dependence perspective on individual organizing in contemporary science. Social Science Information, 53, 341\u2013362.","journal-title":"Social Science Information"},{"key":"2015_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8551.2003.00390.x","volume":"14","author":"CR Hinings","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hinings, C. R., Casebeer, A., Reay, T., Golden-Biddle, K., Pablo, A., & Greenwood, R. (2003). Regionalizing healthcare in Alberta: Legislated change, uncertainty, and loose coupling. British Journal of Management, 14, 15\u201330.","journal-title":"British Journal of Management"},{"key":"2015_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7757(00)00044-3","volume":"21","author":"H Izadi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Izadi, H., Johnes, G., Oskrochi, R., & Crouchley, R. (2002). Stochastic frontier estimation of a CES cost function, the case of higher education in Britain. Economics of Education Review, 21, 63\u201371.","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"key":"2015_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11577-007-0006-1","volume":"59","author":"D Jansen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jansen, D., Wald, A., Franke, K., Schmoch, U., & Schubert, T. (2007). Third party research funding and performance in research. On the effects of institutional conditions on research performance of teams. K\u00f6lner Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 59, 125\u2013149.","journal-title":"K\u00f6lner Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie"},{"key":"2015_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9485.00145","volume":"46","author":"G Johnes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnes, G. (1999). The management of universities: Scottish economic society\/royal bank of scotland annual lecture. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 46, 505\u2013522.","journal-title":"Scottish Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2015_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/03075070802372901","volume":"33","author":"G Johnes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnes, G., Johnes, J., & Thanassoulis, E. (2008). An analysis of costs in institutions of higher education in England. Studies in Higher Education, 33, 527\u2013549.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"2015_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/002188638201800404","volume":"18","author":"RE Kaplan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kaplan, R. E. (1982). Intervention in a loosely organized system: An encounter with non-being. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 18, 415\u2013432.","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2015_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3435.2010.01453.x","volume":"45","author":"BM Kehm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kehm, B. M. (2010). The future of the bologna process\u2014The bologna process of the future. European Journal of Education, 45(4), 529\u2013534.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"2015_CR37","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The uses of the university","author":"C Kerr","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kerr, C. (1963). The idea of a multiversity. In C. Kerr (Ed.), The uses of the university (pp. 1\u201345). Cambridge, Mass.\/London: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"2015_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466608080651","volume":"24","author":"A Kneip","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kneip, A., Simar, L., & Wilson, P. W. (2008). Asymptotics and consistent bootstraps for DEA estimators in non-parametric frontier models. Econometric Theory, 24, 1663\u20131697.","journal-title":"Econometric Theory"},{"key":"2015_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/00036849500000068","volume":"27","author":"RK Koshal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Koshal, R. K., & Koshal, M. (1995). Quality and economics of scale in higher education. Applied Economics, 27, 773\u2013778.","journal-title":"Applied Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.11.015","volume":"199","author":"K Kounetas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kounetas, K., Mourtos, I., & Tsekouras, K. (2009). Efficiency decompositions for heterogeneous technologies. European Journal of Operational Research, 199(1), 209\u2013218.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"2015_CR41","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Towards a multiversity? Universities between global trends and national traditions","author":"G Kr\u00fccken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kr\u00fccken, G., Kosm\u00fctzky, A., & Torka, M. (2007). Towards a multiversity? Universities between global trends and national traditions. In G. Kr\u00fccken, A. Kosm\u00fctzky, & M. Torka (Eds.), Towards a multiversity? Universities between global trends and national traditions (pp. 7\u201316). Bielefeld: Transcript."},{"key":"2015_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2307\/1061638","volume":"70","author":"DN Laband","year":"2003","unstructured":"Laband, D. N., & Lentz, B. F. (2003). New estimates of economies of scale and scope in higher education. Southern Economic Journal, 70, 172\u2013183.","journal-title":"Southern Economic Journal"},{"key":"2015_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3152\/095820210X492495","volume":"19","author":"V Larivi\u00e8re","year":"2010","unstructured":"Larivi\u00e8re, V., Macaluso, B., Archambault, \u00c9., & Gingras, Y. (2010). Which scientific elites? On the concentration of research funds, publications and citations. Research Evaluation, 19, 45\u201353.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"key":"2015_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-3682(87)90004-3","volume":"12","author":"JG March","year":"1987","unstructured":"March, J. G. (1987). Ambiguity and accounting: The elusive link between information and decision making. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 12, 153\u2013168.","journal-title":"Accounting, Organizations and Society"},{"key":"2015_CR45","volume-title":"Organizations","author":"J March","year":"1958","unstructured":"March, J., & Simon, H. (1958). Organizations. New York: Free Press."},{"key":"2015_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3810.56","volume":"159","author":"RK Merton","year":"1968","unstructured":"Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew effect in science. Science, 159, 56\u201363.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2015_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1086\/226550","volume":"83","author":"JW Meyer","year":"1977","unstructured":"Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340\u2013363.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"2015_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1987.tb00466.x","volume":"24","author":"D Meyerson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Meyerson, D., & Martin, J. (1987). Cultural change: An integration of three different views. Journal of Management Studies, 24, 623\u2013647.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"2015_CR49","first-page":"123","volume":"54","author":"H Minssen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Minssen, H., & Wilkesmann, U. (2003). Lassen Hochschulen sich steuern? Soziale Welt, 54, 123\u2013144.","journal-title":"Soziale Welt"},{"key":"2015_CR50","volume-title":"Die akademische Elite. Zur sozialen Konstruktion wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz","author":"R M\u00fcnch","year":"2007","unstructured":"M\u00fcnch, R. (2007). Die akademische Elite. Zur sozialen Konstruktion wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp."},{"key":"2015_CR51","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Towards a multiversity? Universities between global trends and national traditions","author":"C Musselin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Musselin, C. (2007). Are universities specific organisations? In G. Kr\u00fccken, A. Kosm\u00fctzky, & M. Torka (Eds.), Towards a multiversity? Universities between global trends and national traditions (pp. 63\u201384). Bielefeld: Transcript."},{"key":"2015_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025382504110","volume":"46","author":"I Ordorika","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ordorika, I. (2003). The limits of university autonomy: Power and politics at the Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico. Higher Education, 46, 361\u2013388.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"2015_CR53","unstructured":"Orton, J. D., & Weick, K. E. (1988). Toward a theory of the loosely coupled system. Working paper No. 586, University of Michigan, School of Business Administration, Division of Research, Ann Arbor, MI."},{"issue":"2","key":"2015_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1990.4308154","volume":"15","author":"JD Orton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Orton, J. D., & Weick, K. E. (1990). Loosely coupled systems: A reconceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 15(2), 203\u2013223.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2015_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2307\/255753","volume":"21","author":"WG Ouchi","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ouchi, W. G. (1978). The transmission of control through organizational hierarchy. Academy of Management Journal, 21(2), 173\u2013192.","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"2015_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2307\/2392231","volume":"25","author":"WG Ouchi","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ouchi, W. G. (1980). Markets, clans, and hierarchies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 129\u2013141.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"2015_CR57","volume-title":"FuE- und Innovati-onsverhalten von KMU und Gro\u00dfunternehmen unter dem Einfluss der Konjunktur, Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem, ZEW, IFO, DIW, SV, Mann-heim, M\u00fcnchen","author":"C Rammer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rammer, C., Penzkopfer, H., Stephan, A., & Grenzmann, C. (2012). FuE- und Innovati-onsverhalten von KMU und Gro\u00dfunternehmen unter dem Einfluss der Konjunktur, Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem, ZEW, IFO, DIW, SV, Mann-heim, M\u00fcnchen. Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF): Berlin und Essen."},{"issue":"5","key":"2015_CR58","first-page":"1033","volume":"87","author":"SC Ray","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ray, S. C., & Desli, E. (1997). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries: Comment. American Economic Association, 87(5), 1033\u20131039.","journal-title":"American Economic Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1787\/hemp-v22-art6-en","volume":"22","author":"S Reichert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reichert, S. (2010). The intended and unintended effects of the Bologna reforms. Higher Education Management and Policy, 22(1), 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Higher Education Management and Policy"},{"key":"2015_CR60","unstructured":"Reichert, S., & Tauch, C. (2003): Trends in learning structures in European Higher Education III, Conference Presentation, Graz http:\/\/www.aic.lv\/ace\/ace_disk\/Bologna\/Bol_semin\/Oth_conf\/Graz\/Trends3pres.pdf ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2015_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02459261","volume":"40","author":"S Rousseau","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rousseau, S., & Rousseau, R. (1997). Data envelopment analysis as a tool for constructing scientometric indicators. Scientometrics, 40(1), 45\u201356.