{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:18:52Z","timestamp":1781885932999,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1233189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1233189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study, taking Ukrainian universities as an example, aims, first, to contribute to the body of knowledge on the effects of QS Rankings and national policies inspired by it on universities\u2019 research assessment policies and their research output in Scopus. Second, to explore the relationship between different publication and authorship patterns\u00a0and the citation\u00a0impact. Dataset includes publications\u00a0of six Ukrainian universities assessed by QS Rankings 2025. The study findings highlight that QS Rankings has turned the means of universities into their ends. University performance is supposed to result in the quality of life, technological progress, economic and social well-being of the nation. Publications are just one of the means of achieving these ends. At the national level, the\u00a0state sustains means-ends decoupling overloading universities with multiple demands without providing beneficial conditions. Universities\u2019 managers also sustain means-ends decoupling, the degree of which varies among universities. Explored universities published extensively in Ukrainian Scopus-indexed, discontinued from Scopus and MDPI journals to increase output in Scopus rapidly. Conference papers constitute a large share of publications. They have a high impact only if the citations are normalised by document type but QS Rankings doesn\u2019t do this. Thus, their impact is small. The citation\u00a0impact of the articles falls from Q1 to Q4 quartile, while the share of articles\u00a0authored by only national authors increases. Ukrainian case shows that means-ends decoupling at global, national and organisational levels results in diversion of critical resources, both financial and human.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-05165-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T04:06:24Z","timestamp":1738037184000},"page":"969-997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ukrainian universities in QS World University Rankings: when the means become ends"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2907-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myroslava","family":"Hladchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"5165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04622-0","volume":"128","author":"G Abramo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abramo, G., D\u2019Angelo, C. A., & Di Costa, F. (2023). Correlating article citedness and journal impact: An empirical investigation by field on a large-scale dataset. Scientometrics, 128, 1877\u20131894.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c5slund, A. (2001). Ukraine\u2019s return to Economic Growth. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 42(5), 313\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1080\/10889388.2001.10641174"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0366.00059","volume":"3","author":"S Borras","year":"2003","unstructured":"Borras, S. (2003). Questioning market-led agrarian reform: Experiences from Brazil, Colombia and South Africa. Journal of Agrarian Change, 3(3), 367\u2013394.","journal-title":"Journal of Agrarian Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vgie.2018.07.009","volume":"39","author":"D Bowman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowman, D., & Kinnan, S. (2018). Creating effective titles for your scientific publications. VideoGIE, 39(3), 260\u2013261.","journal-title":"VideoGIE"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5465\/19416520.2012.684462","volume":"6","author":"P Bromley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bromley, P., & Powell, W. (2012). From smoke and mirrors to walking the talk: Decoupling in the contemporary world. The Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 483\u2013530.","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Annals"},{"issue":"6","key":"5165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1108\/09696470310497168","volume":"10","author":"M Browaeys","year":"2003","unstructured":"Browaeys, M., & Baets, W. (2003). Cultural complexity: A new epistemological perspective. The Learning Organization, 10(6), 332\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/09696470310497168","journal-title":"The Learning Organization"},{"key":"5165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(02)00007-0","volume":"32","author":"L Butler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Butler, L. (2003). Explaining Australia\u2019s increased share of ISI publications\u2014the effects of a funding formula based on publication counts. Research Policy, 32, 143\u2013155.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"5165_CR7","unstructured":"Cabinet Ministers of Ukraine (2017). On approval of the regulations of state attestation of research institutions and higher education institutions, Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/540-2017-%D0%BF#Text"},{"key":"5165_CR8","unstructured":"Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2015). On approval of the licensing of education activity, Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/1187-2015-%D0%BF#Text"},{"key":"5165_CR9","unstructured":"Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2019). On performance-based funding of higher education institutions, Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/1146-2019-%D0%BF#n18"},{"key":"5165_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callaham, M., Wears, R. L., & Weber, E. (2002). Journal prestige, publication bias, and other characteristics associated with citation of published studies in peer-reviewed journals. Jama, 287(21), 2847\u20132850.