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It addresses three key questions: (i) what challenges arise when interpreting navigation sonar data in cluttered or reflective environments; (ii) how effective is manual annotation when combined with segmentation models such as U-Net; and (iii) whether affordable sonar can support complex object-level perception. Controlled pool experiments were conducted to examine acoustic artifacts including reflections, shadows, and range-dependent distortions. A manually annotated dataset was used to evaluate classical and deep-learning-based segmentation methods. Results show that preprocessing\u2014near-field exclusion, denoising, and polar resampling\u2014significantly improves detection clarity. Leveraging GPU-accelerated and data-parallel processing, the framework achieves scalable, near-real-time performance aligned with high-performance computing principles. The dataset and code are publicly available to encourage further research in dynamic and multi-sensor underwater perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-025-08095-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T17:33:51Z","timestamp":1764610431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interpreting navigation sonar data for object detection: a feasibility study using the Ping360"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Md Junayed","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somasundar","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira Samy","family":"Talaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8095_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00127893-200205000-00005","volume":"8","author":"DM Barratt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barratt DM, Harch PG, Meter KV (2002) Decompression illness in divers: a review of the literature. Neurologist 8(3):186\u2013202","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"8095_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wing Keung To (2024) A., Le, K., Liu, D.: Underwater robots for cleaning and inspection of underwater structures. Infrastructure Robotics: Methodologies. Robotic Systems and Applications. Springer, Singapore, pp 161\u2013183","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394162871.ch8"},{"issue":"3","key":"8095_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/machines10030183","volume":"10","author":"V Tadic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tadic V, Toth A, Vizvari Z, Klincsik M, Sari Z, Sarcevic P, Sarosi J, Biro I (2022) Perspectives of realsense and zed depth sensors for robotic vision applications. 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After using this tool\/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Gen AI declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no Conflict of interest.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"1616"}}