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Designed to support high-performance computing research across disciplines, Toubkal integrates CPU, high-memory, and GPU-accelerated nodes connected via a high-bandwidth InfiniBand fabric and powered in part by renewable energy sources. We benchmark Toubkal\u2019s compute, memory, network, and storage subsystems using standard and reproducible tools (HPL, STREAM, IOR, OMB, HPL-MxP), reporting robust performance and energy-efficiency metrics. The CPU partition achieves 63% of its theoretical peak, while GPU-accelerated HPL-MxP benchmarks on H100 nodes exceed 209\u00a0TFLOP\/s per GPU. We also introduce a supervised learning model that predicts GPU frequency ranges minimizing the energy-delay product (EDP) across diverse workloads. The model achieves over 92% accuracy, with average gains of 13% in EDP, 13% in energy consumption, and a 1.1% reduction in kernel time across all kernels. The paper also compares Toubkal to several US DoE systems, analyzes early user growth, and documents real-world adoption across domains including AI, bioinformatics, and material science. These results offer both a technical reference for reproducibility and a performance baseline for emerging HPC centers worldwide. Beyond presenting a system deployment, this work contributes an early blueprint for sustainable, regional supercomputing infrastructure aligned with global standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-025-07858-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T09:46:25Z","timestamp":1759484785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["TOUBKAL: a high-performance supercomputer powering scientific research in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Imad","family":"Kissami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2951-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Basmadjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othmane","family":"Chakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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