{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:18:01Z","timestamp":1775096281887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["0022\/DLG\/2019\/10 (RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0022\/DLG\/2019\/10 (RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The principal distinction drawn in this study is between research \u201cinternationalists\u201d and \u201clocals.\u201d The former are scientists involved in international research collaboration while the latter group are not. These two distinct types of scientist compete for academic prestige, research funding, and international recognition. International research collaboration proves to be a powerful stratifying force. As a clearly defined subgroup, internationalists are a different academic species, accounting for 51.4% of Polish scientists; predominantly male and older, they have longer academic experience and higher academic degrees and occupy higher academic positions. Across all academic clusters, internationalists consistently produce more than 90% of internationally co-authored publications, representing 2320% of locals\u2019 productivity for peer-reviewed articles and 1600% for peer-reviewed article equivalents. Internationalists tend to spend less time than locals on teaching-related activities, more time on research, and more time on administrative duties. Based on a large-scale academic survey (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093704), some new predictors of international research collaboration were identified by multivariate analyses. The findings have global policy implications for resource-poor science systems \u201cplaying catch-up\u201d in terms of academic careers, productivity patterns, and research internationalization policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03460-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T09:03:33Z","timestamp":1588064613000},"page":"57-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Internationalists and locals: international research collaboration in a resource-poor system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7953-1063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Kwiek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"3460_CR1","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Di Costa, F. (2019). A gender analysis of top scientists\u2019 collaboration behavior: evidence from Italy. Scientometrics. Published online: 30 May 2019."},{"key":"3460_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2013.07.002","volume":"7","author":"G Abramo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Murgia, G. (2013). Gender differences in research collaboration. Journal of Informetrics,7, 811\u2013822.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scv037","volume":"43","author":"G Abramo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Murgia, G. (2016). The combined effect of age and seniority on research performance of full professors. Science and Public Policy,43(3), 301\u2013319.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"3460_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-010-0284-7","volume":"86","author":"G Abramo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Solazzi, M. (2011a). The relationship between scientists\u2019 research performance and the degree of internationalization of their research. Scientometrics,86, 629\u2013643.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3460_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2010.11.002","volume":"5","author":"G Abramo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Solazzi, M. (2011b). Are researchers that collaborate more at the international level top performers? An investigation on the Italian university system. Journal of Informetrics,5, 204\u2013213.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"3460_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-008-9110-2","volume":"46","author":"L Ackers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ackers, L. (2008). Internationalization, mobility and metrics: A new form of indirect discrimination? Minerva,46, 411\u2013435.","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"key":"3460_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aksnes, D. W., Piro, F. N., & R\u00f8rstad, K. (2019). Gender gaps in international research collaboration: a bibliometric approach. Scientometrics. Published online: 13 June 2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03155-3"},{"key":"3460_CR10","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Access and expansion post-massification. Opportunities and barriers to further growth in higher education participation","author":"D Antonowicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antonowicz, D. (2016). Digital players in an analogue world: Higher education in Poland in the post-massification era. In B. Jongbloed & H. Vossensteyn (Eds.), Access and expansion post-massification. Opportunities and barriers to further growth in higher education participation (pp. 63\u201381). London: Routledge."},{"key":"3460_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42237-4_6","volume-title":"Policy analysis of structural reforms in higher education","author":"D Antonowicz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonowicz, D., Kwiek, M., & Westerheijden, D. F. (2017). The government response to the private sector expansion in Poland. In H. de Boer, J. File, J. Huisman, M. Seeber, M. Vukasovic, & D. F. Westerheijden (Eds.), Policy analysis of structural reforms in higher education (pp. 119\u2013138). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014254214337","volume":"52","author":"DD Beaver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beaver, D. D. (2001). Reflections on scientific collaboration (and its study): Past, present, and future. Scientometrics,52(3), 365\u2013377.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1430-4","volume":"102","author":"PJ Bentley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bentley, P. J. (2015). Cross-country differences in publishing productivity of academics in research universities. Scientometrics,102(1), 865\u2013883.