{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:26:33Z","timestamp":1766579193315,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN2017NKWYFC","PRIN2017NKWYFC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN2017NKWYFC","PRIN2017NKWYFC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-04959-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T17:03:02Z","timestamp":1708707782000},"page":"5915-5935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Do research assessment systems have the potential to hinder scientists from diversifying their research pursuits?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0731-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Abramo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciriaco Andrea","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1577-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Di Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s40888-015-0016-9","volume":"32","author":"G Abramo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abramo, G., & D\u2019Angelo, C. A. (2015). An assessment of the first \u201cscientific accreditation\u201d for university appointments in Italy. Economia Politica-Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, 32(3), 329\u2013357.","journal-title":"Economia Politica-Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics"},{"key":"4959_CR2","unstructured":"Abramo, G., & D\u2019Angelo, C.A. (2023). The effect of bibliometric research performance assessment on the specialization vs diversification strategies of scientists. Proceedings of the 19th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference - (ISSI 2023) 2\u20135 July 2023, Bloomington, Indiana-US."},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2529-1","volume":"114","author":"G Abramo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Di Costa, F. (2018a). The effects of gender, age and academic rank on research diversification. Scientometrics, 114(2), 373\u2013387.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4959_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2018.06.010","volume":"82\u201383","author":"G Abramo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Di Costa, F. (2019). Diversification versus specialization in scientific research: Which strategy pays off? Technovation, 82\u201383, 51\u201357.","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"issue":"4","key":"4959_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2021.101204","volume":"15","author":"G Abramo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Grilli, L. (2021). The effects of citation-based research evaluation schemes on self-citation behaviour. Journal of Informetrics, 15(4), 101204.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4959_CR6","first-page":"761","volume":"42","author":"G Abramo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Rosati, F. (2015). The determinants of academic career advancement: Evidence from Italy. Science and Public Policy, 42(6), 761\u2013774.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"4959_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2018.09.001","volume":"12","author":"G Abramo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Zhang, L. (2018b). A comparison of two approaches for measuring interdisciplinary research output: The disciplinary diversity of authors vs the disciplinary diversity of the reference list. Journal of Informetrics, 12(4), 1182\u20131193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2018.09.001","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"4959_CR8","unstructured":"Allmendinger, J. (2015). Quests for interdisciplinarity: A challenge for the ERA and HORIZON 2020 Policy Brief by the Research, Innovation, and Science Policy Experts (RISE). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/0309a87c-7276-11e5-9317-01aa75ed71a1\/language-en. Last access 9 January 2024."},{"issue":"12","key":"4959_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421286112","volume":"112","author":"TS Bateman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bateman, T. S., & Hess, A. M. (2015). Different personal propensities among scientists relate to deeper vs broader knowledge contributions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(12), 3653\u20133658.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"4959_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104256","volume":"50","author":"M Belkhouja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belkhouja, M., Fattoum, S., & Yoon, H. D. (2021). Does greater diversification increase individual productivity? The moderating effect of attention allocation. Research Policy, 50(6), 104256.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2014.11.008","volume":"9","author":"T Chakraborty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chakraborty, T., Tammana, V., Ganguly, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2015). Understanding and modeling diverse scientific careers of researchers. Journal of Informetrics, 9(1), 69\u201378.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7146\/jod.18596","volume":"3","author":"JN Cummings","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cummings, J. N., & Kiesler, S. (2014). Organization theory and the changing nature of science. Journal of Organization Design, 3(3), 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Journal of Organization Design"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21460","volume":"62","author":"CA D\u2019Angelo","year":"2011","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo, C. A., Giuffrida, C., & Abramo, G. (2011). A heuristic approach to author name disambiguation in bibliometrics databases for large-scale research assessments. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(2), 257\u2013269.