{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:46:11Z","timestamp":1780523171807,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J5-3101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J5-3101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P5-0168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P5-0168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Doctoral studies play a vital role in socializing young individuals in science as they navigate the challenges of modern knowledge-based societies. Taking various forms and intensities, the mentor\u2013mentee relationship is integral to this process. The paper therefore addresses the temporal patterns of scientific collaboration between mentors and mentees, as well as among co-mentors, given that understanding the characteristics of mentoring collaborations is essential for developing successful higher education strategies for attracting potential doctoral students and designing effective science policies. Patterns of collaboration were identified using a symbolic data clustering approach and described using linear discriminant analysis. The data come from national information systems in Slovenia and cover the period between 1991 and 2020. On the mentor\u2013mentee level, six types of scientific collaborations were identified and classified in three broader categories:<jats:italic>study-limited<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>already established<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>born and raised<\/jats:italic>. The most common,<jats:italic>born and raised,<\/jats:italic>is characterized by students who are isolated from the scientific community at the beginning of their studies and have become well integrated into the scientific community and highly productive researchers by the time they complete their doctoral studies. The<jats:italic>study-limited<\/jats:italic>collaboration pattern is becoming increasingly popular and more common in the natural and technical sciences. The<jats:italic>already established<\/jats:italic>is more common among older mentees. The notion that mentoring promotes long-term scientific collaboration between mentors is not confirmed by the presented study. However, higher levels of collaboration between mentors are associated with younger age, working in the same scientific discipline, and younger mentors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04900-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T07:01:56Z","timestamp":1705129316000},"page":"1055-1077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal patterns of scientific collaboration in doctoral studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1715-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Cugmas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc","family":"Mali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"Kronegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4900_CR1","volume-title":"Chaos of disciplines","author":"A Abbott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbott, A. (2010). Chaos of disciplines. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"4900_CR2","volume-title":"Creativity in context","author":"T Amabile","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amabile, T. (1996). Creativity in context. Westview Press."},{"key":"4900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-013-9702-0","volume":"68","author":"A Arzen\u0161ek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arzen\u0161ek, A., Ko\u0161mrlj, K., & \u0160irca, N. T. (2014). Slovenian young researchers\u2019 motivation for knowledge transfer. Higher Education, 68, 185\u2013206.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"4900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1079702","volume":"42","author":"W Bastalich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bastalich, W. (2017). Content and context in knowledge production: A critical review of doctoral supervision literature. Studies in Higher Education, 42(7), 1145\u20131157.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"4900_CR5","volume-title":"clamix\u2014Clustering symbolic objects (1.03) [R]","author":"V Batagelj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Batagelj, V., & Kej\u017ear, N. (2019). clamix\u2014Clustering symbolic objects (1.03) [R]. University of Ljubljana."},{"issue":"2","key":"4900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-011-9488-x","volume":"64","author":"D Bienkowska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bienkowska, D., & Klofsten, M. (2012). Creating entrepreneurial networks: Academic entrepreneurship, mobility and collaboration during PhD education. Higher Education, 64(2), 207\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10734-011-9488-x","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"4900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470090183","volume-title":"Symbolic data analysis: Conceptual statistics and data mining john wiley","author":"L Billard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Billard, L., & Diday, E. (2006). Symbolic data analysis: Conceptual statistics and data mining john wiley. Search In."},{"key":"4900_CR8","volume-title":"Analysis of symbolic data: Exploratory methods for extracting statistical information from complex data","author":"H-H Bock","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bock, H.-H., & Diday, E. (1999). Analysis of symbolic data: Exploratory methods for extracting statistical information from complex data. Springer."