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2015_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/0003684042000217643","volume":"36","author":"GT Sav","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sav, G. T. (2004). Higher education costs and scale and scope economies. Applied Economics, 36, 607\u2013614.","journal-title":"Applied Economics"},{"key":"2015_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-2127-y","volume":"81","author":"U Schmoch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schmoch, U., & Schubert, T. (2009). Sustainability of incentives for excellent research\u2014The German case. Scientometrics, 81, 195\u2013218.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2015_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.06.007","volume":"38","author":"T Schubert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schubert, T. (2009). Empirical observations on new public management to increase efficiency in public research\u2014Boon or bane? Research Policy, 38, 1225\u20131234.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"2015_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1207-1","volume":"99","author":"T Schubert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schubert, T. (2014). Are there scale economies in scientific production? On the topic of locally increasing returns to scale. Scientometrics, 99, 393\u2013408.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2015_CR66","volume-title":"Academic capitalism: Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university","author":"S Slaughter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Slaughter, S., & Leslie, L. L. (1997). Academic capitalism: Politics, policies, and the entrepreneurial university. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"key":"2015_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1177\/001872679504800805","volume":"48","author":"JC Spender","year":"1995","unstructured":"Spender, J. C., & Grinyer, P. H. (1995). Organizational renewal\u2014top managements role in a loosely-coupled system. Human Relations, 48, 909\u2013926.","journal-title":"Human Relations"},{"key":"2015_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2391875","volume":"21","author":"KE Weick","year":"1976","unstructured":"Weick, K. E. (1976). Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, 1\u201319.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"2015_CR69","unstructured":"Weick, K. E. (1982). Management of organizational change among loosely coupled elements. In P.S. Goodman & Associates (Eds.), Change in organizations (pp. 375\u2013408). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"2015_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1126\/science.134.3473.161","volume":"21","author":"AM Weinberg","year":"1961","unstructured":"Weinberg, A. M. (1961). Impact of large-scale science on the United States. Science, 21, 161\u2013164.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2015_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-531-18770-9","volume-title":"Hochschulen als Organisation","author":"U Wilkesmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilkesmann, U., & Schmid, J. (2012). Vorwort. In U. Wilkesmann & J. Schmid (Eds.), Hochschulen als Organisation (pp. 7\u201314). Wiesbaden: Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"2015_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0013161X83019004005","volume":"19","author":"BL Wilson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wilson, B. L., & Corbett, H. D. (1983). Organization and change: The effects of school linkages on the quantity of implementation. Educational Administration Quarterly, 19(4), 85\u2013104.","journal-title":"Educational Administration Quarterly"},{"key":"2015_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-010-9337-3","volume":"61","author":"AC Worthington","year":"2011","unstructured":"Worthington, A. C., & Higgs, H. (2011). Economies of scale and scope in Australian higher education. Higher Education, 61, 387\u2013414.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"2015_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2006.09.012","volume":"27","author":"AC Worthington","year":"2008","unstructured":"Worthington, A. C., & Lee, B. L. (2008). Efficiency, technology and productivity in Australian universities, 1998\u20132003. Economics of Education Review, 27, 285\u2013298.","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"key":"2015_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.01.008","volume":"10","author":"GL Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, G. L., Ahlgren, P., Yang, L. Y., Rousseau, R., & Ding, J. L. (2016). Using multi-level frontiers in DEA models to grade countries\/territories. Journal of Informetrics, 10, 238\u2013253.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2015_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2014.05.004","volume":"8","author":"GL Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, G. L., Rousseau, R., Yang, L. Y., & Liu, W. B. (2014). A study on directional returns to scale. Journal of Informetrics, 8(3), 628\u2013641.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"2015_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.03.010","volume":"40","author":"DQ Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang, D. Q., Banker, R. D., Li, X. X., & Liu, W. B. (2011). Performance impact of research policy at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Research Policy, 40, 875\u2013885.","journal-title":"Research Policy"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2015-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2015-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2015-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T19:44:26Z","timestamp":1656704666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2015-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2015-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0138-9130"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1588-2861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]}}}