{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:10:26Z","timestamp":1769818226847,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Supercomput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03517-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T12:03:56Z","timestamp":1609761836000},"page":"6961-6978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Electrooculogram-aided intelligent sensing and high-performance communication control system for massive ALS individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Jayabrabu","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Sivasakthivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Akila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mervin","family":"Retnadhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tintu Thomas","family":"Uthup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mythily","family":"R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Champaty B, Jose J,  Pal K, Thirugnanam A  (2014) Development of EOG based human-machine interface control system for motorized wheelchair. In: Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas: Magnetics, Machines and Drives, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/AICERA.2014.6908256"},{"key":"3517_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oskarsson B, GendronTF, Staff NP  (2018) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Update for 2018. In: aMayo Clin Proceedings, Vol. 93(11), pp1617\u20131628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.007"},{"issue":"12408","key":"3517_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"KC Arthur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arthur KC, Calvo A, Price TR, Geiger JT, Chio A, Traynor BJ (2016) Projected increase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from 2015 to 2040. Nat Commun 7(12408):1\u20136","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3517_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee A,  Das P,  Datta S, Konar A,  Janarthanan R, Tibarewala DN (2013) Real time electro-oculogram driven rehabilitation aid. Springer Book In: Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computing, pp 435\u2013440","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-0740-5_53"},{"key":"3517_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marjaninejad A and Daneshvar S  (2014) A low-cost real-time wheelchair navigation system using electrooculography. In: IEEE Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, pp 1961\u20131965","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2014.6999863"},{"key":"3517_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Rakshit A, Tibarewala DN (2016) Application of Electrooculography to Estimate Word Count While Reading Text. In: International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology, pp 174\u2013177","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMB.2016.7915115"},{"key":"3517_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katore M, Bachute MR (2015) Speech based human machine interaction system for home automation. In: IEEE Bombay Section Symposium (IBSS), pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/IBSS.2015.7456634"},{"key":"3517_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akan B,  Argunsah AO (2007) A Human-Computer Interface (HCI) based on Electrooculogram (EOG) for Handicapped. In: International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications, pp 1\u20133","DOI":"10.1109\/SIU.2007.4298649"},{"key":"3517_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venkataramanan S, Prabhat P, Choudhury SR, Nemade HB, Sahambi JS (2005) 'Biomedical instrumentation based on electrooculogram (EOG) signal processing and application to a hospital alarm system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing, pp 535\u2013540","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISIP.2005.1529512"},{"key":"3517_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin M,  Mo G (2011) Eye gestures recognition technology in Human-computer Interaction. In: International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), pp 1316\u20131318","DOI":"10.1109\/BMEI.2011.6098529"},{"key":"3517_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain MS,  Huda K, Rahman SS,  Ahmad M (2015) 'Implementation of an EOG based security system by analyzing eye movement patterns. In: International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE), pp 149\u2013152","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAEE.2015.7506818"},{"key":"3517_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerjee A,  Datta S,  Das P, Konar A, Tibarewala, DN Janarthanan, R (2012) Electrooculogram Based Online Control Signal Generation for Wheelchair'. In: International Symposium on Electronic System Design, pp 251\u2013255","DOI":"10.1109\/ISED.2012.12"},{"issue":"5","key":"3517_CR13","first-page":"302","volume":"8","author":"A Naga Rajesh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naga Rajesh A, Chandralingam S, Anjaneyulu T, Satyanarayana K (2014) EOG controlled motorized wheelchair for disabled persons. Int J Med Health Biomed Pharmaceut Eng 8(5):302\u2013305","journal-title":"Int J Med Health Biomed Pharmaceut Eng"},{"key":"3517_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Udhaya kumar S,  VinodVM (2015) EOG based wheelchair control for quadriplegics. In: IEEE International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), pp 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIECS.2015.7193165"},{"key":"3517_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812892-3.00016-9","volume-title":"EOG-based wheelchair control Elsevier Book Series smart wheelchairs and brain computer interfaces mobile assistive technologies","author":"RB Navarro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Navarro RB, V\u00e1zquez LB, Guill\u00e9n EL (2018) EOG-based wheelchair control Elsevier Book Series smart wheelchairs and brain computer interfaces mobile assistive technologies. Academic Press, Cambridge, pp 381\u2013403"},{"key":"3517_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan U,  Mughal H, Mohsin I, Khan  ZH (2018) Real-time Control of a Mobile Robot using Electrooculogram based Eye Tracking System. In: IEEE\u2014International Multi-Topic ICT Conference (IMTIC), pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/IMTIC.2018.8467232"},{"key":"3517_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Luo D,  Zhao F,  Li Y,  Luo H (2015) Sensor fusion-based infrastructure independent and agile real-time indoor positioning technology for disabled and elderly people. In: International Symposium on Future Information and Communication Technologies for Ubiquitous HealthCare (Ubi-HealthTech), pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/Ubi-HealthTech.2015.7203328"},{"key":"3517_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lingegowda DR, Amrutesh K,  Ramanujam S (2017) Electrooculography based assistive technology for ALS patients. In: IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Asia (ICCE-Asia), pp 36\u201340","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-ASIA.2017.8307837"},{"key":"3517_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L,  Wu X (2011) Design and Implementation of Multimedia Control System Based on Bluetooth and Electrooculogram (EOG). In: International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, pp1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/icbbe.2011.5779981"},{"key":"3517_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbara N, Camilleri TA (2016) Interfacing with a speller using EOG glasses. In:International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp .001069\u2013001074","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2016.7844384"},{"key":"3517_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Zhi-Hao., Hendrick., Kung Yu-Fan., Chan Chuan-Te., Lin Shi-Hao., and Jong Gwo-Jia. (2017) 'Controlling DC motor using eye blink signals based on LabVIEW', In:International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEEIE), pp.61\u201365.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEEIE.2017.8328763"},{"key":"3517_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05026-y","author":"J Ramakrishnan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan J, Mavaluru D (2020) Ramkumar Siva Sakthivel, Abdulrahman Saad Alqahtani, Azath Mubarakali & Mervin Retnadhas, \u201cBrain\u2013computer interface for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients using deep learning network.\u201d Neural Comput Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05026-y","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"3517_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2886708","volume":"7","author":"L Junwei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Junwei L, Ramkumar S, Emayavaramban G, Vinod DF, Thilagaraj M, Muneeswaran V, Rajasekaran MP, Venkatraman V, Hussein AF (2019) Brain Computer Interface For Neurodegenerative Person Using Electroencephalogram. IEEE Access 7:2439\u20132452","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3517_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79151","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2884411","volume":"6","author":"S Jialu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jialu S, Ramkumar S, Emayavaramban G, Thilagaraj M, Thilagaraj M, Muneeswaran V, Rajasekaran MP, Hussein AF (2018) Offline analysis for designing electrooculogram based human computer interface control for paralyzed patients. IEEE Access 6:79151\u201379161","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"3517_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2732479","volume":"65","author":"Q Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Q, He S, Wang Q, Zhenghui Gu, Peng N, Li K, Zhang Y, Shao M, Li Y (2018) An EOG-based human-machine interface for wheelchair control. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 65(9):2023\u20132032","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"3517_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2016.2542524","volume":"25","author":"K-R Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee K-R, Chang W-D, Kim S, Im C-H (2017) Real-time eye-writing recognition using electrooculogram. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 25(1):37\u201348","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"3517_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajesh A, Mantur M (2017) Eyeball gesture controlled automatic wheelchair using deep learning. In: IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), pp 387\u2013391","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC.2017.8288981"},{"issue":"11","key":"3517_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2716109","volume":"25","author":"S He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He S, Li Y (2017) A Single-channel EOG-based Speller. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 25(11):1978\u20131987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"3517_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djeha M,  Sbargoud F, Guiatni M,  Fellah K, Ababou N (2017) A combined EEG and EOG signals based wheelchair control in virtual environment. In: IEEE\u2014International Conference on Electrical Engineering\u2014Boumerdes (ICEE-B) pp1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEE-B.2017.8192087"},{"key":"3517_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramkumar, S., Sathesh Kumar, K., Emayavaramban,G. (2017) A feasibility study on eye movements using electrooculogram based HCI, In: International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS), pp.380\u2013383.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISS1.2017.8389435"},{"key":"3517_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqudah AM (2016)  EOG-Based Mouse Control for People with Quadriplegia. In: Springer Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering Book Series, pp145\u2013150","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32703-7_30"},{"issue":"24","key":"3517_CR32","first-page":"223","volume":"9","author":"S Ramkumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramkumar S, Sathesh Kumar K, Emayavaramban G (2016) EOG signal classification using neural network for human computer interaction. Int J Control Theory Appl 9(24):223\u2013231","journal-title":"Int J Control Theory Appl"},{"key":"3517_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vahdani-Manaf N, Pournamdar V 2017 Classification of eye movement signals using electrooculography in order to device controlling. In: IEEE 4th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI), pp 0339\u20130342","DOI":"10.1109\/KBEI.2017.8324999"},{"issue":"8","key":"3517_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2030923","volume":"59","author":"AB Usakli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Usakli AB, Gurkan S (2010) Design of a novel efficient human-computer interface: an electrooculagram based virtual keyboard. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 59(8):2099\u20132108","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"issue":"6","key":"3517_CR35","first-page":"3056","volume":"8","author":"S Ramkumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramkumar S, Sathesh Kumar K, Emayavaramban G (2017) Nine states HCI using electrooculogram and neural networks. Int J Eng Technol 8(6):3056\u20133064","journal-title":"Int J Eng Technol"},{"key":"3517_CR36","unstructured":"Baharom NAB (2015) Analysis of Electrooculography (EOG) For Controlling Wheelchair,Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, M.E Thesis"},{"key":"3517_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.04.029","volume":"74","author":"T Gandhi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gandhi T, Panigrahi BK, Anand S (2011) A comparative study of wavelet families for EEG signal classification. Neurocomputing 74:3051\u20133057","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"3517_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2020.07.004","author":"M Alweshah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alweshah M, Rababa L, Ryalat MH, Momani AmmarAl, Ababneh MF (2020) African buffalo algorithm: training the probabilistic neural network to solve classification problems. J King Saud Univ Comp Inf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2020.07.004","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comp Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3517_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.22452\/mjcs.vol23no1.5","volume":"23","author":"M Hariharan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hariharan M, Paulraj MP, Yaccob S (2010) Time-domain features and probabilistic neural network for the detection of vocal fold pathology. Malaysian J Comp Sci 23(1):60\u201367","journal-title":"Malaysian J Comp Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3517_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBET.2011.040452","volume":"6","author":"M Hariharan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hariharan M, Paulraj MP, Yaccob S (2011) Detection of vocal fold paralysis and oedema using time-domain features and probabilistic neural network. Int J Biomed Eng Technol 6(1):46\u201357","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Eng Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3517_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(90)90049-Q","volume":"3","author":"DF Specht","year":"1990","unstructured":"Specht DF (1990) Probabilistic neural networks. Neural Netw 3(1):109\u2013118","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"3517_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/PGEC.1967.264667","volume":"16","author":"DF Specht","year":"1967","unstructured":"Specht DF (1967) Generation of polynomial discriminant functions for pattern recognition. IEEE Trans Electron Comp 16(3):308\u2013319","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Electron Comp"},{"key":"3517_CR43","first-page":"9","volume":"11","author":"T Sitamahalakshmi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sitamahalakshmi T, Vinay Babu A, Lagadesh M, Chandra Mouli KVV (2011) Performance of radial basis function networks and probabilistic neural networks for Telugu character recognition. Global J Comp Sci Technol 11:9\u201316","journal-title":"Global J Comp Sci Technol"},{"key":"3517_CR44","unstructured":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probabilistic_neural_network"},{"key":"3517_CR45","unstructured":"https:\/\/in.mathworks.com\/help\/deeplearning\/ug\/probabilistic-neural-networks.html;jsessionid=a75b6d408690d4d7 a3cb600076df. Accessed 23 Apr 2020"},{"key":"3517_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed","volume":"102","author":"G Teng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teng G, He Y, Zhao H, Liu D, Xiao J, Ramkumar S (2020) Design and development of human computer interface using electrooculogram with deep learning. Artif Intell Med 102:101765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"3517_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101766","volume":"102","author":"X Xiaoxiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiaoxiao X, LuoBin S, Ramkumar S, Saravanan S, Balaji MS, Dhanasekaran S, Thimmiaraja J (2020) Electroencephalogram based communication system for locked in state person using mentally spelled tasks with optimized network model. Artif Intell Med 102:101766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101766","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"3517_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101754","volume":"102","author":"S LiKai","year":"2020","unstructured":"LiKai S, Ramkumar J, Thimmiaraja S (2020) Diwakaran, Optimized artificial neural network based performance analysis of wheelchair movement for ALS patients. Artif Intell Med 102:101754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101754","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"3517_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101755","volume":"102","author":"W Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang W, Wang A, Ramkumar S, Nair RK (2020) Signal identification system for developing Rehabilitative device using deep learning algorithms. Artif Intell Med 102:101755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2019.101755","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Supercomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-020-03517-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11227-020-03517-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-020-03517-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T10:42:32Z","timestamp":1624272152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11227-020-03517-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-020-03517-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-8542","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0484","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}