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.21.2847"},{"key":"5165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cernat, V. The unprincipled principal: how Romania\u2019s inconsistent research reform impacted scientific output. Scientometrics (2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-05118-9"},{"key":"5165_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chirikov, I. (2023). Does conflict of interest distort global university rankings?. Higher Education, 86(4), 791\u2013808.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-022-00942-5"},{"key":"5165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04586-1","volume":"128","author":"G Csom\u00f3s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Csom\u00f3s, G., & Farkas, J. Z. (2023). Understanding the increasing market share of the academic publisher \u201cmultidisciplinary digital publishing institute\u201d in the publication output of central and eastern European countries: A case study of Hungary. Scientometrics, 128, 803\u2013824.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"5165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840615575191","volume":"36","author":"P Dick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dick, P. (2015). From rational myth to self-fulfilling prophecy? Understanding the persistence of means-ends decoupling as a consequence of the latent functions of policy enactment. Organization Studies, 36(7), 897\u2013924.","journal-title":"Organization Studies"},{"key":"5165_CR14","unstructured":"Higher Education (2011). Ukrainian universities at first in the global rankings, Retrieved from http:\/\/vnz.org.ua\/statti\/879-ukrayinski-vnz-upershe-v-mizhnarodnomu-rejtyngu-zadovoleni-ne-vsi"},{"issue":"21","key":"5165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7717","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2505","volume":"6","author":"CW Fox","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fox, C. W., Paine, C. E. T., & Sauterey, B. (2016). Citations increase with manuscript length, author number, and references cited in ecology journals. Ecology and Evolution, 6(21), 7717\u20137726.","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"10","key":"5165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013636","volume":"5","author":"Y Gargouri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gargouri, Y., Hajjem, C., Larivi\u00e8re, V., Gingras, Y., Carr, L., Brody, T., & Harnad, S. (2010). Self-selected or mandated, open access increases citation impact for higher quality research. PLoS ONE, 5(10), e13636.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"5165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1080\/01436590701637375","volume":"28","author":"S Gauster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gauster, S., & Isakson, R. (2007). Eliminating market distortions, perpetuating rural inequality: An evaluation of market-assisted land reform in Guatermala. Third World Quarterly, 28(8), 1519\u20131536.","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-017-2332-z","volume":"111","author":"M Grancay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grancay, M., Vveinhardt, J., & Sumilo, E. (2017). Publish or perish: How central and eastern European economists have dealt with the ever-increasing academic publishing requirements 2000\u20132015. Scientometrics, 111(3), 1813\u20131837.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"5165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5465\/19416520.2011.590299","volume":"5","author":"R Greenwood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenwood, R., Raynard, M., Micelotta, E., & Lounsbury, M. (2011). Institutional complexity and organizational responses. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(11), 317\u2013371.","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Annals"},{"key":"5165_CR21","unstructured":"Grodal, S. & O\u2019Mahony, S. (2015). From field consensus to fragmentation: How means-ends decoupling hinders progress on grand challenges. Retrieved from http:\/\/people.bu.edu\/grodal\/grand_challenge.pdf."},{"key":"5165_CR22","unstructured":"Hammergren, L. (1998). Fifteen years of judicial reform in Latin America: Where we are and why we haven\u2019t made more progress. Retrieved from ftp:\/\/67.210.238.245\/LocalUser\/pogarp\/judiciary\/linn2\/latin.pd"},{"issue":"2","key":"5165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/1360080X.2016.1150232","volume":"38","author":"M Hladchenko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hladchenko, M., de Boer, H. F., & Westerheijden, D. F. (2016). Establishing research universities in Ukrainian higher education: The incomplete journey of a structural reform. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 38(2), 111\u2013125.","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03844-4","volume":"126","author":"M Hladchenko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hladchenko, M., & Moed, H. F. (2021). National orientation of Ukrainian journals: Means-ends decoupling in a semi-peripheral state. Scientometrics, 126(3), 2365\u20132389.