{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:53:31Z","timestamp":1769388811934,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03208-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T05:05:13Z","timestamp":1566623113000},"page":"433-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Universities through the eyes of bibliographic databases: a retroactive growth comparison of Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Enrique","family":"Orduna-Malea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selenay","family":"Aytac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clara Y.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3208_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0582-8","volume":"91","author":"IF Aguillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aguillo, I. F. (2012). Is Google Scholar useful for bibliometrics? A webometric analysis. Scientometrics,\n                           91(2), 343\u2013351. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0582-8\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3208_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/03797720802254031","volume":"33","author":"IF Aguillo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aguillo, I. F., Ortega, J. L., & Fern\u00e1ndez, M. (2008). Webometric ranking of world universities: Introduction, methodology, and future developments. Higher Education in Europe,\n                           33(2\u20133), 233\u2013244. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03797720802254031\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Higher Education in Europe"},{"issue":"2","key":"3208_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1537-2","volume":"103","author":"N Amara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amara, N., Landry, R., & Halilem, N. (2015). What can university administrators do to increase the publication and citation scores of their faculty members? Scientometrics,\n                           103(2), 489\u2013530. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-015-1537-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1108\/07378831211213210","volume":"30","author":"K Arlitsch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arlitsch, K., & O\u2019Brian, P. S. (2012). Invisible institutional repositories: Addressing the low indexing ratios of IRs in Google. Library Hi Tech,\n                           30(1), 60\u201381. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/07378831211213210\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Library Hi Tech"},{"key":"3208_CR5","volume-title":"An examination of international scientific collaboration in a developing country (Turkey) in the post Internet era","author":"S Aytac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aytac, S. (2010). An examination of international scientific collaboration in a developing country (Turkey) in the post Internet era. Brookville, NY: Long Island University."},{"issue":"2","key":"3208_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1089-2","volume":"98","author":"JC De Winter","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Winter, J. C., Zadpoor, A. A., & Dodou, D. (2014). The expansion of Google Scholar versus Web of Science: A longitudinal study. Scientometrics,\n                           98(2), 1547\u20131565. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1089-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3208_CR7","volume-title":"Springer handbook of science and technology indicators","author":"E Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E., Orduna-Malea, E., & Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A. (2019). Google scholar as a data source for research assessment. In W. Gl\u00e4nzel, H. F. Moed, U. Schmoch, & M. Thelwall (Eds.), Springer handbook of science and technology indicators. Heidelberg: Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"3208_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.07.003","volume":"10","author":"F Franceschini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Franceschini, F., Maisano, D., & Mastrogiacomo, L. (2016a). Empirical analysis and classification of database errors in Scopus and Web of Science. Journal of Informetrics,\n                           10(4), 933\u2013953. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2016.07.003\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2015.11.006","volume":"10","author":"F Franceschini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Franceschini, F., Maisano, D., & Mastrogiacomo, L. (2016b). The museum of errors\/horrors in Scopus. Journal of Informetrics,\n                           10(1), 174\u2013182. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2015.11.006\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2958-5","volume":"118","author":"M Gusenbauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gusenbauer, M. (2019). Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases. Scientometrics,\n                           118(1), 177\u2013214. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2958-5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3208_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-012-0777-7","volume":"94","author":"AW Harzing","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harzing, A. W. (2013). A preliminary test of Google Scholar as a source for citation data: a longitudinal study of Nobel prize winners. Scientometrics,\n                           94(3), 1057\u20131075. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-012-0777-7\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-0975-y","volume":"98","author":"AW Harzing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harzing, A. W. (2014). A longitudinal study of Google Scholar coverage between 2012 and 2013. Scientometrics,\n                           98(1), 565\u2013575. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-013-0975-y\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3208_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/frma.2018.00023","volume":"3","author":"DW Hook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hook, D. W., Porter, S. J., & Herzog, C. (2018). Dimensions: Building context for search and evaluation. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics,\n                           3, 23. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frma.2018.00023\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521011024191","volume":"34","author":"P Jacs\u00f3","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jacs\u00f3, P. (2010). Metadata mega mess in Google Scholar. Online Information Review,\n                           34(1), 175\u2013191. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14684521011024191\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"3208_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3989\/redc.2016.4.1405","volume":"39","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Ayll\u00f3n, J. M., & Delgado L\u00f3pez-Cozar, E. (2016). A two-sided academic landscape: snapshot of highly-cited documents in Google Scholar (1950-2013). Revista espa\u00f1ola de documentaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica,\n                           39(4), 1\u201321. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3989\/redc.2016.4.1405\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Revista espa\u00f1ola de documentaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica"},{"issue":"2","key":"3208_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2415-x","volume":"112","author":"J Mingers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mingers, J., & Meyer, M. (2017). Normalizing Google Scholar data for use in research evaluation. Scientometrics,\n                           112(2), 1111\u20131121. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2415-x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3208_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2532-6","volume":"113","author":"J Mingers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mingers, J., O\u2019Hanley, J. R., & Okunola, M. (2017). Using Google Scholar institutional level data to evaluate the quality of university research. Scientometrics,\n                           113(3), 1627\u20131643. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2532-6\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1765-5","volume":"106","author":"P Mongeon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mongeon, P., & Paul-Hus, A. (2016). The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics,\n                           106(1), 213\u2013228. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-015-1765-5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3208_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3103\/S0147688209040029","volume":"36","author":"VM Moskovkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moskovkin, V. M. (2009). The potential of using the Google Scholar search engine for estimating the publication activities of universities. Scientific and Technical Information Processing,\n                           36(4), 198\u2013202. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3103\/S0147688209040029\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientific and Technical Information Processing"},{"key":"3208_CR20","unstructured":"Moskovkin, V. M., Delux, T., & Moskovkina, M. V. (2012). Comparative analysis of university publication activity by google scholar: (On Example of Leading Czech and Germany Universities). Cybermetrics: International Journal of Scientometrics, Informetrics and Bibliometrics, 16(1), 1\u20139. \n                    http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10261\/174558"},{"issue":"6","key":"3208_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-10-2016-0302","volume":"41","author":"E Orduna-Malea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orduna-Malea, E., Ayllon, J. M., Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., & Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. (2017a). The lost academic home: Institutional affiliation links in Google Scholar Citations. Online Information Review,\n                           41(6), 762\u2013781. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/OIR-10-2016-0302\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"3208_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1369-5","volume":"102","author":"E Orduna-Malea","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orduna-Malea, E., & Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. (2015). The dark side of Open Access in Google and Google Scholar: The case of Latin-American repositories. Scientometrics,\n                           102(1), 829\u2013846. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-014-1369-5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3208_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2018.mar.21","volume":"27","author":"E Orduna-Malea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orduna-Malea, E., & Delgado-L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. (2018). Dimensions: Re-discovering the ecosystem of scientific information. El Profesional de la Informaci\u00f3n,\n                           27(2), 420\u2013431. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3145\/epi.2018.mar.21\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"El Profesional de la Informaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"3208_CR24","volume-title":"La revoluci\u00f3n Google Scholar: Destapando la caja de Pandora acad\u00e9mica","author":"E Ordu\u00f1a-Malea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ordu\u00f1a-Malea, E., Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., Ayll\u00f3n, Juan M., & Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. (2016). La revoluci\u00f3n Google Scholar: Destapando la caja de Pandora acad\u00e9mica. UNE: Granada."},{"issue":"4","key":"3208_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3989\/redc.2017.4.1500","volume":"40","author":"E Orduna-Malea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orduna-Malea, E., Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., & Delgado L\u00f3pez-Cozar, E. (2017b). Google Scholar as a source for scholarly evaluation: A bibliographic review of database errors. Revista espa\u00f1ola de documentaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica,\n                           40(4), 1\u201333. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3989\/redc.2017.4.1500\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Revista espa\u00f1ola de documentaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica"},{"issue":"18","key":"3208_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3145\/epi.2009.sep.02","volume":"5","author":"E Ordu\u00f1a-Malea","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ordu\u00f1a-Malea, E., Serrano-Cobos, J., & Lloret-Romero, N. (2009). Las Universidades p\u00fablicas espa\u00f1olas en Google Scholar: Presencia y evoluci\u00f3n en su publicaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica web. El profesional de la informaci\u00f3n,\n                           5(18), 493\u2013501. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3145\/epi.2009.sep.02\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"El profesional de la informaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"3208_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9781780634722.143","volume-title":"Academic search engines: A quantitative outlook","author":"JL Ortega","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ortega, J. L. (2014). Academic search engines: A quantitative outlook. Oxford: Chandos Publishing."},{"issue":"2","key":"3208_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01383729","volume":"28","author":"P Ramsden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ramsden, P. (1994). Describing and explaining research productivity. Higher Education,\n                           28(2), 207\u2013226. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01383729\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"3208_CR29","unstructured":"Ranjbar-Sahraei, B., van Eck, N. J., & de Jong, R. (2018). Accuracy of affiliation information in Microsoft Academic: Implications for institutional level research evaluation. In R. Costas, T. Franssen, & A. Yegros-Yegros (Eds.), STI 2018 conference proceedings: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on science and technology indicators (pp. 1065\u20131067). Leiden: Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University. \n                    http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1887\/65339"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03208-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03208-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03208-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T23:16:07Z","timestamp":1598138167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03208-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03208-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}