{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1775182179003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Software Qual J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-006-9218-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,23]],"date-time":"2006-07-23T01:03:26Z","timestamp":1153616606000},"page":"233-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["On evaluating the layout of UML diagrams for program comprehension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kenny","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dabo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"9218_CR1","unstructured":"UML: UML resource page 2006. http:\/\/www.uml.org\/ ."},{"key":"9218_CR2","unstructured":"Ambler, S.W. Introduction to UML 2 Sequence Diagrams 2006. http:\/\/www.agilemodeling.com\/artifacts\/sequenceDiagram.htm ."},{"key":"9218_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tilley, S., Huang, S. 2003. A qualitative assessment of the efficacy of UML diagrams as a form of graphical documentation in aiding program understanding. In: SIGDOC 2003: Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Documentation, pp. 184\u2013191, ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/944868.944908"},{"key":"9218_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichelberger, H. 2003. Nice class diagrams admit good design? In: SoftVis 2003: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM Symposium on Software Visualization, pp. 159\u2013168, ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/774833.774857"},{"key":"9218_CR5","unstructured":"Battista, G.D., Eades, P., Tamassia, R., Tollis, I.G. 1999. Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs. Prentice Hall."},{"issue":"1","key":"9218_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841119","volume":"6","author":"I. Herman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Herman, I., Melan\u00e7on, G., Marshall, M.S. 2000. Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey. 2000. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 6(1):24\u201343.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"9218_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eiglsperger, M., Kaufmann, M., Siebenhaller, M. 2003. A topology-shape-metrics approach for the automatic layout of UML class diagrams. In: SoftVis 2003: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM Symposium on Software Visualization, pp. 189\u2013198, ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/774833.774860"},{"key":"9218_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichelberger, H. 2002. Aesthetics of class diagrams. In: VISSOFT 2002: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis, pp. 23\u201331, IEEE Computer Society Press.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISSOF.2002.1019791"},{"key":"9218_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutwenger, C., J\u00fcnger, M., Klein, K., Kupke, J., Leipert, S., Mutzel, P. 2003. A new approach for visualizing UML class diagrams. In: SoftVis 2003: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM Symposium on Software Visualization, pp. 179\u2013188, ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/774833.774859"},{"key":"9218_CR10","unstructured":"Dwyer, T. 2001. Three dimensional UML using force directed layout. In: CRPITS 2001: Australian Symposium on Information Visualisation, pp. 77\u201385, Australian Computer Society, Inc."},{"key":"9218_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bist, G., MacKinnon, N., Murphy, S. 2004. Sequence diagram presentation in technical documentation. In: SIGDOC 2004: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Design of Communication, New York, NY, USA, pp. 128\u2013133, ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/1026533.1026566"},{"key":"9218_CR12","unstructured":"Poranen, T., M\u00e4kinen, E., Nummenmaa, J. 2003. How to draw a sequence diagram. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Programming Languages and Software Tools, SPLST 2003, University of Kuopio, Department of Computer Science pp. 91\u2013102."},{"key":"9218_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purchase, H.C. 1997. Which aesthetic has the greatest effect on human understanding? In: GD 1997: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Graph Drawing, pp. 248\u2013261, Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-63938-1_67"},{"issue":"3","key":"9218_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.7155\/jgaa.00054","volume":"6","author":"H.C. Purchase","year":"2002","unstructured":"Purchase, H.C., Allder, J.A., Carrington, D.A. 2002. Graph layout aesthetics in UML diagrams: User preferences. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 6(3):255\u2013279.","journal-title":"Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications"},{"key":"9218_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purchase, H.C., Cohen, R.F., James, M. 1996. Validating graph drawing aesthetics. In: GD 1995: Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing, pp. 435\u2013446, Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0021827"},{"key":"9218_CR16","unstructured":"Purchase, H.C., McGill, M., Colpoys, L., Carrington, D. 2001. Graph drawing aesthetics and the comprehension of UML class diagrams: an empirical study. In: CRPITS 2001: Australian Symposium on Information Visualisation, pp. 129\u2013137, Australian Computer Society, Inc."},{"key":"9218_CR17","unstructured":"Purchase, H.C., Colpoys, L., McGill, M., Carrington, D., Britton, C. 2001. UML class diagram syntax: an empirical study of comprehension. In: CRPITS 2001: Australian Symposium on Information Visualisation, pp. 113\u2013120, Australian Computer Society, Inc."},{"key":"9218_CR18","unstructured":"Borland: Borland Together 2006. http:\/\/www.borland.com\/together\/ ."},{"key":"9218_CR19","unstructured":"IBM: IBM Rational Software 2006. http:\/\/www-306.ibm.com\/software\/rational\/ ."