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To achieve this, we contrasted the effect of EU funding restrictions following Switzerland\u2019s 2014 reclassification as a \u201cthird country\u201d in Horizon 2020, and the political uncertainties resulting from the 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom (UK). We compared the participation patterns of Swiss and UK higher education institutions (HEIs) with control groups of similar European HEIs over time and, complementarily, analyzed changes in the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our results showed that the Brexit-induced uncertainty had stronger negative effects than the Swiss reclassification, which was, however, characterized by effective EU funding restrictions. In both cases, the negative impact of institutional barriers was stronger for the more central HEIs in EU-FP networks. These results suggest that the effect of institutional barriers is closely linked to consortium building mechanisms, where research collaboration requires stability and projection over the long term. Regarding individual grants, the impact was stronger for Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie actions than for European Research Council grants, suggesting that a researcher\u2019s mobility is affected by political uncertainties. Finally, in the UK case, we observed a steep decrease in the participation of SMEs. Based on these results, we suggest that a stable framework of participation and a clear ruling on relationships with the EU for what concerns people\u2019s mobility and economic relationships are key to fostering the participation of third-party countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03810-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T15:03:54Z","timestamp":1608217434000},"page":"1311-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Institutional barriers to participation in EU framework programs: contrasting the Swiss and UK cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4810-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetto","family":"Lepori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3810_CR1","first-page":"301","volume":"18","author":"HL Ackers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ackers, H. 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