{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:34:47Z","timestamp":1764333287605,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Major National Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project","award":["62027815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027815"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61674048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61674048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"he Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement Laboratory of China","award":["61420010202717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61420010202717"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Supercomput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05349-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T05:01:56Z","timestamp":1683349316000},"page":"17170-17186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Low-overhead TRNG based on MUX for cryptographic protection using multiphase sampling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaguo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"5349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8324","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03229-7","volume":"76","author":"Y-S Jeong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeong Y-S, Oh K-J, Cho C-K, Choi H-J (2020) Pseudo-random number generation using LSTMs. J Supercomput 76:8324\u20138342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-020-03229-7","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"5349_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1109\/tcad.2021.3096464","volume":"40","author":"TY Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen TY, Ma Y, Lin JQ, Cao Y, Lv N, Jing JW (2021) A lightweight full entropy trng with on-chip entropy assurance. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 40:2431\u20132444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcad.2021.3096464","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poudel B, Munir A (2018) Design and evaluation of a PVT variation-resistant TRNG circuit. In: 2018 IEEE 36th international conference on computer design (ICCD), pp 514\u2013521. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iccd.2018.00083","key":"5349_CR3","DOI":"10.1109\/iccd.2018.00083"},{"key":"5349_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2019.2908798","volume":"14","author":"Y Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma Y, Chen T, Lin J, Yang J, Jing J (2019) Entropy estimation for ADC sampling-based true random number generators. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 14:2887\u20132900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tifs.2019.2908798","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu X, Liang H, Zhou K, Ma G, Huang Z, Yi M, Ni T, Lu Y (2018) An all-digital and jitter-quantizing true random number generator in SRAM-based FPGAs. In: 2018 IEEE 27th Asian test symposium (ATS), pp 59\u201362. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ats.2018.00022","key":"5349_CR5","DOI":"10.1109\/ats.2018.00022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mei F, Zhang L, Gu C, Cao Y, Wang C, Liu W (2018) A highly flexible lightweight and high speed true random number generator on FPGA. In: 2018 IEEE computer society annual symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI), pp 399\u2013404. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isvlsi.2018.00079","key":"5349_CR6","DOI":"10.1109\/isvlsi.2018.00079"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma G, Liang H, Yao L, Huang Z, Yi M, Xu X, Zhou K (2018) A low-cost high-efficiency true random number generator on FPGAs. In: 2018 IEEE 27th Asian test symposium (ATS), 54\u201358. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ats.2018.00021","key":"5349_CR7","DOI":"10.1109\/ats.2018.00021"},{"key":"5349_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108482","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3000231","volume":"8","author":"Y Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu Y, Liang H, Yao L, Wang X, Qi H, Yi M, Jiang C, Huang Z (2020) Jitter-quantizing-based TRNG robust against PVT variations. IEEE Access 8:108482\u2013108490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3000231","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"5349_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsii.2021.3121537","volume":"69","author":"R Della Sala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Della Sala R, Bellizia D, Scotti G (2022) A novel ultra-compact FPGA-compatible TRNG architecture exploiting latched ring oscillators. IEEE Trans Circuits and Syst II Express Briefs 69:1672\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsii.2021.3121537","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits and Syst II Express Briefs"},{"key":"5349_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2019.152941","volume":"112","author":"M Tuna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tuna M, Karthikeyan A, Rajagopal K, Alcin M, Koyuncu \u0130 (2019) Hyperjerk multiscroll oscillators with megastability: analysis, FPGA implementation and a novel ANN-ring-based true random number generator. AEU Int J Electron Commun 112:152941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2019.152941","journal-title":"AEU Int J Electron Commun"},{"key":"5349_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3037173","volume":"68","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang X, Liang H, Wang Y, Yao L, Guo Y, Yi M, Huang Z, Qi H, Lu Y (2021) High-throughput portable true random number generator based on jitter-latch structure. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap 68:741\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3037173","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap"},{"key":"5349_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-022-04981-6","volume":"4","author":"HB Meitei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meitei HB, Kumar M (2022) FPGA implantations of TRNG architecture using ADPLL based on FIR filter as a loop filter. SN Appl Sci 4:96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42452-022-04981-6","journal-title":"SN Appl Sci"},{"key":"5349_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.03.135","volume":"25","author":"X Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li X, Shen L, Zhao Z (2012) Jitter test of multiphase DTTL. Phys Procedia 25:623\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.03.135","journal-title":"Phys Procedia"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornaglia B, Spini M (1995) SDH in digital satellite systems. In: Proceedings of the tenth international conference on digital satellite communications","key":"5349_CR14","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:19950031"},{"unstructured":"Xilinx Corporation. (2016). 7 Series FPGAs \nConfigurable Logic Block [EB\/OL]. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/docs.xilinx.com\/v\/u\/en-US\/ug474_7Series_CLB","key":"5349_CR15"},{"key":"5349_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105314","volume":"119","author":"L Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao L, Liang H, Han Q, Zhang H, Huang Z, Jiang C, Yi M, Lu Y (2022) M-RO PUF: a portable pure digital RO PUF based on MUX unit. Microelectron J 119:105314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105314","journal-title":"Microelectron J"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wold K, Petrovi\u0107 S (2011) Behavioral model of TRNG based on oscillator rings implemented in FPGA. In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE international symposium on design and diagnostics of electronic circuits and systems, 13\u201315 April 2011, pp 163\u2013166","key":"5349_CR17","DOI":"10.1109\/DDECS.2011.5783072"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valtchanov B, Aubert A, Bernard F, Fischer V (2008) Modeling and observing the jitter in ring oscillators implemented in FPGAs. In: Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE workshop on design and diagnostics of electronic circuits and systems, 16\u201318 April 2008, pp 1\u20136","key":"5349_CR18","DOI":"10.1109\/DDECS.2008.4538777"},{"unstructured":"Xilinx Corporation. (2012). Virtex-6 FPGA Configurable Logic Block (UG364). [EB\/OL]. [Online] https:\/\/www.xilinx.com\/support\/documentation\/user_guides\/ug364pdf","key":"5349_CR19"},{"unstructured":"Barker E, Kelsey J, Secretary JB (2012) NIST DRAFT special publication 800\u201390B recommendation for the entropy sources used for random bit generation. NIST special publication","key":"5349_CR20"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rukhin A, Soto J, Nechvatal J, Smid M, Barker E (2001) A statistical test suite for random and pseudorandom number generators for cryptographic applications. Nist special publication","key":"5349_CR21","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.800-22"},{"key":"5349_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3111049","volume":"69","author":"J Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui J, Yi M, Cao D, Yao L, Wang X, Liang H, Huang Z, Qi H, Ni T, Lu Y (2022) Design of true random number generator based on multi-stage feedback ring oscillator. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 69:1752\u20131756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3111049","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs"},{"unstructured":"Barker E, Kelsey J (2012) Recommendation for the entropy sources used for random bit generation. Draft NIST special publication","key":"5349_CR23"},{"key":"5349_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3390\/e20070513","volume":"20","author":"H Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin H, Martin-Holgado P, Peris-Lopez P, Morilla Y, Entrena L (2018) On the entropy of oscillator-based true random number generators under ionizing radiation. Entropy 20:513","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"5349_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsii.2019.2919891","volume":"67","author":"N Nalla Anandakumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nalla Anandakumar N, Sanadhya SK, Hashmi MS (2020) FPGA-based true random number generation using programmable delays in oscillator-rings. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 67:570\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tcsii.2019.2919891","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Supercomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-023-05349-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11227-023-05349-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-023-05349-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T15:18:54Z","timestamp":1693408734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11227-023-05349-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-023-05349-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-8542","1573-0484"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0920-8542"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-0484"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}