{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:33:40Z","timestamp":1778920420354,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malaysia has three main ethnic communities: Chinese, Indians and Malays. At independence in 1957, the Chinese dominated commercial life, and this led to ethnic tensions and finally riots. As a result in 1969 Malaysia introduced a \u201cNew Economic Policy\u201d (NEP) to promote Malays in all areas of activity, and in particular to assist them to obtain basic and higher education. We examined the scientific outputs from Malaysia between 1982 and 2014 and classified the names of Malaysian researchers into one of these three groups and two others. There was a major increase in Malay participation in research, which has risen from 20\u00a0% of researchers in 1982\u20131984 to 65\u00a0% in 2012\u20132014, with corresponding declines in the percentages of Chinese and Indian authors, although their absolute numbers have increased because Malaysian scientific output has increased so rapidly in the last 10\u00a0years. The huge increase in Malay researchers contrasts with their presence in the Malaysian population which has remained stable at about 50\u00a0% since 1969.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2139-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T04:49:15Z","timestamp":1475297355000},"page":"1877-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The contribution of ethnic groups to Malaysian scientific output, 1982\u20132014, and the effects of the new economic policy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4493-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant","family":"Lewison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan-Yuan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Webber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2139_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-2046-8","volume":"79","author":"G Abramo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Caprasecca, A. (2009). Gender differences in research productivity: A bibliometric analysis of the Italian academic system. Scientometrics, 79, 517\u2013539.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2139_CR2","first-page":"67","volume":"20","author":"A Abrizah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abrizah, A., Badawi, F., Zoohorian-Fooladi, N., Nicholas, D., Jamali, H. R., & Norliya, A. K. (2015). Trust and authority in the periphery of world scholarly communication: A Malaysian focus group study. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 20(2), 67\u201383.","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science"},{"key":"2139_CR3","first-page":"1459","volume":"24","author":"A Abrizah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abrizah, A., Kiran, K., Erfanmanesh, M., Zohoorian-Fooladi, N., & Zainab, A. N. (2012). A bibliometric study on the worldwide research productivity of scientists in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Elaeis oleifera. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 24, 1459\u20131472.","journal-title":"Journal of Oil Palm Research"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1108\/00012531111135727","volume":"63","author":"A Bakri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bakri, A., & Willett, P. (2011). Computer science research in Malaysia: A bibliometric analysis. Aslib Proceedings, 63(2\u20133), 321\u2013335. doi:10.1108\/00012531111135727.","journal-title":"Aslib Proceedings"},{"key":"2139_CR5","unstructured":"Basu, A., Roe, P., & Lewison, G. (2012). The Indian diaspora in cancer research: a bibliometric assessment for Canada and the USA. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators, Montr\u00e9al: Science-Metrix and OST (pp. 110-120)."},{"key":"2139_CR6","unstructured":"Batista, P.D. & Leta, J. (2009). Brazilian authors\u2019 scientific performance: does gender matter? Proceedings of the 12\nth International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (pp. 343\u2013353)."},{"key":"2139_CR7","unstructured":"EPU. (2016). New Economic Policy http:\/\/www.epu.gov.my\/en\/dasar-ekonomi-baru Retrieved 25 Jan 2016."},{"key":"2139_CR8","volume-title":"Growth and ethnic inequality: Malaysia\u2019s new economic policy","author":"J Faaland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faaland, J., Parkinson, J. R., & Saniman, R. (2003). Growth and ethnic inequality: Malaysia\u2019s new economic policy. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors."},{"key":"2139_CR9","volume-title":"The New Economic Policy in Malaysia: Affirmative action, ethnic inequalities and social justice","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomez, E. T., & Saravanamuttu, J. (Eds.). (2013). The New Economic Policy in Malaysia: Affirmative action, ethnic inequalities and social justice. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press."},{"key":"2139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-012-0893-4","volume":"96","author":"AL Hopkins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hopkins, A. L., Jawitz, J. W., McCarty, C., Goldman, A., & Basu, N. B. (2013). Disparities in publication patterns by gender, race and ethnicity based on a survey of a random sample of authors. Scientometrics, 96, 515\u2013534.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2139_CR11","volume-title":"The new economic policy and interethnic relations in Malaysia","author":"KS Jomo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jomo, K. S., & Sundaram, J. K. (2004). The new economic policy and interethnic relations in Malaysia. Geneva: UNRISD."},{"key":"2139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0437-3","volume":"89","author":"I Kissin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kissin, I. (2011). A surname-based bibliometric indicator: Publications in biomedical journals. Scientometrics, 89, 273\u2013280.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1005-9","volume":"97","author":"I Kissin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kissin, I., & Bradley, E. L., Jr. (2013). A surname-based patent-related indicator: The contribution of Jewish inventors to US patents. Scientometrics, 97, 367\u2013368.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-0994-8","volume":"97","author":"S Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar, S., & Jan, J. M. (2013). Mapping research collaborations in the business and management field in Malaysia, 1980\u20132010. Scientometrics, 97(3), 491\u2013517.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1059-8","volume":"98","author":"S Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, S., & Jan, J. M. (2014). Research collaboration networks of two OIC nations: Comparative study between Turkey and Malaysia in the field of \u2018Energy Fuels\u2019. Scientometrics, 98(1), 387\u2013414. doi:10.1007\/s11192-013-1059-8.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-02-2013-0018","volume":"33","author":"S Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar, S., & Jan, J. M. (2015). The assortativity of scholars at a research-intensive university in Malaysia. The Electronic Library, 33(2), 162\u2013180.","journal-title":"The Electronic Library"},{"issue":"7479","key":"2139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/504211a","volume":"504","author":"V Larivi\u00e8re","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larivi\u00e8re, V., Ni, C., Gingras, Y., Cronin, B., & Sugimoto, C. R. (2013). Global gender disparities in science. Nature, 504(7479), 211\u2013213.