{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T10:14:56Z","timestamp":1774520096500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Supercomput"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-025-07944-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:56:15Z","timestamp":1774515375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Katz measure-enhanced incremental information retrieval approach based on spectral clustering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenning","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feiyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shichen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"7944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lafferty, J., Zhai, C.: Document Language Models, Query Models, and Risk Minimization for Information Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 111\u2013119 (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/383952.383970"},{"issue":"4","key":"7944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000019","volume":"3","author":"S Robertson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robertson S, Zaragoza H et al (2009) The probabilistic relevance framework: Bm25 and beyond. Found Trends Inf Retrieval 3(4):333\u2013389","journal-title":"Found Trends Inf Retrieval"},{"key":"7944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robertson, S.E., Walker, S.: On Relevance Weights with Little Relevance Information. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 16\u201324 (1997)","DOI":"10.1145\/258525.258529"},{"key":"7944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, S., Chen, D., Hajishirzi, H., Zettlemoyer, L.: A Discrete hard em Approach for Weakly Supervised Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pp. 2851\u20132864 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1284"},{"key":"7944_CR5","unstructured":"Yih, W.-t., Toutanova, K., Platt, J.C., Meek, C.: Learning Discriminative Projections for text Similarity Measures. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 247\u2013256 (2011)"},{"key":"7944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, P.-S., He, X., Gao, J., Deng, L., Acero, A., Heck, L.: Learning deep Structured Semantic Models for web Search Using Clickthrough data. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management, pp. 2333\u20132338 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2505515.2505665"},{"key":"7944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillick, D., Kulkarni, S., Lansing, L., Presta, A., Baldridge, J., Ie, E., Garcia-Olano, D.: Learning Dense Representations for Entity Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), pp. 528\u2013537 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/K19-1049"},{"key":"7944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karpukhin, V., Oguz, B., Min, S., Lewis, P., Wu, L., Edunov, S., Chen, D., Yih, W.-t.: Dense Passage Retrieval for open-domain Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 6769\u20136781 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.550"},{"issue":"9","key":"7944_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1145\/361002.361007","volume":"18","author":"JL Bentley","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bentley JL (1975) Multidimensional binary search trees used for associative searching. Commun ACM 18(9):509\u2013517","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"7944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1109\/TBDATA.2019.2921572","volume":"7","author":"J Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson J, Douze M, J\u00e9gou H (2019) Billion-scale similarity search with gpus. IEEE Trans on Big Data 7(3):535\u2013547","journal-title":"IEEE Trans on Big Data"},{"key":"7944_CR11","unstructured":"De\u00a0Cao, N., Izacard, G., Riedel, S., Petroni, F.: Autoregressive entity retrieval. In: ICLR 2021-9th International Conference on Learning Representations, vol. 2021 (2020). ICLR"},{"key":"7944_CR12","first-page":"21831","volume":"35","author":"Y Tay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tay Y, Tran V, Dehghani M, Ni J, Bahri D, Mehta H, Qin Z, Hui K, Zhao Z, Gupta J et al (2022) Transformer memory as a differentiable search index. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 35:21831\u201321843","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"7944_CR13","first-page":"25600","volume":"35","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Hou Y, Wang H, Miao Z, Wu S, Chen Q, Xia Y, Chi C, Zhao G, Liu Z et al (2022) A neural corpus indexer for document retrieval. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 35:25600\u201325614","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"7944_CR14","unstructured":"Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., Le, Q.V.: Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. Advances in neural information processing systems 27 (2014)"},{"key":"7944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Zhang, R., Guo, J., Rijke, M., Chen, W., Fan, Y., Cheng, X.: Continual Learning for Generative Retrieval over Dynamic Corpora. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 306\u2013315 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3583780.3614821"},{"key":"7944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta, S., Gupta, J., Tay, Y., Dehghani, M., Tran, V., Rao, J., Najork, M., Strubell, E., Metzler, D.: Dsi++: Updating transformer memory with new documents. In: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 8198\u20138213 (2023)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.510"},{"key":"7944_CR17","unstructured":"Kishore, V., Wan, C., Lovelace, J., Artzi, Y., Weinberger, K.Q.: Incdsi: Incrementally Updatable Document Retrieval. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 17122\u201317134 (2023). PMLR"},{"issue":"4","key":"7944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026647","volume":"33","author":"SE Robertson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Robertson SE (1977) The probability ranking principle in ir. J Doc 33(4):294\u2013304","journal-title":"J Doc"},{"key":"7944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J., Fan, Y., Ai, Q., Croft, W.B.: A deep relevance matching model for ad-hoc retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 55\u201364 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2983323.2983769"},{"key":"7944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, C., Dai, Z., Callan, J., Liu, Z., Power, R.: End-to-end neural ad-hoc ranking with kernel pooling. In: Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 55\u201364 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3077136.3080809"},{"key":"7944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, Z., Xiong, C., Callan, J., Liu, Z.: Convolutional neural networks for soft-matching n-grams in ad-hoc search. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, pp. 126\u2013134 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3159652.3159659"},{"key":"7944_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan, J., Mao, J., Liu, Y., Guo, J., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: Optimizing dense retrieval model training with hard negatives. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1503\u20131512 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462880"},{"key":"7944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31668","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-2296","volume":"35","author":"M Bevilacqua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bevilacqua M, Ottaviano G, Lewis P, Yih S, Riedel S, Petroni F (2022) Autoregressive search engines: generating substrings as document identifiers. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 35:31668\u201331683","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"7944_CR24","first-page":"1234","volume":"237","author":"Z Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Z, Qin Y, Cao X, Yu S, Yang C, Liu Z, Sun M (2024) Anisotropy is not the problem: rethinking the role of embedding normalization in dense passage retrieval. Trans Machine Learn Res 237:1234\u20131245","journal-title":"Trans Machine Learn Res"},{"key":"7944_CR25","unstructured":"Su, J., Cao, J., Liu, W., Ou, Y.: Whitening sentence representations for better semantics and faster retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.15316 (2021)"},{"key":"7944_CR26","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Ma, Z., Yan, Y.: On the spectral theory of sbms: Beyond the eigenvalue gap. Transactions on Machine Learning Research (2023)"},{"key":"7944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00276","volume":"7","author":"T Kwiatkowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski T, Palomaki J, Redfield O, Collins M, Parikh A, Alberti C, Epstein D, Polosukhin I, Devlin J, Lee K et al (2019) Natural questions: a benchmark for question answering research. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist 7:453\u2013466","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Comput Linguist"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Supercomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07944-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07944-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07944-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:56:26Z","timestamp":1774515386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07944-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["7944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11227-025-07944-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-0484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-0484","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"298"}}