{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T03:44:29Z","timestamp":1768707869800,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]],"date-time":"2019-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03102-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T14:03:58Z","timestamp":1557151438000},"page":"19-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Sources of inventive novelty: two patent classification schemas, same story"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0814-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Strumsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3102_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0172-2190(00)00110-1","volume":"23","author":"S Adams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adams, S. (2001). Comparing the IPC and the US classification systems for the patent searcher. World Patent Information,\n                           23, 15\u201323.","journal-title":"World Patent Information"},{"key":"3102_CR2","volume-title":"Natural language semantics","author":"K Allan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allan, K. (2002). Natural language semantics. Oxford: Wiley."},{"key":"3102_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"JR Allison","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allison, J. R., & Lemley, M. A. (2002). The growing complexity of the United States patent system. Boston University Law Review,\n                           82, 1\u201377.","journal-title":"Boston University Law Review"},{"key":"3102_CR4","volume-title":"Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention","author":"K Arrow","year":"1959","unstructured":"Arrow, K. (1959). Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation Report."},{"key":"3102_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2006.11.005","volume":"36","author":"B Arthur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arthur, B. (2007). The structure of invention. Research Policy,\n                           36, 274\u2013287.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3102_CR6","volume-title":"The nature of technology: What it is and how it evolves","author":"WB Arthur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arthur, W. B. (2009). The nature of technology: What it is and how it evolves. New York: Free Press."},{"key":"3102_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107049864","volume-title":"The evolution of technology","author":"G Basalla","year":"1989","unstructured":"Basalla, G. (1989). The evolution of technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR8","volume-title":"Pattern recognition and machine learning","author":"C Bishop","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bishop, C. (2006). Pattern recognition and machine learning. New York: Springer."},{"key":"3102_CR9","volume-title":"Cultural evolution: Society, technology, language, and religion","author":"R Boyd","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boyd, R., Richerson, P. J., & Henrich, J. (2013). The cultural evolution of technology. In P. J. Richerson & M. H. Christiansen (Eds.), Cultural evolution: Society, technology, language, and religion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"3102_CR10","volume-title":"Technology in world history (Vols. 1\u20137)","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carlson, W. B. (Ed.). (2005). Technology in world history (Vols. 1\u20137). New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4991.2011.00490.x","volume":"58","author":"A Copeland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Copeland, A., & Fixler, D. (2012). Measuring the price of research and development output. Review of Income and Wealth,\n                           58, 166\u2013182.","journal-title":"Review of Income and Wealth"},{"key":"3102_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.342.6165.1432","volume":"342","author":"J Couzin-Frankel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Couzin-Frankel, J. (2013). Cancer immunotherapy. Science,\n                           342, 1432\u20131433.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3102_CR13","first-page":"1360","volume":"68","author":"G de Rassenfosse","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Rassenfosse, G., & Jaffe, A. (2017). Patent citation data in social science research: Overview and best practices. Advances in Information Science,\n                           68, 1360\u20131374.","journal-title":"Advances in Information Science"},{"key":"3102_CR14","volume-title":"A short history of technology from the earliest times to A.D. 1900","author":"TK Derry","year":"1961","unstructured":"Derry, T. K. (1961). A short history of technology from the earliest times to A.D. 1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0172-2190(94)90184-8","volume":"16","author":"DT Dickens","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dickens, D. T. (1994). The ECLA classification system. World Patent Information,\n                           16, 28\u201332.","journal-title":"World Patent Information"},{"key":"3102_CR16","unstructured":"European Patent Office. (2017). Guide to the CPC (Cooperative Patent Classification).\n                           \n                    www.cooperativepatentclassification.org\/publications\/GuideToTheCPC.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"3102_CR17","volume-title":"Identification and analysis of technology emergence using patent classification","author":"CA Eusebi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eusebi, C. A., & Silberglitt, R. (2014). Identification and analysis of technology emergence using patent classification. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation."},{"key":"3102_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0172-2190(01)00068-0","volume":"24","author":"L Falasco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Falasco, L. (2002a). Bases of the United States patent classification. World Patent Information,\n                           24, 31\u201333.","journal-title":"World Patent Information"},{"key":"3102_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0172-2190(02)00007-8","volume":"24","author":"L Falasco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Falasco, L. (2002b). United States patent classification: System organization. World Patent Information,\n                           24, 111\u2013117.","journal-title":"World Patent Information"},{"key":"3102_CR20","first-page":"682","volume":"30","author":"L Fleming","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fleming, L. (2001). Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Science,\n                           30, 682\u2013695.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"3102_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2014.11.024","volume":"76","author":"J Guan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guan, J., & Liu, N. (2015). Invention profiles and uneven growth in the field of emerging nano-energy. Energy Policy,\n                           76, 146\u2013157.