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3460_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bieli\u0144ski, J. & Tomczy\u0144ska, A. (2018). The ethos of science in contemporary Poland. Minerva. On-line first: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11024-018-9365-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-018-9365-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025427507552","volume":"58","author":"A Bonaccorsi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bonaccorsi, A., & Daraio, C. (2003). Age effects in scientific productivity. The case of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Scientometrics.,58(1), 49\u201390.","journal-title":"Scientometrics."},{"key":"3460_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06468-0","volume-title":"Research collaboration and team science. A state-of-the-art review and agenda","author":"B Bozeman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bozeman, B., & Boardman, C. (2014). Research collaboration and team science. A state-of-the-art review and agenda. Cham: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR17","volume-title":"Social research methods","author":"A Bryman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.","edition":"4"},{"key":"3460_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1108\/S2056-375220170000003004","volume-title":"Theory and method in higher education research","author":"T Carvalho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carvalho, T. (2017). The study of the academic profession\u2014Contributions from and to the sociology of professions. In J. Huisman & M. Tight (Eds.), Theory and method in higher education research (1st ed., pp. 59\u201376). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","edition":"1"},{"key":"3460_CR19","volume-title":"Research methods in education","author":"L Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"3460_CR20","volume-title":"Social stratification in science","author":"JR Cole","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cole, J. R., & Cole, S. (1973). Social stratification in science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press."},{"issue":"8","key":"3460_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21348","volume":"61","author":"R Costas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Costas, R., van Leeuwen, T. N., & Bordons, M. (2010). A bibliometric classificatory approach for the study and assessment of research performance at the individual level: The effects of age on productivity and impact. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,61(8), 1564\u20131581.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"3460_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2730-4","volume-title":"Scholars in the changing American Academy","author":"WK Cummings","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cummings, W. K., & Finkelstein, M. J. (2012). Scholars in the changing American Academy. Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2007.09.001","volume":"36","author":"JN Cummings","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cummings, J. N., & Kiesler, S. (2007). Coordination costs and project outcomes in multi-university collaborations. Research Policy,36, 1620\u20131634.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-014-9765-6","volume":"69","author":"D Dakowska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dakowska, D. (2015). Between competition imperative and Europeanisaton: The case of higher education reform in Poland. Higher Education,69(1), 129\u2013141.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7278-6_11","volume-title":"The internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects","author":"M Finkelstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finkelstein, M., & Sethi, W. (2014). Patterns of Faculty Internationalization: A Predictive Model. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 237\u2013258). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-012-9607-3","volume":"66","author":"MJ Finkelstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finkelstein, M. J., Walker, E., & Chen, R. (2013). The American faculty in an age of globalization: Predictors of internationalization of research content and professional networks. Higher Education,66, 325\u2013340.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/2112772","volume":"65","author":"MF Fox","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fox, M. F. (1992). Research, teaching, and publication productivity. Mutuality versus competition in academia. Sociology of Education,65(4), 293\u2013305.","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"3460_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9512-5","volume":"42","author":"MF Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox, M. F., Realff, M. L., Rueda, D. R., & Morn, J. (2017). International research collaboration among women engineers: Frequency and perceived barriers, by regions. Journal of Technology Transfer,42(6), 1292\u20131306.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21688","volume":"63","author":"A Gazni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gazni, A., Sugimoto, C. R., & Didegah, F. (2012). Mapping world scientific collaboration: Authors, institutions, and countries. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,63(2), 323\u2013335.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"3460_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00054-7","volume":"27","author":"L Georghiou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Georghiou, L. (1998). Global cooperation in research. Research Policy,27, 611\u2013628.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3460_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983662","volume-title":"Cohort analysis","author":"ND Glenn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glenn, N. D. (2005). Cohort analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage."},{"key":"3460_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorelova, O., & Lovakov, A. (2016). Academic inbreeding and research productivity of Russian Faculty Members. Working Papers. WP BRP 32\/EDU\/2016.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2778004"},{"key":"3460_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2307\/2391000","volume":"2","author":"A Gouldner","year":"1957","unstructured":"Gouldner, A. (1957). Cosmopolitans and locals: Toward an analysis of latent social rules. Administrative Science Quarterly,2, 281\u2013306.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"3460_CR36","unstructured":"GUS. (2011). Higher education institutions and their finances in 2010. Warsaw: GUS (Central Statistical Office)."},{"key":"3460_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3876-2_5","volume-title":"Handbook of survey methodology for the social sciences","author":"MR Hibberts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hibberts, M. R., Johnson, B., & Hudson, K. (2012). Common survey sampling techniques. In L. Gideon (Ed.), Handbook of survey methodology for the social sciences (pp. 53\u201374). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.01.012","volume":"39","author":"J Hoekman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoekman, J., Frenken, K., & Tijssen, R. J. W. (2010). Research collaboration at a distance : Changing spatial patterns of scientific collaboration within Europe. Research Policy,39, 662\u2013673.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3460_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0474-y","volume":"89","author":"S Jeong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jeong, S., Choi, J. Y., & Kim, J.-Y. (2011). The determinants of research collaboration modes: Exploring the effects of research and researcher characteristics on co-authorship. Scientometrics,89, 967\u2013983.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3460_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/sct079","volume":"41","author":"S Jeong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeong, S., Choi, J. Y., & Kim, J.-Y. (2014). On the drivers of international collaboration: The impact of informal communication, motivation, and research resources. Science and Public Policy.,41(4), 520\u2013531.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy."},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.2014.889206","volume":"20","author":"J Jung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung, J. (2014). Research productivity by career stage among Korean Academics. Tertiary Education and Management,20(2), 85\u2013105.","journal-title":"Tertiary Education and Management"},{"key":"3460_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7278-6_10","volume-title":"The internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects","author":"J Jung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung, J., Kooij, R., & Teichler, U. (2014). Internationalization and the new generation of academics. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 207\u2013236). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(96)00917-1","volume":"26","author":"JS Katz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Katz, J. S., & Martin, B. R. (1997). What is research collaboration? Research Policy,26, 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3460_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674039681","volume-title":"Epistemic cultures. How the sciences make knowledge","author":"K Knorr Cetina","year":"1999","unstructured":"Knorr Cetina, K. (1999). Epistemic cultures. How the sciences make knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"3460_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kulczycki, E. (2019). Wzory publikacyjne polskich naukowc\u00f3w w latach 2013-2016. Nauki humanistyczne i nauki spo\u0142eczne. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.7797527.","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.7797527"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.01.001","volume":"11","author":"E Kulczycki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kulczycki, E., Korze\u0144, M., & Korytkowski, P. (2017). Toward an excellence-based research funding system: Evidence from Poland. Journal of Informetrics,11(1), 282\u2013298.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scs042","volume":"35","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2012). Changing higher education policies: From the deinstitutionalization to the reinstitutionalization of the research mission in Polish universities. Science and Public Policy,35(5), 641\u2013654.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/1028315315572898","volume":"19","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2015a). The internationalization of research in Europe. A quantitative study of 11 national systems from a micro-level perspective. Journal of Studies in International Education,19(2), 341\u2013359.","journal-title":"Journal of Studies in International Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"3460_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1060706","volume":"40","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2015b). Academic generations and academic work: Patterns of attitudes, behaviors and research productivity of Polish academics after 1989. Studies in Higher Education,40(8), 1354\u20131376.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-015-9910-x","volume":"71","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2016). The European research elite: A cross-national study of highly productive academics across 11 European systems. Higher Education,71(3), 379\u2013397.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR52","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2017). A generational divide in the Polish academic profession. A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. European Educational Research Journal,17, 1\u201326.","journal-title":"European Educational Research Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/1028315317747084","volume":"22","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2018a). International research collaboration and international research orientation: Comparative findings about European Academics. Journal of Studies in International Education.,22(2), 136\u2013160.","journal-title":"Journal of Studies in International Education."