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/10564934.2021.1988858","volume":"53","author":"M Hladchenko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hladchenko, M., & Westerheijden, D. (2021). Time allocation of academics in Ukraine: Degree and gender correlates in a semi-peripheral state. European Education, 53(2), 76\u201389.","journal-title":"European Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2004.01.011","volume":"71","author":"N Homedes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Homedes, N., & Ugalde, A. (2005). Why neoliberal health reforms have failed in Latin America. Health Policy, 71(1), 83\u201396.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"5165_CR30","unstructured":"Jung, U., and Sharma, Y. (2023) Korean universities unite against QS ranking changes, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.universityworldnews.com\/post.php?story=20230704195008557"},{"key":"5165_CR31","unstructured":"V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University (2021). Order on one-time payments to academic staff for the achievement of the goals of the Strategy of development of university for 2019\u20132025."},{"key":"5165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6209-494-9_13","volume-title":"Drivers and barriers to achiving quality in higher education","author":"J Kohoutek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kohoutek, J., & Westerheijden, D. (2014). Opening the black box. In Eggins (Ed.), Drivers and barriers to achiving quality in higher education (pp. 167\u2013175). Rotterdam: SensePublishers."},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-019-03092-1","volume":"119","author":"P Korytkowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korytkowski, P., & Kulczycki, E. (2019). Examining how country-level science policy shapes publication patterns: The case of Poland. Scientometrics, 119(3), 1519\u20131543.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudeila, S. (2012). The source of continuity and change of Ukraine\u2019s incomplete state. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 45, 417\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postcomstud.2012.06.006"},{"key":"5165_CR34","unstructured":"NTUU KPI (2021). Criteria of assessment of academics, Retrieved from https:\/\/osvita.kpi.ua\/sites\/default\/files\/downloads\/Normy_Reityng_NPP_2021-2022.pdf"},{"key":"5165_CR35","unstructured":"NTUU KPI (2022). Order on remuneration of academics for publications in journals indexed in Scopus and WoS, Retrieved from https:\/\/document.kpi.ua\/files\/2022_HOH-38.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"5165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1080\/01436590701637417","volume":"28","author":"E Lahiff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lahiff, E. (2007). \u2018Willing buyer, willing seller\u2019: South Africa\u2019s failed experiment in market-led agrarian reform. Third World Quarterly, 28(8), 1577\u20131597.","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"issue":"6837","key":"5165_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/35079151","volume":"411","author":"S Lawrence","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lawrence, S. (2001). Free online availability substantially increases a paper\u2019s impact. Nature, 411(6837), 521.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2150-8","volume":"109","author":"L Leydesdorff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., Wouters, P., & Bornmann, L. (2016). Professional and citizen bibliometrics: Complementarities and ambivalences in the development and use of indicators\u2014a state-of-the-art report. Scientometrics, 109, 2129\u20132150.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR106","unstructured":"Machacek, V., & Srholec, M. (2017). Local journals in Scopus https:\/\/knihovna.upce.cz\/sites\/default\/files\/idea_studie_17_2017_mistni_casopisy_ve_scopusu_92793.pdf"},{"key":"5165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03759-0","volume":"126","author":"S Mammola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mammola, S., Fontaneto, D., Mart\u00ednez, A., & Chichorro, F. (2021). Impact of the reference list features on the number of citations. Scientometrics, 126, 785\u2013799.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12061","volume":"49","author":"S Marginson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marginson, S. (2014). University rankings and social science. European Journal of Education, 49(1), 45\u201359.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"5165_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-022-00955-0","volume":"84","author":"S Marginson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marginson, S. (2022). Space and scale in higher education: The glonacal agency heuristic revisited. Higher Education, 84, 1365\u20131395.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"5165_CR42","first-page":"e60080","volume":"9","author":"A Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, A., & Mammola, S. (2020). Specialized terminology limits the reach of new scientific knowledge. BioRxiv, 9, e60080.","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"5165_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102506","volume":"36","author":"JW Meyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meyer, J. W. (2010). World society, institutional theories, and the actor. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1086\/231174","volume":"103","author":"JW Meyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M., & Ramirez, F. O. (1997). World society and the nation-state. American Journal of Sociology, 103(1), 144\u2013181.