{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:50:46Z","timestamp":1777362646614,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Supercomput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04921-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1668572947000},"page":"6825-6848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Enhanced Rank Attack Detection Algorithm (E-RAD) for securing RPL-based IoT networks by early detection and isolation of rank attackers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-6107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. S.","family":"Nandhini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kuppuswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Malliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"DeviPriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.106993","volume":"198","author":"C Maraveas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maraveas C, Piromalis D, Arvanitis K, Bartzanas T, Loukatos D (2022) Applications of IoT for optimized greenhouse environment and resources management. Comput Electron Agric 198:106993","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"4921_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6959","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.6959","volume":"34","author":"B Pourghebleh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pourghebleh B, Hekmati N, Davoudnia Z, Sadeghi M (2022) A roadmap towards energy-efficient data fusion methods in the Internet of Things. Concurr Comput: Pract Exp 34:e6959","journal-title":"Concurr Comput: Pract Exp"},{"issue":"5","key":"4921_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03471-z","volume":"77","author":"S Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma S, Verma VK (2021) Security explorations for routing attacks in low power networks on internet of things. J Supercomput 77(5):4778\u20134812","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"4921_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04488-2","volume":"78","author":"F Kaviani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaviani F, Soltanaghaei M (2022) CQARPL: congestion and QoS-aware RPL for IoT applications under heavy traffic. J Supercomput 78:16136\u201316166","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"4921_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2022.103622","volume":"82","author":"A Seyfollahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seyfollahi A, Moodi M, Ghaffari A (2022) MFO-RPL: A secure RPL-based routing protocol utilizing moth-flame optimizer for the IoT applications. Comput Stand Interfaces 82:103622","journal-title":"Comput Stand Interfaces"},{"key":"4921_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2020.102096","volume":"101","author":"ZA Almusaylim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almusaylim ZA, Alhumam A, Jhanjhi N (2020) Proposing a secure RPL based internet of things routing protocol: a review. Ad Hoc Netw 101:102096","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"4921_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maidamwar PR, Bartere MM, Lokulwar PP (2022) Implementation of network intrusion detection system using artificial intelligence: survey. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities and Applications. Springer, Berlin. pp 185\u2013198","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6407-6_18"},{"key":"4921_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hkiri A, Karmani M, Machhout M (2022) The routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) under attack: simulation and analysis. In: 2022 5th International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET), 2022. IEEE, pp 143\u2013148","DOI":"10.1109\/IC_ASET53395.2022.9765901"},{"key":"4921_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boualam SR, Ezzouhairi A (2020) New objective function for RPL protocol. In: Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Springer, Berlin, pp 681\u2013690","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0947-6_64"},{"key":"4921_CR10","first-page":"242","volume-title":"International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application","author":"PS Nandhini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nandhini PS, Mehtre B (2019) Directed acyclic graph inherited attacks and mitigation methods in RPL: a review. International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application. Springer, pp 242\u2013252"},{"key":"4921_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03303-9","author":"S Sahraoui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahraoui S, Henni N (2021) SAMP-RPL: secure and adaptive multipath RPL for enhanced security and reliability in heterogeneous IoT-connected low power and lossy networks. J Ambient Intell Human Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03303-9","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"4921_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-021-03922-1","volume":"78","author":"R Sahay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahay R, Geethakumari G, Mitra B (2022) A holistic framework for prediction of routing attacks in IoT-LLNs. J Supercomput 78(1):1409\u20131433","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"4921_CR13","volume-title":"Secure Routing and Forwarding in RPL-based Internet of Things: challenges and solutions","author":"AM Raoof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raoof AM (2021) Secure Routing and Forwarding in RPL-based Internet of Things: challenges and solutions. Carleton University, Ottawa"},{"key":"4921_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8414503","author":"A Seyfollahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seyfollahi A, Ghaffari A (2021) A review of intrusion detection systems in RPL routing protocol based on machine learning for internet of things applications. Wirel Commun Mobile Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8414503","journal-title":"Wirel Commun Mobile Comput"},{"issue":"18","key":"4921_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186765","volume":"22","author":"F Zahra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zahra F, Jhanjhi N, Brohi SN, Khan NA, Masud M, AlZain MA (2022) Rank and wormhole attack detection model for RPL-based internet of things using machine learning. Sensors 22(18):6765","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"7","key":"4921_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-018-0645-4","volume":"73","author":"U Shafique","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shafique U, Khan A, Rehman A, Bashir F, Alam M (2018) Detection of rank attack in routing protocol for low power and Lossy networks. Ann Telecommun 73(7):429\u2013438","journal-title":"Ann