},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2644-7","volume":"115","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2018b). High research productivity in vertically undifferentiated higher education systems: Who are the top performers? Scientometrics,115(1), 415\u2013462.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3460_CR55","volume-title":"Changing European academics: A comparative study of social stratification, work patterns and research productivity","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2019). Changing European academics: A comparative study of social stratification, work patterns and research productivity. London and New York: Routledge."},{"key":"3460_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2020.1749254","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwiek, M. (2020). What large-scale publication and citation data tell us about international research collaboration in Europe: Changing national patterns in global science. Studies in Higher Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03075079.2020.1749254.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwiek, M., & Roszka, W. (2020). Gender disparities in international research collaboration: A large-scale bibliometric study of 25,000 university professors.\u00a0https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2003.00537.","DOI":"10.1111\/joes.12395"},{"key":"3460_CR56","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International encyclopedia of higher education systems","author":"M Kwiek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwiek, M., & Szadkowski, K. (2018). Higher education systems and institutions: Poland. In P. N. Texteira & J. C. Shin (Eds.), International encyclopedia of higher education systems (pp. 1\u201320). Cham: Springer."},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR57","first-page":"37","volume":"19","author":"S Kyvik","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kyvik, S. (1990). Age and scientific productivity. Differences between fields of learning. Scientometrics.,19(1), 37\u201355.","journal-title":"Scientometrics."},{"key":"3460_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1060711","volume":"40","author":"S Kyvik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kyvik, S., & Aksnes, D. W. (2015). Explaining the increase in publication productivity among academic staff: A generational perspective. Studies in Higher Education,40, 1438\u20131453.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02018388","volume":"29","author":"S Kyvik","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kyvik, S., & Larsen, I. M. (1994). International contact and research performance. Scientometrics,29, 161\u2013172.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1075547097018003004","volume":"18","author":"S Kyvik","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kyvik, S., & Larsen, I. M. (1997). The exchange of knowledge. A small country in the international research community. Science Communication.,18(3), 238\u2013264.","journal-title":"Science Communication."},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-1767-z","volume":"76","author":"S Kyvik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kyvik, S., & Olsen, T. B. (2008). Does the aging of tenured academic staff affect the research performance of universities? Scientometrics,76(3), 439\u2013455.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399602100103","volume":"21","author":"S Kyvik","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kyvik, S., & Teigen, M. (1996). Child care, research collaboration, and gender differences in scientific productivity. Science, Technology and Human Values,21(1), 54\u201371.","journal-title":"Science, Technology and Human Values"},{"key":"3460_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(98)00098-5","volume":"27","author":"R Landry","year":"1998","unstructured":"Landry, R., & Amara, N. (1998). The impact of transaction costs on the institutional structuration of collaborative academic research. Research Policy,27, 901\u2013913.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3152\/147154402781776961","volume":"11","author":"G Laudel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laudel, G. (2002). What do we measure by co-authorships? Research Evaluation,11(1), 3\u201315.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"issue":"5","key":"3460_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312705052359","volume":"35","author":"S Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, S., & Bozeman, B. (2005). The impact of research collaboration on scientific productivity. Social Studies in Science,35(5), 673\u2013702.","journal-title":"Social Studies in Science"},{"key":"3460_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203754085","volume-title":"Academic governance. Disciplines and policy","author":"JM Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis, J. M. (2013). Academic governance. Disciplines and policy. New York: Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399201700106","volume":"17","author":"T Luukkonen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Luukkonen, T., Persson, O., & Sivertsen, G. (1992). Understanding patterns of international scientific collaboration. Science, Technology, & Human Values,17(1), 101\u2013126.","journal-title":"Science, Technology, & Human Values"},{"key":"3460_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00031-1","volume":"29","author":"G Melin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Melin, G. (2000). Pragmatism and self-organization: Research collaboration on the individual level. Research Policy,29, 31\u201334.