{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:50:33Z","timestamp":1740124233281,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Software Qual J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-018-9408-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T22:04:13Z","timestamp":1525125853000},"page":"389-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["FLEX-RCA: a lean-based method for root cause analysis in software process improvement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Pernst\u00e5l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Feldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Gorschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Flor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9408_CR1","unstructured":"ABG. (1994). V-model: development standard for IT-systems of the Federal Republic of Germany. Lifecycle Process Model,"},{"key":"9408_CR2","unstructured":"Abran, A., Moore, J. W., et al. (2004). Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge (SWEBOK\u00ae). IEEE Computer Society Guide."},{"issue":"3","key":"9408_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-006-0023-5","volume":"17","author":"L Almefelt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Almefelt, L., Berglund, F., Nilsson, P., & Malmqvist, J. (2006). Requirement management in practice: findings from an empirical study in the auto-motive industry. Research in Engineering Design, 17(3), 113\u2013134.","journal-title":"Research in Engineering Design"},{"key":"9408_CR4","volume-title":"Roo1 cause analysis: simplified tools and techniques","author":"B Andersen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andersen, B., & Fagerhaug, T. (2000). Roo1 cause analysis: simplified tools and techniques. Milwaukee: ASQ Quality Press."},{"key":"9408_CR5","unstructured":"Automotive SIG. (2010). The SPICE User Group, Automotive SPICE Process Assessment Model v2.5 and Process Reference Model v4.5, Available on: \n                    http:\/\/www.automotivespice.com\n                    \n                  . Accessed on Dec 2017."},{"key":"9408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA160202","volume-title":"Quantitative evaluation of software methodology","author":"VR Basili","year":"1985","unstructured":"Basili, V. R. (1985). Quantitative evaluation of software methodology. College Park: University of Maryland."},{"key":"9408_CR7","unstructured":"Beck, K. (2004). Extreme programming explained: embrace change (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"9408_CR8","volume-title":"Implementing Six Sigma: smarter solutions using statistical methods","author":"FW Breyfogle","year":"1999","unstructured":"Breyfogle, F. W. (1999). Implementing Six Sigma: smarter solutions using statistical methods. New York: Wiley."},{"issue":"2","key":"9408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.888386","volume":"95","author":"M Broy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Broy, M., Kruger, I. H., Pretschner, A., & Salzmann, C. (2007). Engineering automotive software. Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(2), 2007.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"9408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021638523413","volume":"10","author":"JA Calvo-Manzano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Calvo-Manzano, J. A., Cuevas, G., San Feliu, T., De Amescua, A., & P\u00e9rez, M. (2002). Experiences in the application of software process improvement in SMES. Software Quality Journal, 10(3), 261\u2013273.","journal-title":"Software Quality Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"9408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/52.646883","volume":"15","author":"DN Card","year":"1998","unstructured":"Card, D. N. (1998). Learning from our mistakes with defect causal analysis. IEEE Softw., 15(1), 56\u201363.","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"key":"9408_CR12","unstructured":"Charfi, F., Sellami, F. (2004). Overview on dependable embedded systems in modern automotive. In: Proc. of the 2004 I.E. Int. Conference on Industrial Technology."},{"key":"9408_CR13","unstructured":"CMMI. (2010). Capability Maturity Model Integration version 1.3. Technical report CMU\/SEI-2010-TR-033. Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Available on: \n                    http:\/\/www.sei.cmu.edu\/cmmi\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed on Dec 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"9408_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2002.1020295","volume":"19","author":"R Conradi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Conradi, R., & Fugetta, A. (2002). Improving software process improvement. IEEE Software, 19(4), 92\u2013100.","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"9408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.01.006","volume":"50","author":"T Dyb\u00e5","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dyb\u00e5, T., & Dings\u00f8yr, T. (2008). Empirical studies of agile software development: a systematic review. Journal of Information and Software Technology, 50(9-10), 833\u2013859.","journal-title":"Journal of Information and Software Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011487332587","volume":"6","author":"KD Emam El","year":"2001","unstructured":"El Emam, K. D., Goldenson, D. J., McCurley, J., & Herbsleb, J. (2001). Modeling the likelihood of software process improvement: an exploratory study. Empirical Software Engineering, 6(3), 207\u2013229.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"9408_CR17","first-page":"1311","volume":"34","author":"T Gorschek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gorschek, T., & Wohlin, C. (2004). Packaging software process improvement issues\u2014a method and a case study. Software: Practice & Experience, 34, 1311\u20131344.","journal-title":"Software: Practice & Experience"},{"key":"9408_CR18","volume-title":"Identification of improvement issues using a lightweight triangulation approach","author":"T Gorschek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gorschek, T., Wohlin, C. (2003). Identification of improvement issues using a lightweight triangulation approach. In: The European Software Process Improvement Conference. Graz. Austria."},{"key":"9408_CR19","unstructured":"Grimm, K. (2003). Software technology in an automotive company\u2014major challenges. In: Proc. of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE."},{"key":"9408_CR20","first-page":"35","volume":"31","author":"RW Hoerl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoerl, R. W. (1998). Six Sigma and the future of the quality profession. Quality Progress, 31, 35\u201342.","journal-title":"Quality Progress"},{"key":"9408_CR21","volume-title":"Managing the software process","author":"WS Humphrey","year":"1989","unstructured":"Humphrey, W. S. (1989). Managing the software process. Reading: Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"9408_CR22","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC Std. 15504 (1998\u20132005): Information technology-process assessment, part 1 to part 5, International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"9408_CR23","first-page":"701","volume-title":"Using defect analysis feedback for improving quality and productivity in iterative software development","author":"P Jalote","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jalote, P., & Agrawal, N. (2005). Using defect analysis feedback for improving quality and productivity in iterative software development. In: Proc. of the Information Science and Communications Technology (ICICT 2005) (pp. 701\u2013714)."},{"key":"9408_CR24","volume-title":"Requirements engineering: processes and techniques","author":"G Kotonya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kotonya, G., & Sommerville, I. (1998). Requirements engineering: processes and techniques. New York: John Wiley."},{"issue":"3","key":"9408_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1145\/203330.203345","volume":"38","author":"R Kraut","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kraut, R., & Streeter, L. A. (1995). Coordination in software development. Communications of the ACM, 38(3), 69\u201381.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"9408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-5849(99)00054-3","volume":"42","author":"JP Kuilboer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuilboer, J. P., & Ashrafi, N. (2000). Software process and product improvement: an empirical assessment. Information and Software Technology, 42(1), 27\u201334.","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"key":"9408_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leszak, M., Perry, D. E., & Stoll, D. (2000). A case study in root cause defect analysis. Proc. of the 2000 International Conference on Software Engineering, 428\u2013437.","DOI":"10.1145\/337180.337232"},{"issue":"2","key":"9408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1109\/49.46867","volume":"8","author":"RG Mays","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mays, R. G. (1990). Applications of defect prevention in software development. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 8(2), 164\u2013168.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"9408_CR29","volume-title":"Lean Six Sigma for dummies","author":"J Morgan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morgan, J., & Bering-Jones, M. (2009). Lean Six Sigma for dummies. Chichester: Wiley."},{"key":"9408_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781482293746","volume-title":"The Toyota product development system: integrating people, process, and technology","author":"JM Morgan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morgan, J. M., & Liker, J. K. (2006). The Toyota product development system: integrating people, process, and technology. New York: Productivity."},{"key":"9408_CR31","volume-title":"The capability maturity model: guidelines for improving the software process","author":"MC Paulk","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paulk, M. C., Curtis, B., Chrissis, M. B., & Weber, C. V. (1994). The capability maturity model: guidelines for improving the software process. Reading: Addison-Wesley."},{"issue":"7","key":"9408_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194012500271","volume":"22","author":"J Pernstal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pernstal, J., Magazinius, A., & Gorschek, T. (2012). A study investigating challenges in the interface between product development and manufacturing in the development of software intensive automotive systems. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 22(7), 965\u20131004.","journal-title":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering"},{"key":"9408_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pernstal, J., Gorschek, T., Flor\u00e9n, D., & Feldt, R. (2013a). Software process improvement in inter-departmental development of software-intensive automotive systems\u2014a case study, Product-focused software process improvement\/lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 7983, pp. 93\u2013107). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39259-7_10"},{"issue":"11","key":"9408_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.06.035","volume":"86","author":"J Pernstal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pernstal, J., Feldt, J., & Gorschek, T. (2013b). The lean gap: a review of lean approaches to large-scale software systems development. Journal of Systems and Software, 86(11), 2797\u20132821.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"9408_CR35","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Systematic mapping studies in software engineering","author":"K Petersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., & Mattsson, M. (2008). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. In 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (pp. 71\u201380)."},{"issue":"6","key":"9408_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.08.032","volume":"81","author":"F Pettersson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pettersson, F., Ivarsson, M., Gorschek, T., & \u00d6hman, P. (2008). A practitioner\u2019s guide to light weight software process assessment and improvement planning. The Journal of Systems and Software, 81(6), 972\u2013995.","journal-title":"The Journal of Systems and Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"9408_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-007-9038-z","volume":"16","author":"F Pino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pino, F., Garcia, F., & Piattini, M. (2008). Software process improvement in small and medium software enterprises: a systematic review. Software Quality Journal, 16(2), 237\u2013261.","journal-title":"Software Quality Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"9408_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.03.077","volume":"83","author":"FJ Pino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pino, F. J., Pedreira, O., Garc\u00eda, F., Rodr\u00edguez Luaces, M., & Piattini, M. (2010). Using Scrum to guide the execution of software process improvement in small organizations. Journal of Systems and Software, 83(10), 1662\u20131677.