Telecommun"},{"issue":"3","key":"4921_CR17","first-page":"496","volume":"23","author":"M Osman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Osman M, He J, Mokbal FMM, Zhu N (2021) Artificial neural network model for decreased rank attack detection in RPL based on IoT networks. Int J Netw Secur 23(3):496\u2013503","journal-title":"Int J Netw Secur"},{"key":"4921_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karmakar S, Sengupta J (2021) Bit SD LEADER: low overhead rank attack detection for securing RPL based IoT. In: 2021 International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS), 2021. IEEE, pp 429\u2013437","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS51098.2021.9352937"},{"issue":"4","key":"4921_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.1900651","volume":"34","author":"MA Boudouaia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boudouaia MA, Ali-Pacha A, Abouaissa A, Lorenz P (2020) Security against rank attack in RPL protocol. IEEE Netw 34(4):133\u2013139","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"4921_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2885894","volume":"21","author":"A Raoof","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raoof A, Matrawy A, Lung C-H (2018) Routing attacks and mitigation methods for RPL-based Internet of Things. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 21(2):1582\u20131606","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"4921_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glissa G, Rachedi A, Meddeb A (2016) A secure routing protocol based on RPL for Internet of Things. In: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2016. IEEE, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7841543"},{"issue":"21","key":"4921_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.3390\/s20215997","volume":"20","author":"ZA Almusaylim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almusaylim ZA, Jhanjhi N, Alhumam A (2020) Detection and mitigation of RPL rank and version number attacks in the internet of things: SRPL-RP. Sensors 20(21):5997","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"18","key":"4921_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7052","DOI":"10.3390\/s22187052","volume":"22","author":"SM Muzammal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muzammal SM, Murugesan RK, Jhanjhi NZ, Humayun M, Ibrahim AO, Abdelmaboud A (2022) A trust-based model for secure routing against RPL attacks in internet of things. Sensors 22(18):7052","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"4921_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01275-3","volume":"15","author":"AO Bang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bang AO, Rao UP (2022) EMBOF-RPL: improved RPL for early detection and isolation of rank attack in RPL-based internet of things. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 15(1):642\u2013665","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"},{"key":"4921_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.04.167","volume-title":"Energy efficient thwarting rank attack from RPL based IoT networks: a review","author":"PS Nandhini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nandhini PS, Kuppuswami S, Malliga S (2021) Energy efficient thwarting rank attack from RPL based IoT networks: a review. Proc, Mater Today. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.04.167"},{"key":"4921_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandhini PS, Kuppuswami S, Malliga S (2022) Classification of intrusions in RPL-based IoT networks: a comparison. In: Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics. Springer, Berlin, pp 849\u2013862","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1866-6_65"},{"key":"4921_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04766-z","author":"G Ragesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ragesh G, Kumar A (2022) Trust-based secure routing and message delivery protocol for signal processing attacks in IoT applications. J Supercomput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04766-z","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"4921_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-020-01261-w","author":"MB Yassien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yassien MB, Aljawarneh SA, Eyadat M, Eaydat E (2021) Routing protocol for low power and lossy network\u2013load balancing time-based. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13042-020-01261-w","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"4921_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallati C, Mingozzi E Trickle-F (2013) Fair broadcast suppression to improve energy-efficient route formation with the RPL routing protocol. In: 2013 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT). IEEE, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/SustainIT.2013.6685187"},{"issue":"1","key":"4921_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3430380","volume":"2","author":"A Kalita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalita A, Khatua M (2021) Opportunistic transmission of control packets for faster formation of 6TiSCH network. ACM Trans Internet Things 2(1):1\u201329","journal-title":"ACM Trans Internet Things"},{"issue":"5","key":"4921_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2650318","volume":"4","author":"M Vu\u010dini\u0107","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vu\u010dini\u0107 M, Kr\u00f3l M, Jonglez B, Coladon T, Tourancheau B (2017) Trickle-D: High fairness and low transmission load with dynamic redundancy. IEEE Internet Things J 4(5):1477\u20131488","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"4921_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandhini PS, Srinath P, Veeramanikandan P, Malliga S (2021) Version attack detection using claim algorithm in RPL based IoT networks: effects and performance parameters evaluation. In: 2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC). IEEE, pp 209\u2013215","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591735"},{"key":"4921_CR33","unstructured":"Skeeto (2020). April 2020 https:\/\/github.com\/skeeto\/hash-prospector."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Supercomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04921-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04921-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04921-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T19:18:37Z","timestamp":1677784717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04921-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-022-04921-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-8542","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0484","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}