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"3102_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2016.1260106","author":"KR Harrigan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrigan, K. R., Di Guardo, M. C., Maku, E., & Velez, B. N. (2016). Using a distance measure to operationalise patent originality. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537325.2016.1260106\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management"},{"key":"3102_CR24","unstructured":"Harris, C. G., Arens, R., & Srinivasan, P. (2010). Comparison of IPC and USPC classification systems in patent prior art searches. In Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on patent information retrieval. New York: Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"3102_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-017-3838-2","volume":"19","author":"B J\u00fcrgens","year":"2017","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgens, B., & Herrero-Solana, V. (2017). Monitoring nanotechnology using patent classifications: An overview and comparison of nanotechnology classification schemes. Journal of Nanoparticle Research,\n                           19, 151. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11051-017-3838-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research"},{"key":"3102_CR63","unstructured":"Kappos, D. (2012). Full speed ahead for 2012. \n                    https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/blog\/director\/entry\/full_speed_ahead_for_2012\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"3102_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139176132","volume-title":"The lifeways of hunter-gatherers: The foraging spectrum","author":"R Kelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly, R. (2013). The lifeways of hunter-gatherers: The foraging spectrum. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"D Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, D., Cerigo, D. B., Jeong, H., & Youn, H. (2016). Technological novelty profile and invention\u2019s future impact. European Physics Journal Data Science,\n                           5, 1\u201315.","journal-title":"European Physics Journal Data Science"},{"key":"3102_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2012.755832","volume":"21","author":"DF Kogler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kogler, D. F., Rigby, D. L., & Tucker, I. (2013). Mapping knowledge space and technological relatedness in US cities. European Planning Studies,\n                           21, 1374\u20131391.","journal-title":"European Planning Studies"},{"key":"3102_CR29","volume-title":"Technology in Western civilization: The emergence of modern industrial society, earliest times to 1900","author":"M Kranzberg","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kranzberg, M. (1967). Technology in Western civilization: The emergence of modern industrial society, earliest times to 1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2307\/3102759","volume":"15","author":"ET Layton","year":"1974","unstructured":"Layton, E. T. (1974). Technology as knowledge. Technology and Culture,\n                           15, 31\u201341.","journal-title":"Technology and Culture"},{"key":"3102_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemley, M. (2012). Point of novelty. Stanford Public Law working paper no. 1735045.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1735045"},{"key":"3102_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2449-0","volume":"112","author":"L Leydesdorff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., Kogler, D. F., & Yan, B. (2017). Mapping patent classifications: Portfolio and statistical analysis, and the comparison of strengths and weaknesses. Scientometrics,\n                           112, 1573\u20131591.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3102_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-017-0266-3","volume":"28","author":"J Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo, J., & Wood, K. L. (2017). The growing complexity in the invention process. Research in Engineering Design,\n                           28, 421\u2013435.","journal-title":"Research in Engineering Design"},{"key":"3102_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2013.01.006","volume":"42","author":"RC MacNamee","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacNamee, R. C. (2013). Can\u2019t see the forest for the leaves: Similarity and distance measures for hierarchical taxonomies with a patent classification example. Research Policy,\n                           42, 855\u2013873.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3102_CR35","volume-title":"The lever of riches: Technological creativity and economic progress","author":"J Mokyr","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mokyr, J. (1990). The lever of riches: Technological creativity and economic progress. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.06.082","volume":"137","author":"SC Mueller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mueller, S. C., Sandner, P. G., & Welpe, I. M. (2015). Monitoring innovation in electrochemical energy storage technologies: A patent-based approach. Applied Energy,\n                           137, 537\u2013544.","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"3102_CR37","volume-title":"Social change","author":"WF Ogburn","year":"1922","unstructured":"Ogburn, W. F. (1922). Social change. New York: Dell Books."},{"key":"3102_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009829601155","volume":"5","author":"O Olsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Olsson, O. (2000). Knowledge as a set in idea space: An epistemological view on growth. Journal of Economic Growth,\n                           5, 253\u2013275.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Growth"},{"key":"3102_CR39","volume-title":"Technology in world civilization: A thousand-tear history","author":"A Pacey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pacey, A. (1990). Technology in world civilization: A thousand-tear history. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"3102_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2013.854878","volume":"49","author":"DL Rigby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rigby, D. L. (2015). Technological relatedness and knowledge space: Entry and exit of US cities from patent classes. Regional Studies,\n                           49, 1922\u20131937.","journal-title":"Regional Studies"},{"key":"3102_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.100.2.94","volume":"100","author":"Paul Romer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Romer, Paul. (2010). What parts of globalization matter for catch-up growth? American Economic Review,\n                           100, 94\u201398.