},{"key":"9218_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, D., Wong, K. 2004. On understanding software tool adoption using perceptual theories. In: ACSE 2004: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Adoption-Centric Software Engineering, pp. 51\u201355, Institution of Electrical Engineers.","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:20040249"},{"key":"9218_CR21","unstructured":"Ware, C. 2000. Information Visualization: Perception for Design. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"9218_CR22","unstructured":"Petre, M., Blackwell, A., Green, T. 1998. Cognitive questions in software visualisation. Invited chapter in: Stasko, J., Domingue, J., Brown, M., and Price, B. (Eds.), Software Visualization: Programming as a Multimedia Experience. pp. 453\u2013480, MIT Press."},{"key":"9218_CR23","unstructured":"Marr, D. 1982. Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information. W.H. Freeman."},{"key":"9218_CR24","volume-title":"The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception","author":"J.J. Gibson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gibson, J.J. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"9218_CR25","unstructured":"Benjafield, J.G. 1997. Cognition. 2nd edn. Prentice Hall."},{"issue":"2","key":"9218_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2190\/G748-BY68-L83T-X02J","volume":"23","author":"P. Moore","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moore, P., Fitz, C. 1993. Gestalt theory and instructional design. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 23(2):137\u2013157.","journal-title":"Journal of Technical Writing and Communication"},{"key":"9218_CR27","unstructured":"Boff, K.R., Kaufman, L., Thomas, J.P. 1986. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Volume II. Cognitive Processes and Performance. Wiley-Interscience."},{"key":"9218_CR28","unstructured":"Goldstein, B.E. 2002. Sensation and Perception. 6th edn. Wadsworth-Thomson Learning."},{"key":"9218_CR29","unstructured":"Schiffman, H.R. 2001. Sensation and Perception: An Integrated Approach. 5th edn. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"9218_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimchi, R., Behrmann, M., Olson, C.R. 2003. Perceptual Organization in Vision: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410608918"},{"issue":"2","key":"9218_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500013","volume":"1","author":"C. Ware","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ware, C., Purchase, H., Colpoys, L., McGill, M. 2002. Cognitive measurements of graph aesthetics. Information Visualization 1(2):103\u2013110.","journal-title":"Information Visualization"},{"key":"9218_CR32","unstructured":"Ambler, S.W.: Modeling Style Guidelines 2006. http:\/\/www.agilemodeling.com\/style\/ ."},{"key":"9218_CR33","unstructured":"Ambler, S.W. 2003. The Elements of UML Style. Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"9218_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/203241.203251","volume":"38","author":"M. Petre","year":"1995","unstructured":"Petre, M. 1995. Why looking isn\u2019t always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming. Communication of the ACM 38(6):33\u201344.","journal-title":"Communication of the ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"9218_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1145\/568522.568523","volume":"34","author":"J. D\u00edaz","year":"2002","unstructured":"D\u00edaz, J., Petit, J., Serna, M. 2002. A survey of graph layout problems. ACM Computing Surveys 34(3):313\u2013356.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"1","key":"9218_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1109\/21.87055","volume":"18","author":"R. Tamassia","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tamassia, R., Battista, G.D., Batini, C. 1988. Automatic graph drawing and readability of diagrams. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 18(1):61\u201379.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9218_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1006\/jvlc.1995.1015","volume":"6","author":"M. Himsolt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Himsolt, M. 1995. Comparing and evaluating layout algorithms within GraphEd. Journal of Visual Language and Computing 6(3):255\u2013273.","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Language and Computing"},{"key":"9218_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andriyevska, O., Dragan, N., Simoes, B., Maletic, J.I. 2005. Evaluating UML class diagram layout based on architectural importance. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis, VISSOFT 2005, pp. 14\u201319, IEEE Computer Society Press.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISSOF.2005.1684296"},{"key":"9218_CR39","unstructured":"Wampler, B.E. 2002. The Essence of Object-Oriented Programming with Java and UML. Addison Wesley."},{"key":"9218_CR40","unstructured":"Hou, D., Wong, K., Hoover, H.J. 2005. What can programmer questions tell us about frameworks? In: IWPC 2005: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension, pp. 87\u201396, IEEE Computer Society Press."},{"key":"9218_CR41","unstructured":"JGraph: JGraph web site (2006). http:\/\/www.jgraph.com\/ ."}],"container-title":["Software Quality Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11219-006-9218-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11219-006-9218-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11219-006-9218-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T10:44:40Z","timestamp":1587120280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11219-006-9218-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11219-006-9218-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-9314","1573-1367"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0963-9314","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1367","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}