{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T03:27:28Z","timestamp":1768706848967,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009028","name":"Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2885-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T15:19:27Z","timestamp":1533914367000},"page":"825-843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The choice of examiner patent citations for refusals: evidence from the trilateral offices"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4402-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2885_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.88.4.774","volume":"88","author":"J Alcacer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alcacer, J., & Gittelman, M. (2006). Patent citations as a measure of knowledge flows: The influence of examiner citations. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(4), 774\u2013779.","journal-title":"The Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2885_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2013.01.003","volume":"42","author":"CA Cotropia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cotropia, C. A., Lemley, M. A., & Sampat, B. (2013). Do applicant patent citations matter? Research Policy, 42(4), 844\u2013854.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"10","key":"2885_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2008.07.011","volume":"37","author":"P Criscuolo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Criscuolo, P., & Verspagen, B. (2008). Does it matter where patent citations come from? Inventor vs. examiner citations in European patents. Research Policy, 37(10), 1892\u20131908.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"2885_CR4","unstructured":"Dernis, H., & Khan, M. (2004). Triadic patent families methodology. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2004\/02. Paris: OECD Publishing."},{"issue":"3","key":"2885_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00605","volume":"99","author":"MD Frakes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frakes, M. D., & Wasserman, M. F. (2017). Is the time allocated to review patent applications inducing examiners to grant invalid patents? Evidence from micro-level application data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(3), 550\u2013563.","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"2885_CR6","unstructured":"Graham, S. J. H., Marco, A. C., & Miller, R. (2015). The USPTO patent examination research dataset: A window on the process of patent examination. Georgia Tech Scheller College of Business Research Paper, No. WP 43."},{"issue":"3","key":"2885_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2009.08.019","volume":"105","author":"D Hegde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hegde, D., & Sampat, B. (2009). Examiner citations, applicant citations, and the private value of patents. Economics Letters, 105(3), 287\u2013289.","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"2885_CR8","first-page":"984","volume":"76","author":"A Jaffe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jaffe, A. (1986). Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: Evidence from firms\u2019 patents, profits, and market value. American Economic Review, 76(5), 984\u20131001.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2885_CR9","first-page":"679","volume":"15","author":"PH Jensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jensen, P. H., Palangkaraya, A., & Webster, E. (2005). Disharmony in international patent office decisions. Federal Circuit Bar Journal, 15, 679.","journal-title":"Federal Circuit Bar Journal"},{"key":"2885_CR10","unstructured":"Kuhn, J. M., Younge, K. A., & Marco, A. C. (2017). Patent citations reexamined: New data and methods. SSRN. \n                    https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2714954\n                    \n                  . Accessed 15 Jan 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"2885_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00194","volume":"94","author":"MA Lemley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lemley, M. A., & Sampat, B. (2012). Examiner characteristics and patent office outcomes. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(3), 817\u2013827.","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"2885_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Q., Myers, A. F., & Beliveau, S. (2017). USPTO patent prosecution research data: Unlocking office action traits. USPTO Economic Working Paper, No. 10.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3024621"},{"key":"2885_CR13","unstructured":"Marco, A. C., Sarnoff, J. D., & deGrazia, C. (2016). Patent claims and patent scope. USPTO Economic Working Paper, 2016-04."},{"issue":"1","key":"2885_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017219","volume":"30","author":"F Narin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Narin, F. (1994). Patent bibliometrics. Scientometrics, 30(1), 147\u2013155.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2885_CR15","unstructured":"Thompson, N., & Kuhn, J. (2017). Does winning a patent race lead to more follow-on innovation? SSRN. \n                    https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2899088\n                    \n                  . Accessed 15 Jan 2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"2885_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-1858-9","volume":"107","author":"T Wada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wada, T. (2016). Obstacles to prior art searching by the trilateral patent offices: Empirical evidence from International Search Reports. Scientometrics, 107(2), 701\u2013722.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"2885_CR17","unstructured":"Wada, T. (2017). The choice of examiner citations for refusals: Evidence from the trilateral offices. In: Proceedings of ISSI 2017: The 16th international conference on scientometrics and informetrics (pp. 950\u2013957). Wuhan University, China."},{"issue":"5","key":"2885_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127298","volume":"10","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, J., Thijs, B., & Gl\u00e4nzel, W. (2015). Interdisciplinarity and impact: Distinct effects of variety, balance, and disparity. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0127298.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2885_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-2171.12053","volume":"45","author":"E Webster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Webster, E., Jensen, P. H., & Palangkaraya, A. (2014). Patent examination outcomes and the national treatment principle. RAND Journal of Economics, 45, 449\u2013469.","journal-title":"RAND Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2885_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2006.11.008","volume":"95","author":"E Webster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Webster, E., Palangkaraya, A., & Jensen, P. H. (2007). Characteristics of international patent application outcomes. Economics Letters, 95, 362\u2013368.","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"2885_CR21","unstructured":"World Intellectual Property Organization. (2017). World intellectual property indicators 2017. WIPO Publication, No. 941E\/17."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2885-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2885-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2885-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T21:22:43Z","timestamp":1589664163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2885-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2885-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2018","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}