{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:18:57Z","timestamp":1775330337267,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MTR\/2020\/000625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MTR\/2020\/000625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T19:03:46Z","timestamp":1643310226000},"page":"1515-1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["ResearchGate and Google Scholar: how much do they differ in publications, citations and different metrics and why?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7348-6545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satya Swarup","family":"Srichandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiran H.","family":"Lathabai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0582-8","volume":"91","author":"IF Aguillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aguillo, I. F. (2012). Is Google Scholar useful for bibliometrics? A webometric analysis. Scientometrics, 91(2), 343\u2013351.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-11-2019-0364","volume":"45","author":"SK Banshal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banshal, S. K., Singh, V. K., & Muhuri, P. K. (2021). Can altmetric mentions predict later citations? A test of validity on data from ResearchGate and three social media platforms. Online Information Review, 45(3), 517\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/OIR-11-2019-0364","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-008-0216-y","volume":"74","author":"J Bar-Illan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bar-Illan, J. (2008). Which h-index? A comparison of WoS, scopus and google scholar. Scientometrics, 74(2), 257\u2013271.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4264_CR3","unstructured":"Beall, J. (2014). Google scholar is filled with junk science. Scholarly Open Access. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.emeraldcityjournal.com\/2014\/11\/google-scholar-is-filled-with-junk-science\/."},{"key":"4264_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.343.6166.14","volume":"343","author":"J Bohannon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bohannon, J. (2014). Google Scholar wins raves\u2014But can it be trusted? Science, 343, 6166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.343.6166.14","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1099","volume":"30","author":"\u00c1 Borrego","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borrego, \u00c1. (2017). Institutional repositories versus ResearchGate: The depositing habits of Spanish researchers. Learned Publishing, 30(3), 185\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/leap.1099","journal-title":"Learned Publishing"},{"key":"4264_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03124-w","volume":"120","author":"S Copiello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Copiello, S. (2019). Research Interest: another undisclosed (and redundant) algorithm by ResearchGate. Scientometrics, 120, 351\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03124-w","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4264_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2582-9","volume":"114","author":"S Copiello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Copiello, S., & Bonifaci, P. (2018). A few remarks on ResearchGate score and academic reputation. Scientometrics, 114, 301\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2582-9","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4264_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03063-6","volume":"119","author":"S Copiello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Copiello, S., & Bonifaci, P. (2019). ResearchGate Score, full-text research items, and full-text reads: A follow-up study. Scientometrics, 119, 1255\u20131262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-019-03063-6","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1089-2","volume":"98","author":"JC De Winter","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Winter, J. C., Zadpoor, A. A., & Dodou, D. (2014). The expansion of Google Scholar versus web of science: A longitudinal study. Scientometrics, 98(2), 1547\u20131565.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"4264_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-12-2019-0380","volume":"44","author":"S Ebrahimzadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ebrahimzadeh, S., Rezaei, S., Sharifabadi, K. A., Kamran, M., & Dalkir, K. (2020). Triggers and strategies related to the collaborative information-seeking behaviour of researchers in ResearchGate. Online Information Review, 44(5), 1077.","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR11","first-page":"8","volume":"2","author":"L Egghe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Egghe, L. (2006). An improvement of the h-index: The g-index. ISSI Newsletter, 2(1), 8\u20139.","journal-title":"ISSI Newsletter"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9492LSF","volume":"22","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Falagas, M. E., Pitsouni, E. I., Malietzis, G. A., & Pappas, G. (2008). Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, web of science, and Google scholar: Strengths and weaknesses. The FASEB Journal, 22(2), 338\u2013342.","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"4264_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2958-5","volume":"118","author":"M Gusenbauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gusenbauer, M. (2019). Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases. Scientometrics, 118, 177\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-018-2958-5","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.06.005","volume":"11","author":"G Halevi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halevi, G., Moed, H., & Bar-Ilan, J. (2017). Suitability of Google Scholar as a source of scientific information and as a source of data for scientific evaluation\u2014Review of the literature. Journal of Informetrics, 11(3), 823\u2013834.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1798-9","volume":"106","author":"AW Harzing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harzing, A. W., & Alakangas, S. (2016). Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: A longitudinal and cross-disciplinary comparison. Scientometrics, 106(2), 787\u2013804.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"4264_CR16","first-page":"1537","volume":"89","author":"P Jacso","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacso, P. (2005). As we may search\u2014comparison of major features of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar citation-based and citation-enhanced databases. Current Science, 89(9), 1537\u20131547.","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810889718","volume":"32","author":"P Jacs\u00f3","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacs\u00f3, P. (2008). The pros and cons of computing the h-index using Google Scholar. Online Information Review, 32(3), 437\u2013452.","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"4264_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1108\/14684521211254121","volume":"36","author":"P Jacs\u00f3","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jacs\u00f3, P. (2012). Google Scholar Metrics for Publications: The software and content features of a new open access bibliometric service. Online Information Review, 36(4), 604\u2013619.","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2291-4","volume":"112","author":"HR Jamali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamali, H. R. (2017). Copyright compliance and infringement in ResearchGate full-text journal articles. Scientometrics, 112(1), 241\u2013254.