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Experiments were conducted on the TeideHPC system, focusing on execution time, the impact of different compilers (Intel vs. GCC), and parallelization strategies (MPI and OpenMP). The results indicate that while Singularity introduces a performance overhead of 11 to 15%, it offers significant advantages in portability and reproducibility. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of compiler choice and the influence of container image size on startup times, emphasizing the need for careful optimization in containerized HPC workflows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06893-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T20:00:55Z","timestamp":1738094455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Singularity to deploy HPC applications: a study case with WRF"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Pierre-Simon Callist Yannick","family":"Tondreau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Blanco P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonatan","family":"Felipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6893_CR1","unstructured":"Skamarock C, Klemp B, Dudhia J, Gill O, Liu Z, Berne, J, Wang W, Powers G, Duda G, Barker DM, Huang X (2019) A description of the advanced research WRF model version 4. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:196211930"},{"key":"6893_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2018.12.047","volume":"135","author":"MA Prosper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prosper MA, Otero-Casal C, Canoura Fernandez F, Miguez-Macho G (2019) Wind power forecasting for a real onshore wind farm on complex terrain using WRF high resolution simulations. 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