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2139_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.-A., Gomez, E. T., & Yacob, S. (2013). Ethnicity, economy, and affirmative action in Malaysia. In E. T. Gomez & R. Premdas (Eds.), Affirmative Action, Ethnicity, and Conflict (pp. 67\u201394). Abingdon: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203078839"},{"key":"2139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-40142003000300016","volume":"49","author":"J Leta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leta, J. (2003). As mulheres na ci\u00eancia brasileira: crescimento, contrastes e um perfil de sucesso. Revista de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados, 49, 271\u2013284.","journal-title":"Revista de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados"},{"key":"2139_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012794810883","volume":"52","author":"G Lewison","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lewison, G. (2001). The quantity and quality of female researchers: A bibliometric study of Iceland. Scientometrics, 52, 29\u201343.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02457379","volume":"44","author":"G Lewison","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lewison, G., & Igic, R. (1999). Yugoslav politics, \u201cethnic cleansing\u201d and co-authorship in science. Scientometrics, 44(2), 183\u2013192.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2139_CR22","unstructured":"Lewison, G. & Jacobs, D. (2011). Science in South Africa: have Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians prospered since the ending of apartheid? Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics, Durban, South Africa (pp. 418\u2013429)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0435-5","volume":"89","author":"G Lewison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lewison, G., & Markusova, V. (2011). Female researchers in Russia: Have they become more visible? Scientometrics, 89(1), 139\u2013152.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1785-1","volume":"106","author":"G Lewison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewison, G., Roe, P., Webber, R., & Sullivan, R. (2016). Lung cancer researchers, 2008-2013: Their sex and ethnicity. Scientometrics, 106, 105\u2013117.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2139_CR25","unstructured":"Markusova, V. (1997). The contribution of Russian women to science (according to the analysis of ISF grants in 1995). Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Jerusalem, Israel (pp. 257\u2013264)."},{"key":"2139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3152\/095820208X331676","volume":"17","author":"E Mauleon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mauleon, E., Bordons, M., & Oppenheim, C. (2008). The effect of gender on research staff success in life sciences in the Spanish National Research Council. Research Evaluation, 17, 213\u2013225.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2139_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0446-2","volume":"89","author":"TV Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. V., & Pham, L. T. (2011). Scientific output and its relationship to knowledge economy: an analysis of ASEAN countries. Scientometrics, 89(1), 107\u2013117. doi:10.1007\/s11192-011-0446-2.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0478-7","volume":"90","author":"H Prozesky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prozesky, H., & Boshoff, N. (2012). Bibliometrics as a tool for measuring gender-specific research performance: an example from South African invasion ecology. Scientometrics, 90(2), 383\u2013406.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2139_CR29","unstructured":"Salmah, A. (2015). A bibliometric analysis of Malaysian authorship pattern in the field of engineering, 2000\u20132010. Qualitative & Quantitative Methods in Libraries, 151\u2013159."},{"issue":"2","key":"2139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1718-z","volume":"105","author":"R Sarwar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sarwar, R., & Hassan, S. U. (2015). A bibliometric assessment of scientific productivity and international collaboration of the Islamic world in science and technology (S&T) areas. Scientometrics, 105(2), 1059\u20131077. doi:10.1007\/s11192-015-1718-z.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-014-9259-9","volume":"52","author":"JC Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin, J. C., Jung, J. S., Postiglione, G. A., & Azman, N. (2014). Research productivity of returnees from study abroad in Korea, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Minerva, 52(4), 467\u2013487. doi:10.1007\/s11024-014-9259-9.","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"key":"2139_CR32","unstructured":"von Braun, J., & Thorat, S. (2014). Policy implications of exclusion and resilience. In S. Fan, R. Pandya-Lorch & S. Yosef (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference \u201cBuilding Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security\u201d, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, May 2014. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute."},{"key":"2139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3152\/147154401781776999","volume":"10","author":"BM Webster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Webster, B. M. (2001). Polish women in science: A bibliometric analysis of Polish science and its publications, 1980-1999. Research Evaluation, 10, 185\u2013194.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2139_CR34","first-page":"35","volume":"12","author":"N Yazit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yazit, N., & Zainab, A. N. (2007). Publication productivity of Malaysian authors and institutions in LIS. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 12(2), 35\u201355.","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2011.00943.x","volume":"28","author":"H Zainal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zainal, H., & Zainab, A. N. (2011). Biomedical and health sciences publication productivity from Malaysia. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 28(3), 216\u2013225. doi:10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2011.00943.x.","journal-title":"Health Information and Libraries Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"2139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113514101","volume":"33","author":"SH Zyoud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zyoud, S. H., Al-Jabi, S. W., Sweileh, W. M., & Awang, R. (2014). A bibliometric analysis of research productivity of Malaysian publications in leading toxicology journals during a 10-year period (2003\u20132012). Human and Experimental Toxicology, 33(12), 1284\u20131293. doi:10.1177\/0960327113514101.","journal-title":"Human and Experimental Toxicology"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2139-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2139-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2139-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T09:11:55Z","timestamp":1610010715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2139-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2139-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2016","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}