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1642-2","volume":"105","author":"HR Jamali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jamali, H. R., & Nabavi, M. (2015). Open access and sources of full-text articles in Google Scholar in different subject fields. Scientometrics, 105(3), 1635\u20131651.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4264_CR21","unstructured":"Jordan, K. (2015). Exploring the ResearchGate score as an academic metric: reflections and implications for practice. In: Quantifying and Analysing Scholarly Communication on the Web (ASCW\u201915), Oxford."},{"key":"4264_CR22","unstructured":"Kolata, G. (2017). Many academics are eager to publish in worthless journals. The New York Times. Available at: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/30\/science\/predatory-journals-academics.html."},{"key":"4264_CR23","unstructured":"Kraker, P., & Lex, E. (2015). A critical look at the ResearchGate score as a measure of scientific reputation. In Proceedings of the quantifying and analysing scholarly communication on the web workshop (ASCW\u201915), Web Science conference."},{"issue":"4","key":"4264_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2020.101096","volume":"14","author":"HH Lathabai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lathabai, H. H. (2020). \u03c8-index: A new overall productivity index for actors of science and technology. Journal of Informetrics, 14(4), 101096.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4264_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24138","volume":"70","author":"J Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, J., Oh, S., Dong, H., Wang, F., & Burnett, G. (2019). Motivations for self-archiving on an academic social networking site: A study on ResearchGate. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 70(6), 563\u2013574.","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.07.001","volume":"12","author":"B Lepori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lepori, B., Thelwall, M., & Hoorani, B. H. (2018). Which US and European higher education institutions are visible in ResearchGate and what affects their RG score? Journal of Informetrics, 12(3), 806\u2013818.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1087\/20130206","volume":"26","author":"ED Lopez-Cozar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lopez-Cozar, E. D., & Cabezas-Clavijo, A. (2013). Ranking journals: Could Google scholar metrics be an alternative to journal citation reports and Scimago journal rank? Learned Publishing, 26(2), 101\u2013114.","journal-title":"Learned Publishing"},{"key":"4264_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-021-03899-x","volume":"126","author":"T Marina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marina, T., & Sterligov, I. (2021). Prevalence of potentially predatory publishing in scopus on the country level. Scientometrics, 126, 5019\u20135077.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.06.012","volume":"12","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., Costas, R., van Leeuwen, T., & L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. D. (2018). Evidence of open access of scientific publications in Google Scholar: A large-scale analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 12(3), 819\u2013841.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.11.008","volume":"11","author":"A Martin-Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin-Martin, A., Ordu\u00f1a-Malea, E., Harzing, A. W., & L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. D. (2017). Can we use Google Scholar to identify highly-cited documents? Journal of Informetrics, 11(1), 152\u2013163.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.04.001","volume":"12","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., Ordu\u00f1a-Malea, E., & L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. D. (2018). Author-level metrics in the new academic profile platforms: The online behaviour of the Bibliometrics community. Journal of Informetrics, 12(2), 494\u2013509.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4264_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.09.002","volume":"12","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Mart\u00edn, A., Orduna-Malea, E., Thelwall, M., & L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. D. (2018). Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: A systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categories. Journal of Informetrics, 12(4), 1160\u20131177.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"4264_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03772-3","volume":"126","author":"S Mason","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mason, S., & Sakurai, Y. (2020). A ResearchGate-way to an international academic community? Scientometrics, 126, 1149\u20131171.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4264_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520710841784","volume":"31","author":"P Mayr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mayr, P., & Walter, A. K. (2007). An exploratory study of Google Scholar. Online Information Review, 31(6), 814\u2013830.","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"4264_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204945","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204945","volume":"13","author":"A Meier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meier, A., & Tunger, D. (2018). Survey on opinions and usage patterns for the ResearchGate platform. PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0204945.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"4264_CR37","first-page":"1643","volume":"66","author":"AR Memon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Memon, A. R. (2016). ResearchGate is no longer reliable: Leniency towards ghost journals may decrease its impact on the scientific community. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 66(12), 1643\u20131647.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"4264_CR38","unstructured":"Murray, M. (2014). Analysis of a scholarly social networking site: The case of the dormant user. SAIS 2014 Proceedings, 1."},{"issue":"5","key":"4264_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-07-2016-0185","volume":"41","author":"N Muscanell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muscanell, N., & Utz, S. (2017). Social networking for scientists: An analysis on how and why academics use ResearchGate. Online Information Review, 41(5), 744\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/OIR-07-2016-0185","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1035","volume":"29","author":"D Nicholas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nicholas, D., Clark, D., & Herman, E. (2016). ResearchGate: Reputation uncovered. Learned Publishing, 29(3), 173\u2013182.","journal-title":"Learned Publishing"},{"issue":"6","key":"4264_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520810923881","volume":"32","author":"M Norris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Norris, M., Oppenheim, C., & Rowland, F. (2008). Finding open access articles using google, google scholar, oaister and opendoar. Online Information Review, 32(6), 709\u2013715.","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"key":"4264_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/frma.2017.00014","volume":"2","author":"E Orduna-Malea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orduna-Malea, E., & Delgado L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. (2017). Performance behavior patterns in Author-level metrics: A disciplinary comparison of Google Scholar Citations, ResearchGate, and ImpactStory. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 2, 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frma.2017.00014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4264_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1164-8","volume":"98","author":"E Ordu\u00f1a-Malea","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ordu\u00f1a-Malea, E., & L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. D. (2014). Google Scholar Metrics evolution: An analysis according to languages. Scientometrics, 98(3), 2353\u20132367.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1369-5","volume":"102","author":"E Ordu\u00f1a-Malea","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ordu\u00f1a-Malea, E., & L\u00f3pez-C\u00f3zar, E. D. (2015). The dark side of Open Access in Google and Google Scholar: The case of Latin-American repositories. Scientometrics, 102(1), 829\u2013846.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4264_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2396-9","volume":"112","author":"E Orduna-Malea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orduna-Malea, E., Martin-Martin, A., Thelwall, M., & Delgado Lopez-Cozar, E. (2017). Do ResearchGate Scores create ghost academic reputations? Scientometrics, 112, 443\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2396-9","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4264_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-01-2016-0012","volume":"41","author":"JL Ortega","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ortega, J. L. (2017). Toward a homogenization of academic social sites: A longitudinal study of profiles in Academia.edu, Google Scholar Citations and ResearchGate. Online Information Review, 41(6), 812\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/OIR-01-2016-0012","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0785-9","volume":"15","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Maduekwe, O., et al. (2017). Potential predatory and legitimate biomedical journals: Can you tell the difference? A cross-sectional comparison. BMC Medicine, 15(1), 15\u201328.","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"9\/10","key":"4264_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1108\/NLW-03-2015-0017","volume":"116","author":"R Shrivastava","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shrivastava, R., & Mahajan, P. (2015). Relationship amongst ResearchGate altmetric indicators and Scopus bibliometric indicators: The case of Panjab University Chandigarh (India). New Library World, 116(9\/10), 564\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/NLW-03-2015-0017","journal-title":"New Library World"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1108\/PMM-07-2016-0033","volume":"18","author":"R Shrivastava","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shrivastava, R., & Mahajan, P. (2017). An altmetric analysis of ResearchGate profiles of physics researchers: A study of University of Delhi (India). Performance Measurement and Metrics, 18(1), 52\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/PMM-07-2016-0033","journal-title":"Performance Measurement and Metrics"},{"key":"4264_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, V.K., Srichandan, S.S. & Lathabai, H.L. (2021). ResearchGate and Google Scholar: How much do they differ in publications, citations and different metrics and why? Pre-print. Available at: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2105.13602","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"4264_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23236","volume":"66","author":"M Thelwall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thelwall, M., & Kousha, K. (2015). ResearchGate: Disseminating, communicating, and measuring Scholarship? Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(5), 876\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.23236","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23675","volume":"68","author":"M Thelwall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thelwall, M., & Kousha, K. (2017a). ResearchGate articles: Age, discipline, audience size, and impact. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(2), 468\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.23675","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2400-4","volume":"112","author":"M Thelwall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thelwall, M., & Kousha, K. (2017b). ResearchGate versus Google Scholar: Which finds more early citations? Scientometrics, 112(2), 1125\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2400-4","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2008.01.001","volume":"2","author":"RS Tol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tol, R. S. (2008). A rational, successive g-index applied to economics departments in Ireland. Journal of Informetrics, 2(2), 149\u2013155.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4264_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-008-2079-7","volume":"80","author":"R Tol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tol, R. (2009). The h-index and its alternatives: An application to the 100 most prolific economists? Scientometrics, 80(2), 317\u2013324.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"7513","key":"4264_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/512126a","volume":"512","author":"R Van Noorden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Noorden, R. (2014). Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature News, 512(7513), 126.","journal-title":"Nature News"},{"key":"4264_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.22793","author":"R Van Noorden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Noorden, R. (2017). Publishers threaten to remove millions of papers from ResearchGate. Nature News. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature.2017.22793","journal-title":"Nature News"},{"issue":"4","key":"4264_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2006.08.006","volume":"43","author":"WH Walters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walters, W. H. (2007). Google Scholar coverage of a multidisciplinary field. Information Processing & Management, 43(4), 1121\u20131132.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"4264_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.002","volume":"12","author":"W Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan, W., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Research universities on the ResearchGate social networking site: An examination of institutional differences, research activity level, and social networks formed. Journal of Informetrics, 12, 385\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.002","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4264_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102430","volume":"58","author":"W Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, W., Zhang, Y., Hu, T., & Kudva, S. (2021). How does scholarly use of academic social networking sites differ by academic discipline? A case study using ResearchGate. Information Processing & Management, 58(1), 102430.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"4264_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.007","volume":"55","author":"MC Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, M. C., Wu, Y. C. J., Alhalabi, W., Kao, H. Y., & Wu, W. H. (2016). ResearchGate: An effective altmetric indicator for active researchers? Computers in Human Behaviour, 55, 1001\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.007","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behaviour"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T20:17:18Z","timestamp":1647980238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-022-04264-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}