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We find that the choice of the awakening period in the selection of SBs has consequences for the measured citation patterns. Focusing on medical SBs we analyze patterns in the time-development of the citation impact of SBs; the influence of self-citations on the awakening process; and the occurrence of medical research fields to which the SBs and their citing papers belong. An important finding is that SBs are generally characterized by a sleep that becomes less and less deep instead of a permanent deep sleep. The sleeping period is followed by a phase-transition-like jump as a start of the awakening period and a remarkable regularity is found for the citation impact immediately before and after the jump.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-03910-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1614679404000},"page":"4311-4332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sleeping beauties gain impact in overdrive mode"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8980-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony F. 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