{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:52:40Z","timestamp":1772769160190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-025-05465-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T09:11:02Z","timestamp":1762938662000},"page":"6191-6226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The displacement effects of US-China political tensions on China\u2019s international and domestic research collaboration: evidence from the \u201cChina initiative\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanrui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shawn Xiaoguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5465_CR1","unstructured":"Aghion, P., Antonin, C., Paluskiewicz, L., Stromberg, D., Wargon, R., Westin, K., & Sun, X. 2023. Does Chinese research hinge on US co-authors? Evidence from the China initiative."},{"key":"5465_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10290-022-00490-1","author":"L Alfaro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfaro, L., & Chor, D. (2023). Global Supply Chains: The Looming \u201cGreat Reallocation\u201d. Benguria, F. 2022. The global impact of the US\u2013China trade war: Firm-level evidence. Review of World Economics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10290-022-00490-1","journal-title":"Review of World Economics"},{"key":"5465_CR3","unstructured":"Appelbaum, R. P., Cao, C., Han, X., Parker, R., & Simon, D. (2018). Innovation in China: Challenging the global science and technology system. Wiley."},{"issue":"4","key":"5465_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2004.01.008","volume":"33","author":"B Bozeman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bozeman, B., & Corley, E. (2004). Scientists\u2019 collaboration strategies: Implications for scientific and technical human capital. Research Policy, 33(4), 599\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2004.01.008","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"5465_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/2057891116647806","volume":"1","author":"WA Callahan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Callahan, W. A. (2016). China\u2019s \u201cAsia Dream\u201d: The Belt and Road Initiative and the new regional order. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 1(3), 226\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2057891116647806","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Comparative Politics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5465_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2018.08.005","volume":"48","author":"K Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, K., Zhang, Y., & Fu, X. (2019). International research collaboration: An emerging domain of innovation studies? Research Policy, 48(1), 149\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2018.08.005","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"5465_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2017.01.001","volume":"147","author":"SX Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, S. X. (2017). The effect of a fiscal squeeze on tax enforcement: Evidence from a natural experiment in China. Journal of Public Economics, 147, 62\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2017.01.001","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"5465_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0106.12435","volume":"28","author":"B-Y Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi, B.-Y., & Nguyen, T. L. (2023). Trade diversion effects of the US\u2013China trade war on Vietnam. Pacific Economic Review (Oxford, England), 28(4), 570\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0106.12435","journal-title":"Pacific Economic Review (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"9","key":"5465_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10278","volume":"54","author":"B Cronin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cronin, B., Shaw, D., & La Barre, K. (2003). A cast of thousands: Coauthorship and subauthorship collaboration in the 20th century as manifested in the scholarly journal literature of psychology and philosophy. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(9), 855\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.10278","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"issue":"103","key":"5465_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/epolic\/eiaa016","volume":"35","author":"PH Egger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egger, P. H., & Zhu, J. (2020). The US\u2013Chinese trade war: An event study of stock-market responses. Economic Policy, 35(103), 519\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/epolic\/eiaa016","journal-title":"Economic Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"5465_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662515616552","volume":"26","author":"B Faehnrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faehnrich, B. (2017). Science diplomacy: Investigating the perspective of scholars on politics\u2013science collaboration in international affairs. Public Understanding of Science (Bristol, England), 26(6), 688\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963662515616552","journal-title":"Public Understanding of Science (Bristol, England)"},{"issue":"9","key":"5465_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3152\/030234210x12778118264530","volume":"37","author":"T Flink","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flink, T., & Schreiterer, U. (2010). Science diplomacy at the intersection of S&T policies and foreign affairs: Toward a typology of national approaches. Science & Public Policy, 37(9), 665\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3152\/030234210x12778118264530","journal-title":"Science & Public Policy"},{"key":"5465_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn, R., Glennon, B., Murciano-Goroff, R., & Xiao, J. (2024).