{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:58:41Z","timestamp":1775267921222,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005722","name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>John J. Mearsheimer is one of the most renowned theorists of International Relations and is often regarded as one of the primary representatives of the theoretical school of neorealism. To be able to understand and classify his positions, it is necessary to investigate his (theoretical) backgrounds and academic roots. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to analyze the roots of this political scientist with the help of the method Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS)\u2014a specific kind of cited reference analysis\u2014using the program CitedReferenceExplorer (CRExplorer). In the statistical analyses, we compiled a list of the most cited works by Mearsheimer and conducted an analysis of temporal peaks in these works. The dataset used for the analyses was taken from the Web of Science database (WoS, Clarivate): 59 publications with 2061 non-distinct cited references. The list of the 16 most frequently cited references in the publication set shows various texts and authors that seem to be important for Mearsheimer\u2019s academic work. Thematic focuses of cited publications as well as the type of publication indicate that the scientist\u2019s respective works and texts are embedded in the corresponding publication periods. The analysis of the peaks in the referenced publication years illustrates the following: On the one hand, the publication years in which Mearsheimer derived his fundamental theory of International Relations can be inferred. On the other hand, later years show his subsequent thematic focuses and his preoccupation with current events and conflicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04721-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T05:01:42Z","timestamp":1684386102000},"page":"3867-3877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["John Mearsheimer\u2019s academic roots: a reference publication year spectroscopy of a political scientist\u2019s oeuvre"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7843-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Gruber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tekles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Bornmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4721_CR1","volume-title":"Surprise attack: Lessons for defense planning","author":"RK Betts","year":"1982","unstructured":"Betts, R. K. (1982). Surprise attack: Lessons for defense planning. Washington: Brookings Institution Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"4721_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/0047117806060939","volume":"20","author":"K Booth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Booth, K., Wheeler, N. J., & Williams, M. (2006). Conversations in international relations interview with John J. Mearsheimer (Part I).  International Relations, 20(1), 105\u2013123.","journal-title":"International Relations"},{"issue":"1","key":"4721_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2012.09.003","volume":"7","author":"L Bornmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bornmann, L., & Marx, W. (2013). The proposal of a broadening of perspective in evaluative bibliometrics by complementing the times cited with a cited reference analysis.  Journal of Informetrics, 7(1), 84\u201388.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"4721_CR4","unstructured":"Report: Department of the Army (1976): FM 100-5: Operations, 1976. Washington. Department of the Army.  (3), 485\u2013507."},{"key":"4721_CR5","unstructured":"Fukuyama F. Y. (1989) The end of history?. In: The National Interest, Summer. Center for National Interest, Washington, 16, 3\u201318"},{"issue":"3","key":"4721_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818300027715","volume":"42","author":"JM Grieco","year":"1988","unstructured":"Grieco, J. M. (1988): Anarchy and the limits of cooperation: A Realist critique of the newest Liberal Institutionalism.  International Organization 42(3), 485\u2013507.","journal-title":"International Organization"},{"issue":"2","key":"4721_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2307\/2009958","volume":"30","author":"R Jervis","year":"1978","unstructured":"Jervis, Robert (1978): Cooperation under the security dilemma.  World Politics 30(2), 167\u2013214.","journal-title":"World Politics"},{"key":"4721_CR8","volume-title":"The rise and fall of British Naval Mastery","author":"PM Kennedy","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kennedy, P. M. (1976). The rise and fall of British Naval Mastery. London: Allen Lane."},{"key":"4721_CR9","volume-title":"After hegemony: cooperation and discord in the world political economy","author":"RO Keohane","year":"1984","unstructured":"Keohane, R. O. (1984). After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"4721_CR10","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., Bornmann, L., Comins, J., Marx, W., Thor, A. (2016). Referenced Publication Year Spectrography (RPYS) and Algorithmic Historiography: The bibliometric reconstruction of Andr\u00e1s Schumbert\u2019s \u0152uvre. In: Wolfgang G, Bal\u00e1zs S (Eds.), Andr\u00e1s Schubert\u2014a world of models and metrics. Festschrift for Andr\u00e1s Schubert\u2019s 70th birthday (pp. 79\u201396). International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Budapest"},{"issue":"2","key":"4721_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2111-2","volume":"109","author":"W Marx","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marx, W., & Bornmann, L. (2016). Change of perspective: Bibliometrics from the point of view of cited references a literature overview on approaches to the evaluation of cited references in bibliometrics. Scientometrics, 109(2), 1397\u20131415.