},{"key":"4900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-017-0168-3","volume":"75","author":"EM Brodin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brodin, E. M. (2018). The stifling silence around scholarly creativity in doctoral education: Experiences of students and supervisors in four disciplines. Higher Education, 75, 655\u2013673.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"4900_CR10","unstructured":"Bologna Declaration. (1999). The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999: Joint declaration of the European Ministers of Education. http:\/\/www.ehea.info\/page-ministerial-conference-bologna-1999"},{"key":"4900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012691360-6\/50009-4","volume-title":"Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling","author":"MT Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown, M. T., & Wicker, L. R. (2000). 8\u2014Discriminant Analysis. In H. E. A. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 209\u2013235). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012691360-6\/50009-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"4900_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.7906\/indecs.20.4.12","volume":"20","author":"L Bulian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bulian, L., \u010cavar, I., & Mance, Z. (2022). \u201cIt\u2019s dangerous to go Alone!\u201d Scientific excellence of PhD holders and their mentors-network analysis of croatian doctoral students. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 20(4), 483\u2013499.","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"4900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2022.104561","volume":"51","author":"A Corsini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corsini, A., Pezzoni, M., & Visentin, F. (2022). What makes a productive Ph.D. student? Research Policy, 51(10), 104561.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1790-4","volume":"106","author":"M Cugmas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cugmas, M., Ferligoj, A., & Kronegger, L. (2016). The stability of co-authorship structures. Scientometrics, 106(1), 163\u2013186.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03708-x","volume":"125","author":"M Cugmas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cugmas, M., Mali, F., & \u017diberna, A. (2020). Scientific collaboration of researchers and organizations: A two-level blockmodeling approach. Scientometrics, 125(3), 2471\u20132489.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"4900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04671-z","volume":"128","author":"LF de Miranda Grochocki","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Miranda Grochocki, L. F., & Cabello, A. F. (2023). Research collaboration networks in maturing academic environments. Scientometrics, 128(4), 2535\u20132556.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"4900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-021-01240-7","volume":"85","author":"JM DeJesus","year":"2021","unstructured":"DeJesus, J. M., Umscheid, V. A., & Gelman, S. A. (2021). When gender matters in scientific communication: The role of generic language. Sex Roles, 85(9), 577\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-021-01240-7","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/030631201031001005","volume":"31","author":"S Delamont","year":"2001","unstructured":"Delamont, S., & Atkinson, P. (2001). Doctoring uncertainty: Mastering craft knowledge. Social Studies of Science, 31(1), 87\u2013107.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"4900_CR19","volume-title":"Building the foundations of research: A vision for the future of doctoral education in Europe","author":"Euacde","year":"2022","unstructured":"Euacde. (2022). Building the foundations of research: A vision for the future of doctoral education in Europe. European University Association."},{"key":"4900_CR20","volume-title":"The EU in support of the Bologna Process","author":"European Commission","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Commission. (2018). The EU in support of the Bologna Process. Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"4900_CR21","unstructured":"EUROSTAT. (2022). Tertiary education statistics. Eurostat Statistics Explained. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Tertiary_education_statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1585-7","volume":"104","author":"A Ferligoj","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferligoj, A., Kronegger, L., Mali, F., Snijders, T., & Doreian, P. (2015). Scientific collaboration dynamics in a national scientific system. Scientometrics, 104(3), 985\u20131012.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007087400012875","volume":"7","author":"M Gowing","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gowing, M. (1974). Scientific knowledge and its social problems. The British Journal for the History of Science, 7(1), 72\u201375.","journal-title":"The British Journal for the History of Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"4900_CR24","first-page":"866","volume":"51","author":"B Groboljsek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Groboljsek, B., Ferligoj, A., Mali, F., Kronegger, L., & Iglic, H. (2014). The role and significance of scientific collaboration for the new emerging sciences: The case of Slovenia. Teorija in Praksa, 51(5), 866\u2013885.","journal-title":"Teorija in Praksa"},{"key":"4900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4337\/9781845421687","volume-title":"Creative knowledge environments: The influences on creativity in research and innovation","author":"S Hemlin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hemlin, S., Allwood, C. M., & Martin, B. R. (2004). Creative knowledge environments: The influences on creativity in research and innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing."},{"issue":"2","key":"4900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-1849-x","volume":"107","author":"D Henriksen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henriksen, D. (2016). The rise in co-authorship in the social sciences (1980\u20132013). Scientometrics, 107(2), 455\u2013476.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2017.1341755","volume":"89","author":"KA Holley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holley, K. A. (2018). The longitudinal career experiences of interdisciplinary neuroscience PhD recipients. The Journal of Higher Education, 89(1), 106\u2013127.","journal-title":"The Journal of Higher Education"},{"issue":"9","key":"4900_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914221117","volume":"117","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, J., Gates, A. J., Sinatra, R., & Barab\u00e1si, A.-L. (2020). Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(9), 4609\u20134616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1914221117","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2015.1058352","volume":"42","author":"M Hutchings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hutchings, M. (2017). Improving doctoral support through group supervision: Analysing face-to-face and technology-mediated strategies for nurturing and sustaining scholarship. Studies in Higher Education, 42(3), 533\u2013550.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"4900_CR30","unstructured":"Institute of Information Science. (2022, March 23). Typology of documents\/works for bibliography management in COBISS. IZUM. https:\/\/home.izum.si\/cobiss\/bibliografije\/tipologija_eng.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(96)00917-1","volume":"26","author":"JS Katz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Katz, J. S., & Martin, B. R. (1997). What is research collaboration? Research Policy, 26(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4900_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11634-020-00425-4","volume":"15","author":"N Kej\u017ear","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kej\u017ear, N., Korenjak-\u010cerne, S., & Batagelj, V. (2021). Clustering of modal-valued symbolic data. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 15(2), 513\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11634-020-00425-4","journal-title":"Advances in Data Analysis and Classification"},{"issue":"5","key":"4900_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bar.2019.100874","volume":"52","author":"A Khosa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khosa, A., Burch, S., Ozdil, E., & Wilkin, C. (2020). Current issues in PhD supervision of accounting and finance students: Evidence from Australia and New Zealand. The British Accounting Review, 52(5), 100874.","journal-title":"The British Accounting Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205395171452848","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951714528481","volume":"1","author":"R Kitchin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitchin, R. (2014). Big data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts. Big Data & Society, 1(1), 2053951714528481.","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"4900_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983938","volume-title":"Discriminant analysis","author":"WR Klecka","year":"1980","unstructured":"Klecka, W. R., Iversen, G. R., & Klecka, W. R. (1980). Discriminant analysis. Sage."},{"key":"4900_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2317-y","volume":"111","author":"KM Kniffin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kniffin, K. M., & Hanks, A. S. (2017). Antecedents and near-term consequences for interdisciplinary dissertators. Scientometrics, 111, 1225\u20131250.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.51936\/sgun7734","volume":"8","author":"T Kogov\u0161ek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kogov\u0161ek, T., Hlebec, V., & Ferligoj, A. (2011). From busy bees to science geeks and party animals: A typology of Slovenian doctoral students. Advances in Methodology and Statistics, 8(2), 121\u2013136.","journal-title":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"4900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9484-3","volume":"45","author":"L Kronegger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kronegger, L., Ferligoj, A., & Doreian, P. (2011). On the dynamics of national scientific systems. Quality & Quantity, 45(5), 989\u20131015.","journal-title":"Quality & Quantity"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3152\/147154402781776961","volume":"11","author":"G Laudel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laudel, G. (2002). What do we measure by co-authorship? Research Evaluation, 11(1), 3\u201315.