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3460_CR69","volume-title":"The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations","author":"RK Merton","year":"1973","unstructured":"Merton, R. K. (1973). The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"3460_CR70","unstructured":"Najduchowska, H., & Wnuk-Lipi\u0144ska, E. (1990). Nauczyciele akademiccy 1984 [Academics 1984]. Warsaw and \u0141\u00f3d\u017a: IPNISW."},{"key":"3460_CR71","unstructured":"OECD. (2019). Main science and technology indicators. Available from www.oecd.org. Last accessed December 29, 2018."},{"key":"3460_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2018.1545746","author":"H Ostrowicka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ostrowicka, H., & Stankiewicz, L. (2018). The truths of business and the lies of academia: The order of discourse on higher education in Poland. Higher Education Research & Development. On-line first:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2018.1545746.","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development. On-line first:"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22746","volume":"64","author":"FN Piro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piro, F. N., Aksnes, D. W., & R\u00f8rstad, K. (2013). A macro analysis of productivity differences across fields: Challenges in the measurement of scientific publishing. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,64(2), 307\u2013320.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3460_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-1900-y","volume":"107","author":"FN Piro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piro, F. N., R\u00f8rstad, K., & Aksnes, D. W. (2016). How does prolific professors influence on the citation impact of their university departments? Scientometrics,107(3), 941\u2013961.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496409356319","volume":"41","author":"ChOLH Porter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Porter, Ch O L H, Itir Gogus, C., & Yu, R. C.-F. (2010). When does teamwork translate into improved team performance? A resource allocation perspective. Small Group Research.,41(2), 221\u2013248.","journal-title":"Small Group Research."},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01383729","volume":"28","author":"P Ramsden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ramsden, P. (1994). Describing and explaining research productivity. Higher Education,28(2), 207\u2013226.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1353\/rhe.2007.0079","volume":"31","author":"G Rhoades","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rhoades, G., Kiyama, J. M., McCormick, R., & Quiroz, M. (2008). Local cosmopolitans and cosmopolitan locals: New models of professionals in the academy. The Review of Higher Education.,31(2), 209\u2013235.","journal-title":"The Review of Higher Education."},{"key":"3460_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2015.02.003","volume":"9","author":"K R\u00f8rstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"R\u00f8rstad, K., & Aksnes, D. W. (2015). Publication rate expressed by age, gender and academic position\u2014A large-scale analysis of Norwegian academic staff. Journal of Informetrics.,9, 317\u2013333.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics."},{"key":"3460_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16080-1_13","volume-title":"Forming, recruiting and managing the academic profession","author":"M Rostan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rostan, M. (2015). International aspects of academic work and career at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In U. Teichler & W. K. Cummings (Eds.), Forming, recruiting and managing the academic profession (pp. 241\u2013258). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"S1","key":"3460_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1017\/S1062798714000763","volume":"23","author":"M Rostan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rostan, M., & Ceravolo, F. A. (2015). The internationalization of the academy: Convergence and divergence across disciplines. European Review.,23(S1), 38\u201354.","journal-title":"European Review."},{"key":"3460_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7278-6_7","volume-title":"The internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects","author":"M Rostan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rostan, M., Ceravolo, F. A., & Metcalfe, S. A. (2014). The internationalization of research. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 119\u2013144). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"8","key":"3460_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1060709","volume":"40","author":"R Santiago","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santiago, R., Carvalho, T., & Cardoso, S. (2015). Portuguese Academics\u2019 Perceptions of Higher Education Institutions\u2019 governance and management: A generational perspective. Studies in Higher Education,40(8), 1471\u20131484.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR104","unstructured":"Scopus (2020). Scopus dataset available from https:\/\/www.scopus.com (institutional subscription only)."},{"key":"3460_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6830-7_10","volume-title":"Teaching and research in contemporary higher education. Systems, activities and rewards","author":"JC Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin, J. C., Jung, J., & Kim, Y. (2014). Teaching and research of Korean academics across career stages. In J. C. Shin, A. Arimoto, W. K. Cummings, & U. Teichler (Eds.), Teaching and research in contemporary higher education. Systems, activities and rewards (pp. 177\u2013197). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"8","key":"3460_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1060710","volume":"40","author":"JC Shin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shin, J. C., Kim, Y., Lim, H., Shim, B., & Choi, Y. (2015). The \u2018Sandwich Generation\u2019 in Korean academe: Between traditional academic authority and meritocratic culture. Studies in Higher Education,40(8), 1406\u20131422.