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4721_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2538609","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (1981). Maneuver, mobile defense, and the NATO central front. International Security. 6(3), 104-122. MIT Press.","journal-title":"International Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"4721_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/2538686","volume":"7","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (1982). Why the soviets can\u2019t win quickly in Central Europe. International Security, 7(1), 3\u201339.","journal-title":"International Security"},{"key":"4721_CR14","volume-title":"Conventional deterrence","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (1983). Conventional deterrence. Ithaca: Cornell University Press."},{"key":"4721_CR15","volume-title":"Liddell hart and the weight of history","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (1988). Liddell hart and the weight of history. New York: Cornell University Press."},{"key":"4721_CR16","volume-title":"The tragedy of great power politics","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. New York: W. W. Norton & Co."},{"key":"4721_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv5cgb1w","volume-title":"The great delusion: liberal dreams and international realities","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The great delusion: Liberal dreams and international realities. New Haven: Yale University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"4721_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1162\/isec_a_00342","volume":"43","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (2019). Bound to fail: The rise and fall of the liberal international order. International Security, 43(3), 7\u201350.","journal-title":"International Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"4721_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049096520001808","volume":"54","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (2021). Liberalism and nationalism in contemporary America. Political Science & Politics, 54(1), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Political Science & Politics"},{"issue":"5","key":"4721_CR20","first-page":"77","volume":"93","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). Why the Ukraine crisis is the West\u2019s fault the liberal delusions that provoked Putin. Foreign Affairs, 93(5), 77\u201389.","journal-title":"Foreign Affairs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4721_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4967.2006.00260.x","volume":"8","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. (2006). The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. Middle East Policy, 8(3), 29\u201387.","journal-title":"Mid East Pol"},{"key":"4721_CR22","volume-title":"The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy","author":"JJ Mearsheimer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. (2007). The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux."},{"key":"4721_CR23","volume-title":"The sources of military doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the World Wars","author":"BR Posen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Posen, B. R. (1984a). The sources of military doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the World Wars. Ithaca: Cornell University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"4721_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2307\/2538587","volume":"9","author":"BR Posen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Posen, B. R. (1984b): Measuring the European conventional balance: Coping with complexity in threat assessment. International Security, 9(3), 47\u201388.","journal-title":"International Security"},{"issue":"2","key":"4721_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.02.005","volume":"10","author":"A Thor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thor, A., Marx, W., Leydesdorff, L., & Bornmann, L. (2016). Introducing CitedReferencesExplorer (CRExplorer): A program for reference publication year spectroscopy with cited references standardization. Journal of Informetrics, 10(2), 503\u2013515.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"4721_CR29","unstructured":"Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company."},{"issue":"1","key":"4721_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2307\/2538636","volume":"9","author":"SW Van Evera","year":"1984","unstructured":"Van Evera, S. W. (1984): The cult of the offensive and the origins of the first World War.   International Security 9(1), 58\u2013107.","journal-title":"International Security"},{"issue":"3","key":"4721_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2307\/2538906","volume":"15","author":"SW Van Evera","year":"1990","unstructured":"Van Evera, S. W. (1990): Primed for peace: Europe after the Cold War. International Security 15(3), 7\u201357.","journal-title":"International Security"},{"key":"4721_CR28","volume-title":"Theory of international politics","author":"KN Waltz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04721-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04721-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04721-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T17:58:42Z","timestamp":1686074322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04721-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04721-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}