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"3102_CR42","volume-title":"A history of patent classification in the United States Patent and Trademark Office","author":"IJ Rotkin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rotkin, I. J., & Dood, K. J. (1999). A history of patent classification in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Arlington: Patent Documentation Society."},{"key":"3102_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674432833","volume-title":"Invention and economic growth","author":"J Schmookler","year":"1966","unstructured":"Schmookler, J. (1966). Invention and economic growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.05.013","volume":"39","author":"W Schoenmakers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schoenmakers, W., & Duysters, G. (2010). The technological origins of radical inventions. Research Policy,\n                           39, 1051\u20131059.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3102_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1086\/jar.42.1.3630378","volume":"42","author":"M Shott","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shott, M. (1986). Technological organization and settlement mobility: An ethnographic examination. Journal of Anthropological Research,\n                           42, 15\u201351.","journal-title":"Journal of Anthropological Research"},{"key":"3102_CR46","first-page":"563","volume":"106","author":"HJE Simmons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simmons, H. J. E. (2014). Categorizing the useful arts: Past, present, and future development of patent classification in the United States. Law Library Journal,\n                           106, 563\u2013577.","journal-title":"Law Library Journal"},{"key":"3102_CR47","unstructured":"Singer, C., Holmyard, E. J., Hall, A. R., & Williams, T. I. (Eds.) (1954\u20131959). A history of technology (Vols. I\u2013V). Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"3102_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2015.05.008","volume":"44","author":"D Strumsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strumsky, D., & Lobo, J. (2015). Identifying the sources of technological novelty in the process of Invention. Research Policy,\n                           44, 1445\u20131461.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3102_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2011.578709","volume":"21","author":"D Strumsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strumsky, D., Lobo, J., & van der Leeuw, S. (2012). Using patent technology codes to study technological change. Economics of Innovation and New Technology,\n                           21, 267\u2013286.","journal-title":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology"},{"key":"3102_CR50","unstructured":"United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. (2016). BASCOM global internet services v. AT&TMobility LLC, 827 F .3d 1341."},{"key":"3102_CR51","volume-title":"The classification of patents","author":"United States Patent and Trademark Office","year":"1946","unstructured":"United States Patent and Trademark Office. (1946). The classification of patents. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"key":"3102_CR52","volume-title":"Development and use of patent classification systems","author":"United States Patent and Trademark Office","year":"1966","unstructured":"United States Patent and Trademark Office. (1966). Development and use of patent classification systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"key":"3102_CR53","volume-title":"Examination guidelines for computer-related inventions","author":"United States Patent and Trademark Office","year":"1996","unstructured":"United States Patent and Trademark Office. (1996). Examination guidelines for computer-related inventions. Washington, DC: United States Patent and Trademark Office."},{"key":"3102_CR54","volume-title":"Handbook of classification","author":"United States Patent and Trademark Office","year":"2005","unstructured":"United States Patent and Trademark Office. (2005). Handbook of classification. Washington, DC: United States Patent and Trademark Office."},{"key":"3102_CR55","volume-title":"Overview of the U.S. patent classification system","author":"United States Patent and Trademark Office","year":"2012","unstructured":"United States Patent and Trademark Office. (2012). Overview of the U.S. patent classification system. Washington, DC: United States Patent and Trademark Office."},{"key":"3102_CR56","volume-title":"A history of mechanical inventions","author":"AP Usher","year":"1954","unstructured":"Usher, A. P. (1954). A history of mechanical inventions. New York, NY: Dover Publication."},{"key":"3102_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240474","volume":"342","author":"B Uzzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uzzi, B., Mukherjee, S., Stringer, M., & Jones, B. (2013). Atypical combinations and scientific impact. Science,\n                           342, 468\u2013472.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3102_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2015.11.010","volume":"45","author":"D Verhoven","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verhoven, D., Bakker, J., & Veugelers, R. (2016). Measuring technological novelty with patent-based indicators. Research Policy,\n                           45, 707\u2013723.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3102_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0172-2190(90)90285-S","volume":"12","author":"W Vijvers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vijvers, W. (1990). The international patent classification as a search tool. World Patent Information,\n                           12, 26\u201330.","journal-title":"World Patent Information"},{"key":"3102_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1162\/003355398555595","volume":"113","author":"ML Weitzman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weitzman, M. L. (1998). Recombinant growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics,\n                           113, 331\u2013360.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"3102_CR61","volume-title":"What is technology?","author":"G Wilson","year":"1855","unstructured":"Wilson, G. (1855). What is technology?. Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox."},{"key":"3102_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0272","author":"H Youn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Youn, H., Strumky, D., Bettencourt, L. M. A., & Lobo, J. (2015). Invention as a combinatorial process: Evidence from US patents. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2015.0272\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03102-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03102-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03102-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T23:27:11Z","timestamp":1588462031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03102-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03102-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}