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"5165_CR45","first-page":"517","volume-title":"The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism","author":"R Meyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meyer, R. (2008). New sociology of knowledge: Historical legacy and contributions to current debate in institutional research. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, R. Suddaby, & K. Sahlin-Sndersson (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 517\u2013536). Sage."},{"key":"5165_CR46","unstructured":"Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sport of Ukraine (2012). On publishing the results of doctoral research, Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/z1851-12#Text"},{"key":"5165_CR47","unstructured":"Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2016). On approval of the regulation on awarding the scientific titles, Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/z0183-6#n14"},{"key":"5165_CR48","unstructured":"Ministry of Education of Ukraine. (1993). Pro zatverdzhennya Polozhennya pro organizatsiyu navchalnoho protsesu u vuschukh navchalnukh zakladakh [On approval of Regulation on the organization of the educational process at higher education institutions]. Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/z0173-93."},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.hep.8300175","volume":"21","author":"K Mohrman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mohrman, K., Ma, W., & Baker, D. (2008). The research university in transition: The emerging global model. Higher Education Policy, 21(1), 5\u201327.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03485-7","volume":"124","author":"S Nazarovets","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nazarovets, S. (2020). Letter to the editor: Controversial practice of rewarding for publications in national journals. Scientometrics, 124(1), 813\u2013818.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1464","author":"S Nazarovets","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nazarovets, S. (2022). Analysis of publications by authors of Ukrainian institutes in scopus-delisted titles. Learned Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/leap.1464","journal-title":"Learned Publishing"},{"issue":"1","key":"5165_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-023-04886-0","volume":"129","author":"S Nazarovets","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nazarovets, S. (2024). Visualization of rank-citation curves for fast detection of h-index anomalies in university metrics. Scientometrics, 129(1), 705\u2013711.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR53","unstructured":"NUKMA (2018). On approval of criteria of the assessment of performance of academics, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ukma.edu.ua\/index.php\/about-us\/sogodennya\/dokumenty-naukma\/doc_view\/751-polozhennia-pro-kryterii-pravyla-i-protsedury-otsiniuvannia-navchalno-metodychnoi-naukovoi-ta-orhanizatsiino-administratyvnoi-diialnosti-naukovo-pedahohichnykh-pedahohichnykh-pratsivnykiv-natsionalnoho-universytetu-kyievo-mohylianska-akademiia"},{"key":"5165_CR54","unstructured":"NUKMA (2023). Annual report 2022, Retrieved from https:\/\/ekmair.ukma.edu.ua\/items\/2e2a58fe-2399-4534-aa28-f864b696206a"},{"key":"5165_CR55","unstructured":"NULES (2022). On planning and assessment of work of academics, Retrieved from https:\/\/nubip.edu.ua\/sites\/default\/files\/u107\/polozhennya_pro_oblik_2022.pdf"},{"key":"5165_CR56","unstructured":"Osvita (2011). On how Ukrainian universities get into world rankings, Retrieved from https:\/\/osvita.ua\/abroad\/higher_school\/articles\/22909\/"},{"key":"5165_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-014-1510-5","volume":"102","author":"D Pajic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pajic, D. (2015). Globalization of the social sciences in Eastern Europe: Genuine breakthrough or a slippery slope of the research evaluation practice? Scientometrics, 102, 2131\u20132150.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR58","unstructured":"Parliament of Ukraine (2014) Law on higher education, Retrieved from https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/1556-18#Text"},{"key":"5165_CR59","unstructured":"QS Intelligence Unit Services. (2021). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.iu.qs.com\/services\/"},{"key":"5165_CR60","unstructured":"QS (2022). Faculty area normalization, Retrieved from https:\/\/support.qs.com\/hc\/en-gb\/articles\/360021456540-Faculty-Area-Normalization"},{"key":"5165_CR61","unstructured":"QS (2023). International Research Network (IRN) Index, Retrieved from https:\/\/support.qs.com\/hc\/en-gb\/articles\/360021865579-International-Research-Network-IRN-Index"},{"key":"5165_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riabchuk, M. (2009). Dubious strength of a \u2018weak state\u2019: The post-Soviet Ukraine in the nineties. In J. Macr\u00f3w (Eds.), Autoritarismus in Mittel-und Osteuropa (pp. 262\u2013274). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-531-91615-6_12"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvz014","volume":"28","author":"N Robinson-Garcia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robinson-Garcia, N., Torres-Salinas, D., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Docampo, D. (2019). Mining university rankings: Publication output and citation impact as their basis. Research Evaluation, 28(3), 232\u2013240.","journal-title":"Research Evaluation"},{"key":"5165_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/9781487545154-005","author":"CM Sa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sa, C. M., Kachynska, N., & Sabzalieva, E. (2021). 