{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:35:28Z","timestamp":1781177728992,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007065","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Salerno","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Supercomput"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>High-performance computing (HPC) is crucial for artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) but faces challenges related to scalability, data transfer costs, and security risks. Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralized data aggregation. However, FL introduces vulnerabilities, as exchanged models can be intercepted and manipulated, necessitating robust cryptographic protection. With the advent of quantum computing, traditional security mechanisms are at risk, requiring the adoption of Post-Quantum Cryptographic (PQC) algorithms. This study benchmarks three PQC digital signature algorithms: Falcon, SPHINCS+, and ML-DSA. Their execution time, memory usage, and computational efficiency are evaluated in a simulated FL setting. To extend the analysis, different cryptographic hash functions (SHA3-256, SHA3-512, and BLAKE3) are analyzed to assess hashing efficiency under varying computational loads. Both centralized and decentralized FL scenarios are simulated, incorporating PQC-based digital signatures at each phase of the communication pipeline to ensure model integrity and authenticity. The results provide insights into the trade-offs between security and computational overhead, guiding the selection of scalable cryptographic solutions for FL. Falcon and ML-DSA demonstrate minimal impact on computational performance, making them strong candidates for securing FL environments. Future research directions include the direct signing of DL models to enhance security and the integration of widely used FL libraries for more realistic evaluations. These advancements could improve the practical deployment of post-quantum security solutions in FL, ensuring resilience against emerging quantum threats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-025-07669-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T18:27:06Z","timestamp":1753468026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing trust of deep learning models with post-quantum digital signatures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Aniello","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo Gennaro","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Loia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Nappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Polsinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"7669_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2017.06.009","volume":"111","author":"A Reuther","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reuther A, Byun C, Arcand W, Bestor D, Bergeron B, Hubbell M, Jones M, Michaleas P, Prout A, Rosa A et al (2018) Scalable system scheduling for HPC and big data. J Parallel Distrib Comput 111:76\u201392","journal-title":"J Parallel Distrib Comput"},{"key":"7669_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim KZ, Nguyen T, Nam HA, Bhimji W, Farrell S, Oliker L, Rowan M, Wright NJ, Williams S ( 2021) Architectural requirements for deep learning workloads in HPC environments. In: 2021 International Workshop on Performance Modeling, Benchmarking and Simulation of High Performance Computer Systems (PMBS), pp. 7\u2013 17 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/PMBS54543.2021.00007"},{"key":"7669_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-019-02937-z","volume":"75","author":"G Yi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yi G, Loia V (2019) High-performance computing systems and applications for AI. J Supercomput 75:4248\u20134251","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"7669_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.12.019","volume":"141","author":"H Nolte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nolte H, Spicher N, Russel A, Ehlers T, Krey S, Krefting D, Kunkel J (2023) Secure HPC: A workflow providing a secure partition on an HPC system. Futur Gener Comput Syst 141:677\u2013691","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"7669_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chai Z, Chen Y, Anwar A, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Rangwala H ( 2021) FedAT: A high-performance and communication-efficient federated learning system with asynchronous tiers. In: Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, pp. 1\u2013 16","DOI":"10.1145\/3458817.3476211"},{"issue":"1","key":"7669_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-023-03969-0","volume":"27","author":"S Ullah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ullah S, Jiangbin Z, Hussain MT, Sardar MW, Farooq MU, Khan S (2024) An investigating study of blind and ID-based signcryption schemes for misuse risk protection and high performance computing. Clust Comput 27(1):721\u2013735","journal-title":"Clust Comput"},{"key":"7669_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.106775","volume":"216","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang C, Xie Y, Bai H, Yu B, Li W, Gao Y (2021) A survey on federated learning. Knowl-Based Syst 216:106775","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"7669_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-022-01647-y","volume":"14","author":"J Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen J, Zhang Z, Lan Y, Cui Z, Cai J, Zhang W (2023) A survey on federated learning: challenges and applications. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 14(2):513\u2013535","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"7669_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.106775","volume":"216","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang C, Xie Y, Bai H, Yu B, Li W, Gao Y (2021) A survey on federated learning. Knowl-Based Syst 216:106775","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"7669_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi X, Xie T, Pan R, Zhu J, Yang Y, Bu K ( 2022) Towards practical deployment-stage backdoor attack on deep neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 13347\u2013 13357","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01299"},{"key":"7669_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei H, Tang H, Jia X, Wang Z, Yu H, Li Z, Satoh S, Van\u00a0Gool L, Wang Z (2024)Physical adversarial attack meets computer vision: A decade survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3430860"},{"key":"7669_CR12","unstructured":"Li Y, Lyu X, Ma X, Koren N, Lyu L, Li B, Jiang Y-G ( 2023) Reconstructive neuron pruning for backdoor defense. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 19837\u2013 19854 . PMLR"},{"key":"7669_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliva\u00a0delMoral J, iOlius A, Vidal G, Crespo PM, Martinez JE (2024) Cybersecurity in critical infrastructures: A post-quantum cryptography perspective. IEEE Int Things J","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3410702"},{"key":"7669_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castiglione A, Esposito JG, Loia V, Nappi M, Pero C, Polsinelli M (2024)Integrating post-quantum cryptography and blockchain to secure low-cost IoT devices. IEEE Trans Ind Inform","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3485796"},{"key":"7669_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shor PW ( 1994) Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In: Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 124\u2013 134 . Ieee","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"issue":"7909","key":"7669_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04623-2","volume":"605","author":"D Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph D, Misoczki R, Manzano M, Tricot J, Pinuaga FD, Lacombe O, Leichenauer S, Hidary J, Venables P, Hansen R (2022) Transitioning organizations to post-quantum cryptography. Nature 605(7909):237\u2013243","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7669_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alagic G, Alagic G, Apon D, Cooper D, Dang Q, Dang T, Kelsey J, Lichtinger J, Liu Y-K, Miller C, et al (2022) Status report on the third round of the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization process","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8413"},{"issue":"3","key":"7669_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-025-07018-y","volume":"81","author":"F Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu F, Zhou B, Song J, Xie L (2025) Quantum-resistant blockchain and performance analysis. J Supercomput 81(3):498","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"15","key":"7669_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06251-1","volume":"80","author":"HU Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan HU, Ali N, Ali F, Nazir S (2024) Transforming future technology with quantum-based IoT. J Supercomput 80(15):22362\u201322396","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"7669_CR20","unstructured":"Hard A, Partridge K, Mathews R, Augenstein S ( 2021) Jointly learning from decentralized (federated) and centralized data to mitigate distribution shift. In: Proceedings of Neurips Workshop on Distribution Shifts"},{"issue":"12","key":"7669_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4994","DOI":"10.3390\/app14124994","volume":"14","author":"F Opi\u0142ka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Opi\u0142ka F, Niemiec M, Gagliardi M, Kourtis MA (2024) Performance analysis of post-quantum cryptography algorithms for digital signature. Appl Sci 14(12):4994","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"7669_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/a16110518","volume":"16","author":"M Vidakovi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vidakovi\u0107 M, Mili\u010devi\u0107 K (2023) Performance and applicability of post-quantum digital signature algorithms in resource-constrained environments. Algorithms 16(11):518","journal-title":"Algorithms"},{"key":"7669_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raavi M, Chandramouli P, Wuthier S, Zhou X, Chang S-Y ( 2021) Performance characterization of post-quantum digital certificates. In: 2021 International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1\u2013 9 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN52240.2021.9522179"},{"key":"7669_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71295","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3077843","volume":"9","author":"CA Roma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roma CA, Tai C-EA, Hasan MA (2021) Energy efficiency analysis of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms. IEEE Access 9:71295\u201371317","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"7669_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li P, Chen T, Liu J ( 2024) Enhancing Quantum Security over Federated Learning via Post-Quantum Cryptography. In: 2024 IEEE 6th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems, and Applications (TPS-ISA), pp. 499\u2013 505 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS-ISA62245.2024.00067"},{"key":"7669_CR26","unstructured":"Fouque P-A, Hoffstein J, Kirchner P, Lyubashevsky V, Pornin T, Prest T, Ricosset T, Seiler G, Whyte W, Zhang Z et al (2018) Falcon: Fast-Fourier lattice-based compact signatures over NTRU. Submission to the NIST\u2019s post-quantum cryptography standardization process 36(5):1\u201375"},{"key":"7669_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstein DJ, H\u00fclsing A, K\u00f6lbl S, Niederhagen R, Rijneveld J, Schwabe P ( 2019) The SPHINCS+ signature framework. In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 2129\u2013 2146","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363229"},{"key":"7669_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ducas L, Kiltz E, Lepoint T, Lyubashevsky V, Schwabe P, Seiler G, Stehl\u00e9 D (2018) Crystals-dilithium: A lattice-based digital signature scheme. IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, 238\u2013268","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2018.i1.238-268"},{"issue":"1","key":"7669_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14010070","volume":"14","author":"D Dziechciarz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dziechciarz D, Niemiec M (2024) Efficiency analysis of NIST-standardized post-quantum cryptographic algorithms for digital signatures in various environments. Electronics 14(1):70","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"7669_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castiglione A, Loia V, Volpe A ( 2024) A Power Monitoring Framework of a Post-quantum Cryptography Web Server. In: International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, pp. 219\u2013 232 . Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-1548-3_15"},{"key":"7669_CR31","unstructured":"Standards NI (2024) Technology: Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard. Technical Report Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUBS) 205, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C"},{"key":"7669_CR32","unstructured":"Standards NI. (2024), Technology: Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard. Technical Report Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUBS) 204, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C"},{"key":"7669_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao C, Li M, Liu Y, Tian Z (2024) Transitioning from federated learning to quantum federated learning in internet of things: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3399612"},{"key":"7669_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boenisch F, Dziedzic A, Schuster R, Shamsabadi AS, Shumailov I, Papernot N ( 2023) When the curious abandon honesty: Federated learning is not private. In: 2023 IEEE 8th European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS &P), pp. 175\u2013 199 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP57164.2023.00020"},{"key":"7669_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolpegin V, Truex S, Gursoy ME, Liu L ( 2020) Data poisoning attacks against federated learning systems. In: Computer security\u2013ESORICs 2020: 25th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, ESORICs 2020, Guildford, UK, September 14\u201318, 2020, Proceedings, Part i 25, pp. 480\u2013 501 . Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58951-6_24"},{"issue":"8","key":"7669_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11248-0","volume":"58","author":"W Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang W, Wang S, Wu D, Cai T, Zhu Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Yang X, Tang Z, Li Y (2025) Deep learning model inversion attacks and defenses: a comprehensive survey. Artif Intell Rev 58(8):1\u201352","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"7669_CR37","first-page":"224","volume":"7","author":"BN Levine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Levine BN, Shields C, Margolin NB (2006) A survey of solutions to the sybil attack. University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 7:224","journal-title":"University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA"},{"key":"7669_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi J, Wan W, Hu S, Lu J, Zhang LY ( 2022) Challenges and approaches for mitigating byzantine attacks in federated learning. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), pp. 139\u2013 146 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom56396.2022.00030"},{"key":"7669_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satpathy S, Swain PK, Mohanty SN, Basa SS ( 2024) Enhancing security: Federated learning against man-in-the-middle threats with gradient boosting machines and lstm. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), pp. 1\u2013 8 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS61716.2024.10672589"},{"key":"7669_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Cid MI, Mart\u00edn R, Domingo D, Ortiz L, Mart\u00edn V ( 2024) Comparative Evaluation of Quantum-Resistant Digital Signatures. In: 2024 International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC), pp. 226\u2013 230","DOI":"10.1109\/QCNC62729.2024.00043"},{"key":"7669_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thanalakshmi P, Rishikhesh A, Marion\u00a0Marceline J, Joshi GP, Cho, W (2023) A quantum-resistant blockchain system: a comparative analysis. Mathematics 11(18)","DOI":"10.3390\/math11183947"},{"key":"7669_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paquin C, Stebila D, Tamvada G ( 2020) Benchmarking post-quantum cryptography in tls. In: Post-Quantum Cryptography, pp. 72\u2013 91. Springer, Cham","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44223-1_5"},{"key":"7669_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juaristi P, Agudo I, Rios R, Ricci L ( 2024) Benchmarking post-quantum cryptography in Ethereum-based blockchains. In: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, pp. 340\u2013 353 . Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-82349-7_23"},{"key":"7669_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lonc Brigitte, Aubry Alexandre, Bakhti Hafeda, Christofi Maria, Mehrez Hassane Aissaoui ,( 2023) Feasibility and benchmarking of post-quantum cryptography in the cooperative its ecosystem. In: 2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), pp. 215\u2013 222. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC57357.2023.10136335"},{"key":"7669_CR45","unstructured":"Cooper D, et al (2024) Stateless hash-based digital signature standard"},{"key":"7669_CR46","unstructured":"Fouque P-A, Hoffstein J, Kirchner P, Lyubashevsky V, Pornin T, Prest T, Ricosset T, Seiler G, Whyte W, Zhang Z (2025) Falcon: Fast-fourier lattice-based compact signatures over NTRU. https:\/\/falcon-sign.info\/falcon.pdf. Accessed: -10-03"},{"key":"7669_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cremers C, D\u00fczl\u00fc S, Fiedler R, Fischlin M, Janson C ( 2021) BUFFing signature schemes beyond unforgeability and the case of post-quantum signatures. In: 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 1696\u2013 1714 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00093"},{"key":"7669_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stebila, D., Mosca, M.: Post-quantum key exchange for the internet and the open quantum safe project. In: International Conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography, pp. 14\u2013 37 ( 2016). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69453-5_2"},{"key":"7669_CR49","unstructured":"Safe OQ (2022) liboqs: C library for prototyping and experimenting with quantum-resistant cryptography. Accessed 25.02.2025. https:\/\/github.com\/open-quantum-safe\/liboqs"},{"key":"7669_CR50","unstructured":"Safe OQ (2022) liboqs-python: Python 3 bindings for liboqs. Accessed 25.02.2025 . https:\/\/github.com\/open-quantum-safe\/liboqs-python"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Supercomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07669-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07669-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07669-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T04:42:02Z","timestamp":1757306522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07669-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07669-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-0484","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1191"}}