{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T22:34:35Z","timestamp":1783982075571,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,9]],"date-time":"2017-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea government (MSIP)","award":["No. 2011-0030814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2011-0030814"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2514-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T15:12:39Z","timestamp":1505142759000},"page":"783-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Identifying dynamic knowledge flow patterns of business method patents with a hidden Markov model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Yoonjung","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mintak","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-8021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongtae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2514_CR1","first-page":"987","volume":"18","author":"JR Allison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allison, J. R., & Tiller, E. H. (2003). The business method patent myth. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 18(4), 987\u20131084.","journal-title":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal"},{"issue":"477","key":"2514_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000001086","volume":"102","author":"RM Altman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altman, R. M. (2007). Mixed hidden Markov models: an extension of the hidden Markov model to the longitudinal data setting. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102(477), 201\u2013210.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR3","first-page":"41","volume":"53","author":"R Amit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(3), 41\u201349.","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"2514_CR4","first-page":"253","volume":"7","author":"MA Bagley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bagley, M. A. (2000). Internet business model patents obvious by analogy. Michigan Telecommunications Technology Law Review, 7, 253\u2013288.","journal-title":"Michigan Telecommunications Technology Law Review"},{"issue":"510","key":"2514_CR5","first-page":"126","volume":"4","author":"JA Bilmes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bilmes, J. A. (1998). A gentle tutorial of the EM algorithm and its application to parameter estimation for Gaussian mixture and hidden Markov models. International Computer Science Institute, 4(510), 126.","journal-title":"International Computer Science Institute"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/ietisy\/e89-d.3.869","volume":"89","author":"JA Bilmes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bilmes, J. A. (2006). What HMMs can do. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 89(3), 869\u2013891.","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"},{"key":"2514_CR7","unstructured":"Blunsom, P. (2004). Hidden markov models. The University of Melbourne, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering. Available online http:\/\/www.cs.mu.oz.au\/460\/2004\/materials\/hmm-tutorial.pdf . Accessed in September 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2008.03.014","volume":"76","author":"SB Chang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chang, S. B., Lai, K. K., & Chang, S. M. (2009). Exploring technology diffusion and classification of business methods: Using the patent citation network. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(1), 107\u2013117.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR9","first-page":"85","volume":"52","author":"H Chesbrough","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chesbrough, H. (2011). Bringing open innovation to services. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(2), 85\u201390.","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.05.008","volume":"42","author":"P Desyllas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Desyllas, P., & Sako, M. (2013). Profiting from business model innovation: Evidence from Pay-As-You-Drive auto insurance. Research Policy, 42(1), 101\u2013116.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2514_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/1043859042000307347","volume":"14","author":"E Duguet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duguet, E., & MacGarvie, M. (2005). How well do patent citations measure flows of technology? Evidence from French innovation surveys. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 14(5), 375\u2013393.","journal-title":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology"},{"key":"2514_CR12","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Knowledge spillovers through R&D networking","author":"M Dumont","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dumont, M., & Tsakanikas, A. (2001). Knowledge spillovers through R&D networking (p. 209). Innovative Networks: Co-operation in National Innovation Systems."},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-012-0796-4","volume":"95","author":"P \u00c9rdi","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00c9rdi, P., Makovi, K., Somogyv\u00e1ri, Z., Strandburg, K., Tobochnik, J., Volf, P., et al. (2013). Prediction of emerging technologies based on analysis of the US patent citation network. Scientometrics, 95(1), 225\u2013242.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2514_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink, G. A. (2014). Hidden Markov models. In Markov models for pattern recognition (pp. 71\u2013106). London: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6308-4_5"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110302741","volume":"11","author":"S Ghassempour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghassempour, S., Girosi, F., & Maeder, A. (2014). Clustering multivariate time series using hidden Markov models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(3), 2741\u20132763.