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"key":"4900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l6573","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6573","volume":"367","author":"MJ Lerchenmueller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lerchenmueller, M. J., Sorenson, O., & Jena, A. B. (2019). Gender differences in how scientists present the importance of their research: Observational study. BMJ (clinical Research Ed.), 367, l6573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6573","journal-title":"BMJ (clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4900_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2021.101207","volume":"15","author":"W Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu, W., Ren, Y., Huang, Y., Bu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Scientific collaboration and career stages: An ego-centric perspective. Journal of Informetrics, 15(4), 101207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2021.101207","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4900_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/095042229801200604","volume":"12","author":"F Mali","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mali, F. (1998). The eastern European transition: Barriers to cooperation between university and industry in post-communist countries. Industry and Higher Education, 12(6), 347\u2013356.","journal-title":"Industry and Higher Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"4900_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00047-5","volume":"29","author":"V Mangematin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mangematin, V. (2000). PhD job market: Professional trajectories and incentives during the PhD. Research Policy, 29(6), 741\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00047-5","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"55","key":"4900_CR44","first-page":"71","volume":"23","author":"U Mateli\u010d","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mateli\u010d, U., Mali, F., & Ferligoj, A. (2007). Kreativno okolje in uspe\u0161nost mladih raziskovalcev. Druzboslovne Razprave, 23(55), 71\u201394.","journal-title":"Druzboslovne Razprave"},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1174\/021037013807533061","volume":"36","author":"L McAlpine","year":"2013","unstructured":"McAlpine, L. (2013). Doctoral supervision: Not an individual but a collective institutional responsibility. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 36(3), 259\u2013280.","journal-title":"Infancia y Aprendizaje"},{"key":"4900_CR46","volume-title":"The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations","author":"RK Merton","year":"1973","unstructured":"Merton, R. K. (1973). The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"4900_CR47","unstructured":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation. (2023). eV\u0160 evidenca visoko\u0161olskih zavodov in \u0161tudijskih programov. https:\/\/www.gov.si\/teme\/evs-evidenca-visokosolskih-zavodov-in-studijskih-programov\/"},{"key":"4900_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-012-9564-x","volume":"65","author":"HM Nordentoft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nordentoft, H. M., Thomsen, R., & Wichmann-Hansen, G. (2013). Collective academic supervision: A model for participation and learning in higher education. Higher Education, 65, 581\u2013593.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"4900_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD. (2022). Education at a Glance 2022. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/content\/publication\/3197152b-en","DOI":"10.1787\/3197152b-en"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145146","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145146","volume":"11","author":"M Pezzoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pezzoni, M., Mairesse, J., Stephan, P., & Lane, J. (2016). Gender and the publication output of graduate students: A case study. PLoS ONE, 11(1), e0145146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0145146","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4900_CR51","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2008","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2008). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"issue":"7","key":"4900_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.03.015","volume":"41","author":"I Rafols","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rafols, I., Leydesdorff, L., O\u2019Hare, A., Nightingale, P., & Stirling, A. (2012). How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinary research: A comparison between innovation studies and business & management. Research Policy, 41(7), 1262\u20131282.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"4900_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003075158","volume-title":"Scientific knowledge and its social problems","author":"JR Ravetz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ravetz, J. R. (2020). Scientific knowledge and its social problems. Routledge."},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/87567555.2015.1125839","volume":"64","author":"RA Revelo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Revelo, R. A., & Loui, M. C. (2016). A developmental model of research mentoring. College Teaching, 64(3), 119\u2013129.","journal-title":"College Teaching"},{"issue":"7","key":"4900_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000322","volume":"111","author":"A Roach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roach, A., Christensen, B. K., & Rieger, E. (2019). The essential ingredients of research supervision: A discrete-choice experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(7), 1243.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"21","key":"4900_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnw247","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw247","volume":"363","author":"ML Rodrigues","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodrigues, M. L., Nimrichter, L., & Cordero, R. J. (2016). The benefits of scientific mobility and international collaboration. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 363(21), fnw247.