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvv038","volume":"25","author":"S de Rijcke","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Rijcke, S., Wouters, P. F., Rushforth, A. D., Franssen, T. P., & Hammarfelt, B. (2016). Evaluation practices and effects of indicator use-a literature review. Research Evaluation, 25(2), 161\u2013169.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"issue":"9","key":"4959_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.07.001","volume":"44","author":"S Della Sala","year":"2008","unstructured":"Della Sala, S., & Brooks, J. (2008). Multi-authors\u2019 self-citation: A further impact factor bias? Cortex, 44(9), 1139\u20131145.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2016.0223","volume":"34","author":"MA Edwards","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edwards, M. A., & Roy, S. (2017). Academic research in the 21st Century: Maintaining scientific integrity in a climate of perverse incentives and hypercompetition. Environmental Engineering Science, 34(1), 51\u201361.","journal-title":"Environmental Engineering Science"},{"issue":"42","key":"4959_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212247109","volume":"109","author":"FC Fang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fang, F. C., Steen, R. G., & Casadevall, A. (2012). Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 109(42), 17028\u201317033.","journal-title":"Proceeding of the National Academy of Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"4959_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2022.104553","volume":"51","author":"M Fontana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fontana, M., Iori, M., Sciabolazza, V. L., & Souza, D. (2022). The interdisciplinarity dilemma: Public versus private interests. Research Policy, 51(7), 104553.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"4959_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/13662716.2016.1264067","volume":"24","author":"C Franzoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franzoni, C., & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2017). Academic tenure, risk-taking and the diversification of scientific research. Industry and Innovation, 24(7), 691\u2013712.","journal-title":"Industry and Innovation"},{"issue":"9263","key":"4959_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04356-7","volume":"357","author":"M Gerosa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gerosa, M. (2001). Competition for academic promotion in Italy. Lancet, 357(9263), 1208\u20131208.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4959_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09785-5_8","volume-title":"Incentives and Performance","author":"S Haustein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haustein, S., & Larivi\u00e8re, V. (2015). The use of bibliometrics for assessing research: Possibilities, limitations and adverse effects. In I. M. Welpe, J. Wollersheim, S. Ringelhan, & M. Osterloh (Eds.), Incentives and Performance (pp. 121\u2013139). Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"4959_CR22","unstructured":"Hazelkorn, E. (2010). Pros and cons of research assessment, in World Social Science Report. Knowledge Divides 2010 (UNESCO Press, 2010), pp. 255\u201358."},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.09.007","volume":"41","author":"D Hicks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hicks, D. (2012). Performance-based university research funding systems. Research Policy, 41(2), 251\u2013261.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5465\/amle.2010.0084","volume":"11","author":"B Honig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Honig, B., & Bedi, A. (2012). The fox in the hen house: A critical examination of plagiarism among members of the academy of management. Academy of Management. Learning and Education, 11(1), 101\u2013123.","journal-title":"Academy of Management. Learning and Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551519837191","volume":"46","author":"HR Jamali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jamali, H. R., Abbasi, A., & Bornmann, L. (2020). Research diversification and its relationship with publication counts and impact: A case study based on Australian professors. Journal of Information Science, 46(1), 131\u2013144.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/0001839216665364","volume":"62","author":"E Leahey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leahey, E., Beckman, C. M., & Stanko, T. L. (2017). Prominent but less productive: The impact of interdisciplinarity on scientists\u2019 research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(1), 105\u2013139.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rssm.2009.12.001","volume":"28","author":"E Leahey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leahey, E., Keith, B., & Crockett, J. (2010). Specialization and promotion in an academic discipline. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 28(2), 135\u2013155.","journal-title":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility"},{"issue":"4","key":"4959_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1257\/00028280260344498","volume":"92","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nagin, D. S., Rebitzer, J. B., Sanders, S., & Lowell, J. T. (2002). Monitoring, motivation, and management: The determinants of opportunistic behaviour in a field experiment. American Economic Review, 92(4), 850\u2013873.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.3091","volume":"41","author":"F Nagle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagle, F., & Teodoridis, F. (2020). Jack of all trades and master of knowledge: The role of diversification in new distant knowledge integration. Strategic Management Journal, 41(1), 55\u201385.","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"4959_CR30","volume-title":"Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research","author":"National Academies of Science","year":"2005","unstructured":"National Academies of Science, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. (2005). Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research. The National Academies Press."},{"key":"4959_CR31","unstructured":"Perotti, R. (2008). L\u2019universit\u00e0 truccata. Einaudi, Torino ISBN: 978\u20138\u20138061\u20139360\u20137."},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1162\/qss_a_00191","volume":"3","author":"H Pinheiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinheiro, H., Durning, M., & Campbell, D. (2022). Do women undertake interdisciplinary research more than men, and do self-citations bias observed differences? Quantitative Science Studies, 3(2), 363\u2013392.","journal-title":"Quantitative Science Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-008-2197-2","volume":"81","author":"A Porter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porter, A., & Rafols, I. (2009). Is science becoming more interdisciplinary? Measuring and mapping six research fields over time. Scientometrics, 81(3), 719\u2013745.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"4959_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2012.03.015","volume":"41","author":"I Rafols","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rafols, I., Leydesdorff, L., O\u2019Hare, A., Nightingale, P., & Stirling, A. (2012). How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinary research: A comparison between Innovation Studies and Business & Management. Research Policy, 41(7), 1262\u20131282.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scu048","volume":"42","author":"JV Rekers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rekers, J. V., & Hansen, T. (2015). Interdisciplinary research and geography: Overcoming barriers through proximity. Science and Public Policy, 42(2), 242\u2013254.","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"key":"4959_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2016.11.043","volume":"101","author":"G Schuitema","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schuitema, G., & Sintov, N. (2017). Should we quit our jobs? Challenges, barriers and recommendations for interdisciplinary energy research. Energy Policy, 101, 246\u2013250.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.12.004","volume":"48","author":"M Seeber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seeber, M., Cattaneo, M., Meoli, M., & Malighetti, P. (2019). Self-citations as strategic response to the use of metrics for career decisions. Research Policy, 48(2), 478\u2013491.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4959_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-007-1722-z","volume":"72","author":"A Sidiropoulos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sidiropoulos, A., Katsaros, D., & Manolopoulos, Y. (2007). Generalized Hirsch h-index for disclosing latent facts in citation networks. Scientometrics, 72(2), 253\u2013280.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"4959_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674062757","volume-title":"How economics shapes science","author":"P Stephan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stephan, P. (2012). How economics shapes science. Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"4959_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71009-7","volume":"10","author":"G Tripodi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tripodi, G., Chiaromonte, F., & Lillo, F. (2020). Knowledge and social relatedness shape research portfolio diversification. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"4959_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2010.11.001","volume":"40","author":"FJ van Rijnsoever","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Rijnsoever, F. J., & Hessels, L. K. (2011). Factors associated with disciplinary and interdisciplinary research collaboration. Research Policy, 40(3), 463\u2013472.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"4959_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilsdon, J. (2015). The metric tide: Independent review of the role of metrics in research assessment and management. Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473978782"},{"issue":"5827","key":"4959_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136099","volume":"316","author":"S Wuchty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wuchty, S., Jones, B. F., & Uzzi, B. (2007). The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. Science, 316(5827), 1036\u20131039.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4959_CR44","unstructured":"Zagaria, C. (2007). Processo all\u2019universit\u00e0. Cronache dagli atenei italiani tra inefficienze e malcostume. Dedalo."},{"key":"4959_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, A., Shen, Z., Zhou, J., Fan, Y., Di, Z., Wang, Y., Havlin, S. (2019). Increasing trend of scientists to switch between topics. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11401-8"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-024-04959-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-024-04959-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-024-04959-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T11:58:36Z","timestamp":1732276716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-024-04959-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-024-04959-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0138-9130"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1588-2861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors have a conflict of interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}