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"9408_CR39","unstructured":"Poppendieck, M., & Poppendieck, T. (2003). Lean software development: an agile toolkit. Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"9408_CR40","unstructured":"Robson, C. (2002). Real world research: a resource for social scientists and practitioners-researchers (2nd ed.). Blackwell."},{"issue":"2","key":"9408_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-008-9102-8","volume":"14","author":"P Runesson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Runesson, P., & H\u00f6st, M. (2009). Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering. Empirical Software Engineering, 14(2), 131\u2013164.","journal-title":"Empirical Software Engineering"},{"key":"9408_CR42","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) version 1.1 (CMU\/SEI-2001-HB-001)","author":"SCAMPI-ADT","year":"2001","unstructured":"SCAMPI-ADT. (2001). Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) version 1.1 (CMU\/SEI-2001-HB-001) (p. 245). Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon SEI."},{"key":"9408_CR43","volume-title":"Agile software development with Scrum","author":"K Schwaber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwaber, K., & Beedle, M. (2001). Agile software development with Scrum. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall."},{"key":"9408_CR44","unstructured":"Sivie, J., Forrester, E. (2004). Enabling technology transition using Six Sigma. In Bergey, J et al., Results of SEI independent research and development projects and report on emerging technologies and technology trends, (chapter 5) (CMU\/SEI-2004-TR-018). Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. Available on: \n                    http:\/\/www.sei.cmu.edu\/library\/abstracts\/reports\/04tr018.cfm\n                    \n                  . Accessed on Dec 2016."},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"9408_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMTM.2004.005424","volume":"6","author":"V Sumantran","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sumantran, V. (2004). Accelerating product development in the automobile industry. Int. Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 6(3\/4), 361.","journal-title":"Int. Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"9408_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.26","volume":"38","author":"M Unterkalmsteiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unterkalmsteiner, M., Gorschek, T., Islam, M., Cheng, C., Permadi, R., & Feldt, R. (2012). Evaluation and measurement of software process improvement\u2014a systematic literature review. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 38(2), 398\u2013424.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"9408_CR47","unstructured":"Vanden Heuvel, L. N., Lorenzo, D. K., Hanson, W. E., Jackson, L. O., Rooney, J. R., & Walker, D. A. (2008). Root cause analysis handbook\u2014a guide to efficient and effective incident investigation (3rd edn.). ABS Consulting ed.). Houston: Rothstein Associates Inc.."},{"key":"9408_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkatesh Prasad, K., Broy, M., Krueger, I. (2010). Scanning advances in aerospace & automobile software technology. Proc. of the IEEE 2010; 98, 510\u2013514.","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2041835"},{"key":"9408_CR49","unstructured":"Volvo Cars. (2016). Available on \n                    https:\/\/www.media.volvocars.com\/global\/enhanced\/en-gb\/Media\/Preview.aspx?mediaid=41678\n                    \n                  . Accessed on Dec. 2017."},{"key":"9408_CR50","unstructured":"Volvo Trucks. (2016). Available on: \n                    http:\/\/www.volvotrucks.com\/trucks\/global\/en-gb\/newsmedia\/quick_facts_about_volvo_trucks\/pages\/quick_facts_about_volvo_trucks.aspx\n                    \n                   . Accessed on Dec. 2017."},{"issue":"9","key":"9408_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2005.12.010","volume":"48","author":"CG Wangenheim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wangenheim, C. G., Weber, S., Rossa Hauck, J. C., & Trentin, G. (2006). Experiences on establishing software processes in small companies. Information and Software Technology, 48(9), 890\u2013900.","journal-title":"Information and Software Technology"},{"key":"9408_CR52","volume-title":"Revolutionizing product development-quantum leaps in speed, efficiency, and quality","author":"SC Wheelwright","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing product development-quantum leaps in speed, efficiency, and quality. New York: Free."},{"key":"9408_CR53","volume-title":"Root cause analysis\u2014a tool for total quality management","author":"PF Wilson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilson, P. F., Dell, L. D., & Anderson, G. F. (1993). Root cause analysis\u2014a tool for total quality management. Milwaukee: American Society for Quality."},{"key":"9408_CR54","volume-title":"Case study research: design and methods","author":"R Yin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yin, R. (2003). Case study research: design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc..","edition":"3"},{"key":"9408_CR55","volume-title":"Software process improvement: practical guidelines for business success","author":"S Zahran","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zahran, S. (1998). Software process improvement: practical guidelines for business success. Reading: Addison-Wesley."}],"container-title":["Software Quality Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11219-018-9408-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11219-018-9408-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11219-018-9408-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T20:08:31Z","timestamp":1556654911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11219-018-9408-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11219-018-9408-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-9314","1573-1367"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0963-9314"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-1367"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}