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"4900_CR57","unstructured":"Romih, T., Slavec, A., & \u017ditnik, S. (2020). Trg dela v sloveniji za raziskovalce na za\u010detku kariere (2010\u20132019): Poro\u010dilo, nastalo v okviru projekta \u2018Reducing the Precarity of Research Careers\u2019 v organizaciji OECD, kjer kot dele\u017enik sodeluje Eurodoc. Dru\u0161tvo Mlada akademija."},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2012.62.3.11","volume":"62","author":"AH Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt, A. H., Robbins, A. S., Combs, J. K., Freeburg, A., Jesperson, R. G., Rogers, H. S., Sheldon, K. S., & Wheat, E. (2012). A new model for training graduate students to conduct interdisciplinary, interorganizational, and international research. BioScience, 62(3), 296\u2013304.","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"issue":"9","key":"4900_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001771","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001771","volume":"20","author":"LP Schwartz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwartz, L. P., Li\u00e9nard, J. F., & David, S. V. (2022). Impact of gender on the formation and outcome of formal mentoring relationships in the life sciences. PLOS Biology, 20(9), e3001771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001771","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"4900_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2023.128846","volume":"624","author":"J Sheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sheng, J., Liang, B., Wang, L., & Wang, X. (2023). Evolution of scientific collaboration based on academic ages. Physica a: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 624, 128846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physa.2023.128846","journal-title":"Physica a: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications"},{"key":"4900_CR61","unstructured":"Slovenian Research Agency. (2023a). Young researchers. Young Researchers. https:\/\/www.arrs.si\/en\/mr\/"},{"key":"4900_CR62","unstructured":"Slovenian Research Agency. (2023b, January 31). Classifications: Field of Research Classification (Classification of ARRS). Slovenian Researc Agency. https:\/\/www.arrs.si\/en\/gradivo\/sifranti\/sif-vpp.asp"},{"issue":"5","key":"4900_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.53761\/1.18.5.6","volume":"18","author":"DD Stevens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stevens, D. D., Chetty, R., Bertrand Jones, T., Yallew, A., & Butler-Henderson, K. (2021). Doctoral supervision and COVID-19: Autoethnographies from four faculty across three continents. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 18(5), 6.","journal-title":"Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice"},{"key":"4900_CR64","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"BG Tabachnick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.","edition":"6"},{"key":"4900_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(14)00747-3","volume":"14","author":"A Tarvid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarvid, A. (2014). Motivation to study for PhD degree: Case of Latvia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 14, 585\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2212-5671(14)00747-3","journal-title":"Procedia Economics and Finance"},{"issue":"3","key":"4900_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1111\/acfi.12376","volume":"60","author":"LA Unda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Unda, L. A., Khosa, A., Burch, S., & Wilkin, C. (2020). Sustainability of the accounting and finance academic profession: Students\u2019 and supervisors\u2019 views about the PhD supervision process. Accounting & Finance, 60(3), 3103\u20133132.","journal-title":"Accounting & Finance"},{"issue":"1","key":"4900_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2388-9","volume":"112","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, W., Yu, S., Bekele, T. M., Kong, X., & Xia, F. (2017). Scientific collaboration patterns vary with scholars\u2019 academic ages. Scientometrics, 112(1), 329\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-017-2388-9","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4900_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.53761\/1.16.2.7","volume":"16","author":"R Watson Todd","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson Todd, R., & Louw, S. (2019). Individual networks of practice for PhD research socialisation. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 16(2), 14.","journal-title":"Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice"},{"key":"4900_CR69","volume-title":"The intellectual and social organisation of the sciences","author":"R Whitley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Whitley, R. (1984). The intellectual and social organisation of the sciences. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"4900_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.968541","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y., & Cai, J. (2022). Profiles of PhD students\u2019 satisfaction and their relationships with demographic characteristics and academic career enthusiasm. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.968541","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04900-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04900-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04900-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1731025532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04900-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-023-04900-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This research was approved by the Workplace Ethics Committee (801-2022-016\/JG) at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}