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR85","volume-title":"Kariery akademickie kobiet i m\u0119\u017cczyzn. R\u00f3\u017cne czy podobne?","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siemie\u0144ska, R. (Ed.). (2019). Kariery akademickie kobiet i m\u0119\u017cczyzn. R\u00f3\u017cne czy podobne?. Warsaw: Scholar."},{"key":"3460_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8283-2_3","volume-title":"Borderless knowledge. Understanding \u201cNew\u201d internationalisation of research and higher education in Norway","author":"J-Ch Smeby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smeby, J-Ch., & Gornitzka, \u00c5. (2008). All cosmopolitans now? The changing international contacts of university researchers. In \u00c5. Gornitzka & L. Langfeldt (Eds.), Borderless knowledge. Understanding \u201cNew\u201d internationalisation of research and higher education in Norway (pp. 37\u201350). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-0990-z","volume":"98","author":"R Sooryamoorthy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sooryamoorthy, R. (2014). Publication productivity and collaboration of researchers in South Africa: New empirical evidence. Scientometrics,98, 531\u2013545.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"3460_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674062757","volume-title":"How economics shapes science","author":"P Stephan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stephan, P. (2012). How economics shapes science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"3460_CR89","volume-title":"Striking the mother lode in science: The importance of age, place, and time","author":"PE Stephan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stephan, P. E., & Levin, S. G. (1992). Striking the mother lode in science: The importance of age, place, and time. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"3460_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003901018634","volume":"39","author":"D Teodorescu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Teodorescu, D. (2000). Correlates of faculty publication productivity: A cross-national analysis. Higher Education,39(2), 201\u2013222.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"3460_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thelwall, M., & Maflahi, N. (2019). Academic collaboration rates and citation associations vary substantially between countries and fields. arXiv:1910.00789.","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24315"},{"key":"3460_CR92","unstructured":"Urbanek, P. (2018). Reform of the higher education system in poland from the perspective of agency theory. European Journal of Higher Education. On-line first, 20 December 2018."},{"key":"3460_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7278-6_9","volume-title":"The Internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects","author":"A Vab\u00f8","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vab\u00f8, A., Padilla-Gonzales, L. E., Waagene, E., & Naess, T. (2014). Gender and faculty internationalization. In F. Huang, M. Finkelstein, & M. Rostan (Eds.), The Internationalization of the academy. Changes, realities and prospects (pp. 183\u2013206). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"3460_CR94","volume-title":"The new invisible college. Science for development","author":"CS Wagner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wagner, C. S. (2008). The new invisible college. Science for development. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press."},{"key":"3460_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94986-4","volume-title":"The collaborative era in science. Governing the network","author":"CS Wagner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagner, C. S. (2018). The collaborative era in science. Governing the network. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan."},{"key":"3460_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.08.002","volume":"34","author":"CS Wagner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wagner, C. S., & Leydesdorff, L. (2005). Network structure, self-organization, and the growth of international collaboration in science. Research Policy,34, 1608\u20131618.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"3460_CR97","unstructured":"Wnuk-Lipi\u0144ska, E. (1996). Innowacyjno\u015b\u0107 a konserwatyzm. Uczelnie polskie w procesie przemian spo\u0142ecznych [Innovation and conservatism. Polish universities and social transformations]. Warsaw: CBPNISW."},{"key":"3460_CR98","volume-title":"Scientific productivity of public higher education institutions in Poland. A comparative bibliometric analysis","author":"J Wolszczak-Derlacz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolszczak-Derlacz, J., & Parteka, A. (2010). Scientific productivity of public higher education institutions in Poland. A comparative bibliometric analysis. Warsaw: Ernst and Young."},{"issue":"1","key":"3460_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2273.1991.tb01555.x","volume":"45","author":"J Ziman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ziman, J. (1991). Academic science as a system of markets. Higher Education Quarterly,45(1), 41\u201361.","journal-title":"Higher Education Quarterly"},{"key":"3460_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503601505","volume-title":"Women in global science","author":"K Zippel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zippel, K. (2017). Women in global science. Stanford: Stanford University Press."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-020-03460-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-020-03460-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-020-03460-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T20:54:31Z","timestamp":1722804871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-020-03460-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-020-03460-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}