\u00a0Building a wall around science: The effect of US-China tensions on international scientific research\u00a0(No. w32622). National Bureau of Economic Research.","DOI":"10.3386\/w32622"},{"issue":"3","key":"5465_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s40797-019-00109-9","volume":"6","author":"I Fusacchia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fusacchia, I. (2020). Evaluating the impact of the US\u2013China trade war on euro area economies: A tale of global value chains. Italian Economic Journal, 6(3), 441\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40797-019-00109-9","journal-title":"Italian Economic Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5465_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1162\/asep_a_00856","volume":"21","author":"H Geng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geng, H., Wu, Y., & Shi, X. (2022). International collaboration and research organization performance: Evidence from China. Asian Economic Papers, 21(3), 60\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/asep_a_00856","journal-title":"Asian Economic Papers"},{"issue":"7951","key":"5465_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-00543-x","volume":"615","author":"N Gilbert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gilbert, N. (2023). China initiative\u2019s shadow looms large for US scientists. Nature, 615(7951), 198\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-023-00543-x","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"5465_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010512628145","volume":"51","author":"W Glanzel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glanzel, W. (2001). National characteristics in international scientific co-authorship relations. Scientometrics, 51(1), 69\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1010512628145","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"5465_CR18","unstructured":"Gluckman, P., Turekian, V., Grimes, R., & Kishi, T. 2017. Science diplomacy: A pragmatic perspective from the inside. Science & Diplomacy, https:\/\/www.sciencediplomacy.org\/"},{"key":"5465_CR19","volume-title":"The US crackdown on Chinese economic espionage is a mess","author":"E Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, E., Aloe, J., & Hao, K. (2021). The US crackdown on Chinese economic espionage is a mess. MIT Technology Review.com."},{"issue":"4","key":"5465_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1625(80)90107-9","volume":"17","author":"FP Huddle","year":"1980","unstructured":"Huddle, F. P. (1980). Science, technology, U.S. diplomacy: History and 1978 legislation. Technological Forecasting and Social ChanGe, 17(4), 353\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0040-1625(80)90107-9","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social ChanGe"},{"issue":"19","key":"5465_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2301436121","volume":"121","author":"R Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia, R., Roberts, M. E., Wang, Y., & Yang, E. (2024). The impact of US\u2013China tensions on US science: Evidence from the NIH investigations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(19), Article e2301436121.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"5465_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2022.103687","volume":"140","author":"L Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, L., Lu, Y., Song, H., & Zhang, G. (2023). Responses of exporters to trade protectionism: Inferences from the US-China trade war. Journal of International Economics, 140, Article 103687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinteco.2022.103687","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5465_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(96)00917-1","volume":"26","author":"JS Katz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Katz, J. S., & Martin, B. R. (1997). What is research collaboration? Research Policy, 26(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0048-7333(96)00917-1","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"5465_CR24","unstructured":"Kitajima, K., & Okamura, K. (2023). Evolving landscape of US-China science collaboration: Convergence and divergence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.05033."},{"issue":"1","key":"5465_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-019-00464-7","volume":"80","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, J. J., & Haupt, J. P. (2020). Winners and losers in US-China scientific research collaborations. Higher Education, 80(1), 57\u201374.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"5465_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-024-04973-w","volume":"129","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, M., & Wang, Y. (2024). Influence of political tensions on scientific productivity, citation impact, and knowledge combinations. Scientometrics, 129(4), 2337\u20132370.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"5465_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1057\/s41267-023-00619-z","volume":"53","author":"Y Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo, Y. (2021). Illusions of techno-nationalism. Journal of International Business Studies, 53(3), 550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41267-023-00619-z","journal-title":"Journal of International Business Studies"},{"key":"5465_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd3084","author":"J Mervis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mervis, J. (2020). Fifty-four scientists have lost their jobs as a result of NIH probe into foreign ties. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abd3084","journal-title":"Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)"},{"issue":"6584","key":"5465_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adb1759","volume":"375","author":"J Mervis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mervis, J. (2022). New name won\u2019t fix all flaws in China initiative, critics worry. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 375(6584), 945\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adb1759","journal-title":"Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)"},{"issue":"6638","key":"5465_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh8852","volume":"379","author":"J Mervis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mervis, J. (2023). Pall of suspicion. Science, 379(6638), 1180\u20131184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adh8852","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5465_CR31","unstructured":"Mozur, P., & Metz, C. 2020. A U.S. Secret Weapon in A.I.: Chinese Talent. New York Times Company. https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/blogs-podcasts-websites\/u-s-secret-weapon-i-chinese-talent\/docview\/2410679984\/se-2?accountid=1468109&volume=&issue=&spage=&au= Mozur%2C+Paul%3BMetz%2C+Cade&isbn=&jtitle=New+York+Times+%28Online%29&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric\/&rft_id=info:doi\/"},{"key":"5465_CR32","unstructured":"National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, & Ministry of Commerce of the People\u2019s Republic of China. 2015. Vision and actions on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-century Maritime Silk Road. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ndrc.gov.cn"},{"issue":"2","key":"5465_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-013-1170-x","volume":"98","author":"F Niu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niu, F., & Qiu, J. (2014). Network structure, distribution and the growth of Chinese international research collaboration. Scientometrics, 98(2), 1221\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-013-1170-x","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5465_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-00609-5","volume":"7","author":"PB Ruffini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruffini, P. B. (2020). Conceptualizing science diplomacy in the practitioner-driven literature: A critical review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 7(1), 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"key":"5465_CR35","unstructured":"Segal, A. (2019). The hacked world order: How nations fight, trade, maneuver, and manipulate in the digital age. PublicAffairs."},{"issue":"9","key":"5465_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2016.1153415","volume":"37","author":"T Summers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Summers, T. (2016). China\u2019s \u201cNew Silk Roads\u201d: Sub-national regions and networks of global political economy. Third World Quarterly, 37(9), 1628\u20131643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01436597.2016.1153415","journal-title":"Third World Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"5465_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2012.11.010","volume":"7","author":"L Tang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tang, L. (2013). Does \u201cbirds of a feather flock together\u201d matter\u2014Evidence from a longitudinal study on US\u2013China scientific collaboration. Journal of Informetrics, 7(2), 330\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2012.11.010","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"5465_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scab035","volume":"48","author":"L Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang, L., Cao, C., Wang, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2021). Decoupling in science and education: A collateral damage beyond deteriorating US\u2013China relations. Science and Public Policy, 48(5), 630\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scipol\/scab035","journal-title":"Science and Public Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"5465_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/scy060","volume":"46","author":"EJ Van Holm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Holm, E. J., Wu, Y., & Welch, E. W. (2019). Comparing the collaboration networks and productivity of China-born and US-born academic scientists. Science & Public Policy, 46(2), 310\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scipol\/scy060","journal-title":"Science & Public Policy"},{"key":"5465_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7910\/DVN\/LEJUQZ","author":"E Voeten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Voeten, E. (2021). Data and analyses of voting in the UN General Assembly (V36). Harvard Dataverse. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/LEJUQZ"},{"key":"5465_CR41","unstructured":"Wagner, C. S. (2008). The new invisible college science for development. Brookings Institution Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"5465_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11024-015-9273-6","volume":"53","author":"CS Wagner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wagner, C. S., Bornmann, L., & Leydesdorff, L. (2015). Recent developments in China-U.S. cooperation in science. Minerva (London), 53(3), 199\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11024-015-9273-6","journal-title":"Minerva (London)"},{"key":"5465_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Lin, X., Li, J., He, Q., & Huang, J. 2022 Caught in the crossfire fears of Chinese-American Scientists. Arxiv.org. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2209.10642","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.2209.10642"},{"issue":"1","key":"5465_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1162\/qss_a_00098","volume":"2","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Kim, D., Yan, E., Kim, M. C., & Qi, G. (2021). Analyzing China\u2019s research collaboration with the United States in high-impact and high-technology research. Quantitative Science Studies, 2(1), 363\u2013375.","journal-title":"Quantitative Science Studies"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-025-05465-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11192-025-05465-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11192-025-05465-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T04:21:14Z","timestamp":1764822074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11192-025-05465-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["5465"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-025-05465-1","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7910\/DVN\/LEJUQZ","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}