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2514_CR16","first-page":"16","volume":"1","author":"BH Hall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2005). Market value and patent citations. RAND Journal of Economics, 1, 16\u201338.","journal-title":"RAND Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2514_CR17","volume-title":"Data mining: Concepts and techniques","author":"J Han","year":"2011","unstructured":"Han, J., Kamber, M., & Pei, J. (2011). Data mining: Concepts and techniques (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1265-z","volume":"100","author":"MHC Ho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ho, M. H. C., Lin, V. H., & Liu, J. S. (2014). Exploring knowledge diffusion among nations: A study of core technologies in fuel cells. Scientometrics, 100(1), 149\u2013171.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2514_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w7631","volume-title":"The meaning of patent citations: Report on the NBER\/case-western reserve survey of patentees (No. w7631)","author":"AB Jaffe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., & Fogarty, M. S. (2000). The meaning of patent citations: Report on the NBER\/case-western reserve survey of patentees (No. w7631). Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research."},{"key":"2514_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23430-9_25","volume-title":"Handbook of regional science","author":"C Karlsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karlsson, C., & Gr\u00e5sj\u00f6, U. (2014). Knowledge flows, knowledge externalities, and regional economic development. In M. M. Fischer & P. Nijkamp (Eds.), Handbook of regional science (pp. 413\u2013437). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"2514_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.08.091","volume":"41","author":"N Ko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko, N., Yoon, J., & Seo, W. (2014). Analyzing interdisciplinarity of technology fusion using knowledge flows of patents. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(4), 1955\u20131963.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(03)00045-9","volume":"25","author":"VB Kreng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kreng, V. B., & Tsai, C. M. (2003). The construct and application of knowledge diffusion model. Expert Systems with Applications, 25(2), 177\u2013186.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2514_CR23","volume-title":"E-commerce 2013: Business, technology, society","author":"KC Laudon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laudon, K. C., & Traver, C. G. (2013). E-commerce 2013: Business, technology, society (9th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.","edition":"9"},{"key":"2514_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21219-2_58","volume-title":"Hybrid artificial intelligent systems","author":"YS Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, Y. S., & Cho, S. B. (2011). Activity recognition using hierarchical hidden Markov models on a smartphone with 3D accelerometer. In E. Corchado, M. Kurzynski & M. Wozniak (Eds.), Hybrid artificial intelligent systems (pp. 460\u2013467). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"2514_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.01.024","volume":"106","author":"C Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, C., Kim, J., Kwon, O., & Woo, H. G. (2016). Stochastic technology life cycle analysis using multiple patent indicators. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 106, 53\u201364.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2016.1194974","volume":"29","author":"C Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, C., Kim, J., Noh, M., Woo, H. G., & Gang, K. (2017). Patterns of technology life cycles: Stochastic analysis based on patent citations. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 29(1), 53\u201367.","journal-title":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"2514_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2011.02.002","volume":"78","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, H. J., Lee, S., & Yoon, B. (2011). Technology clustering based on evolutionary patterns: The case of information and communications technologies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(6), 953\u2013967.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2011.12.002","volume":"63","author":"S Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, S., Lee, H. J., & Yoon, B. (2012). Modeling and analyzing technology innovation in the energy sector: Patent-based HMM approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 63(3), 564\u2013577.","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"2514_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48412-4_21","volume-title":"Advances in intelligent data analysis","author":"C Li","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li, C., & Biswas, G. (1999). Temporal pattern generation using hidden Markov model based unsupervised classification. In D. J. Hand, J. N. Kok & M. R. Berthold (Eds.), Advances in intelligent data analysis (pp. 245\u2013256). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1761-9","volume":"105","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, X., Jiang, S., Chen, H., Larson, C. A., & Roco, M. C. (2015). Modeling knowledge diffusion in scientific innovation networks an institutional comparison between China and US with illustration for nanotechnology. Scientometrics, 105(3), 1953\u20131984.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/10438590210897","volume":"11","author":"C Macdissi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Macdissi, C., & Negassi, S. (2002). International R&D spillovers: An empirical study. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 11(2), 77\u201391.","journal-title":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology"},{"key":"2514_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17875\/gup2009-216","volume-title":"Applications of state space models in finance: An empirical analysis of the time-varying relationship between macroeconomics","author":"S Mergner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mergner, S. (2009). Applications of state space models in finance: An empirical analysis of the time-varying relationship between macroeconomics. Fundamentals and Pan-European Industry Portfolios: Universit\u00e4tsverlag G\u00f6ttingen."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2514_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02457966","volume":"41","author":"F Narin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Narin, F., & Olivastro, D. (1998). Linkage between patents and papers: An interim EPO\/US comparison. Scientometrics, 41(1\u20132), 51\u201359.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2514_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2012.06.002","volume":"34","author":"GF Nemet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nemet, G. F. (2012). Inter-technology knowledge spillovers for energy technologies. Energy Economics, 34(5), 1259\u20131270.","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR35","first-page":"181","volume":"97","author":"HJ No","year":"2015","unstructured":"No, H. J., An, Y., & Park, Y. (2015). A structured approach to explore knowledge flows through technology-based business methods. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 97(1), 181\u2013192.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"2514_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plasmans, J., & Lukach, R. (2010). The patterns of inter-firm and inter-industry knowledge flows in the Netherlands. CESIFO Working Paper.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1612177"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626","volume":"77","author":"L Rabiner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rabiner, L. (1989). A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE, 77(2), 257\u2013286.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","volume":"6","author":"G Schwarz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schwarz, G. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics, 6(2), 461\u2013464.","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.01.027","volume":"34","author":"CM Tsai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsai, C. M. (2008). Integrating intra-firm and inter-firm knowledge diffusion into the knowledge diffusion model. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(2), 1423\u20131433.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2514_CR40","unstructured":"USPTO. (2016). Manual of patent classification. http:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/web\/patents\/classification\/selectnumwithtitle.htm ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026232526034","volume":"58","author":"A Verbeek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verbeek, A., Debackere, K., & Luwel, M. (2003). Science cited in patents: A geographic \u201cflow\u201d analysis of bibliographic citation patterns in patents. Scientometrics, 58(2), 241\u2013263.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1625(98)00046-8","volume":"60","author":"B Verspagen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Verspagen, B., & De Loo, I. (1999). Technology spillovers between sectors. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 60(3), 215\u2013235.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1054010","volume":"13","author":"AJ Viterbi","year":"1967","unstructured":"Viterbi, A. J. (1967). Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 13(2), 260\u2013269.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/10438590600984042","volume":"17","author":"S Wagner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wagner, S. (2008). Business method patents in Europe and their strategic use\u2014evidence from franking device manufacturers. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 17(3), 173\u2013194.","journal-title":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2514_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-011-0080-5","volume":"3","author":"CC Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, C. C., Huang, M. H., & Chen, D. Z. (2012). The evolution of knowledge spillover and company cluster in semiconductor industry. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(2), 109\u2013124.","journal-title":"Journal of the Knowledge Economy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2514_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1108\/17410390510571529","volume":"18","author":"YCJ Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu, Y. C. J. (2005). Unlocking the value of business model patents in e-commerce. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 18(1), 113\u2013130.","journal-title":"Journal of Enterprise Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"2514_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1763-7","volume":"105","author":"GC Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, G. C., Li, G., Li, C. Y., Zhao, Y. H., Zhang, J., Liu, T., et al. (2015). Using the comprehensive patent citation network (CPC) to evaluate patent value. Scientometrics, 105(3), 1319\u20131346.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2514_CR48","volume-title":"Hidden Markov models for time series: An introduction using R","author":"W Zucchini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zucchini, W., MacDonald, I. L., & Langrock, R. (2016). Hidden Markov models for time series: An introduction using R (Vol. 150). Boca Raton: CRC Press."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2514-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2514-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2514-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T16:57:29Z","timestamp":1659459449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2514-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2514-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,9]]}}}