2 unfolding national approaches to university rankings in Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Global University Rankings and the Politics of Knowledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/9781487545154-005","journal-title":"Global University Rankings and the Politics of Knowledge"},{"issue":"2","key":"5165_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1787\/hemp-v19-2-en","volume":"19","author":"J Salmi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salmi, J., & Saroyan, A. (2007). League tables as policy instruments: Uses and misuses. Higher Education Management and Policy, 19(2), 1\u201338.","journal-title":"Higher Education Management and Policy"},{"key":"5165_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahjahan, R. A., Grimm, A., & Allen, R. M. (2021). The LOOMING DISASTER for higher education: How commercial rankers use social media to amplify and foster affect. Higher Education, 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-021-00762-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/17508487.2020.1748078","volume":"63","author":"RA Shahjahan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shahjahan, R. A., Sonneveldt, E. L., Estera, A. L., & Bae, S. (2022). Emoscapes and commercial university rankers: The role of affect in global higher education policy. Critical Studies in Education, 63(3), 275\u2013290.","journal-title":"Critical Studies in Education"},{"key":"5165_CR68","unstructured":"Staff, W. (2021). Understanding the methodology: QS world university rankings, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.topuniversities.com\/university-rankings-articles\/world-university-rankings\/understanding-methodology-qs-world-university-rankings"},{"key":"5165_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stegehuis, C., Litvak, N., & Waltman, L. (2015). Predicting the long-term citation impact of recent publications. Journal of informetrics, 9(3), 642\u2013657.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2015.06.005"},{"key":"5165_CR69","unstructured":"Sumy State University (2010). Order on remuneration for the research performance, Retrieved from https:\/\/normative.sumdu.edu.ua\/?task=getfile&tmpl=component&id=ccc53e36-f4aa-e411-9a30-001a4be6d04a&kind=1"},{"key":"5165_CR70","unstructured":"Sumy State University (2010). Methodology of ranking of departments, Retrieved from https:\/\/normative.sumdu.edu.ua\/?task=getfile&tmpl=component&id=74e5b644-a2b2-e011-856b-001a4be6d04a&kind=1&version=1701361313.8366"},{"key":"5165_CR71","unstructured":"Swissinfo (2024) University of Zurich withdraws from international university ranking, Retrieved from https:\/\/education.am\/abroad_en\/tpost\/48hm4eipi1-university-of-zurich-withdraws-from-inte"},{"issue":"3","key":"5165_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-1889-2","volume":"107","author":"I Tahamtan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tahamtan, I., Safipour Afshar, A., & Ahamdzadeh, K. (2016). Factors affecting number of citations: A comprehensive review of the literature. Scientometrics, 107(3), 1195\u20131225.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5165_CR73","unstructured":"Taras Shevchenko National University of Ukraine (2020). Annual report of the rector, Retrieved from https:\/\/knu.ua\/pdfs\/zvit\/zvit-rektora-2020.pdf"},{"key":"5165_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515241269499","author":"JA Teixeira da Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2024). How are global university rankings adjusted for erroneous science, fraud and misconduct? posterior reduction or adjustment in rankings in response to retractions and invalidation of scientific findings. Journal of Information Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01655515241269499","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"5165_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1162\/qss_a_00128","volume":"2","author":"VA Traag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Traag, V. A. (2021). Inferring the causal effect of journals on citations. Quantitative Science Studies, 2(2), 496\u2013504.","journal-title":"Quantitative Science Studies"},{"key":"5165_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52326\/ic-ecco.2022\/MM.01","author":"D \u0162urcanu","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u0162urcanu, D., Siminiuc, R., & \u021aurcanu, T. (2023). Website performance analysis in relation to the visibility indicator of the WEbometrics ranking: Case study TOP universities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania. Electronics Communications and Computing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52326\/ic-ecco.2022\/MM.01","journal-title":"Electronics Communications and Computing"},{"key":"5165_CR78","unstructured":"QS Unisolution | About Us. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.qs.com\/for-institutions\/applied-solutions\/"},{"key":"5165_CR79","unstructured":"V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University (2020). Ranking assessment of the departments, Retrieved from https:\/\/old.karazin.ua\/docs\/work\/reityng-2020.pdf"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-024-05165-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-024-05165-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-024-05165-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T09:58:16Z","timestamp":1740995896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-024-05165-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-024-05165-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author has no conflict of interests in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}