{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:55:25Z","timestamp":1752231325649},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synthese"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-005-3718-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T17:57:54Z","timestamp":1108749474000},"page":"289-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["TRUTH, REFLECTION, AND HIERARCHIES"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Glanzberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"CR1","volume-title":"The Liar","author":"J. Barwise","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barwise, J. and J. Etchemendy: 1987, The Liar, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.1997.tb00744.x","volume":"63","author":"L. Beklemishev","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beklemishev, L.: 1997, ?Notes on Local Reflection Principles?, Theoria 63, 139?146.","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"CR3","first-page":"326","volume":"4","author":"P. Bernays","year":"1930","unstructured":"Bernays, P.: 1930, ?Die Philosophie der Mathematik und die Hilbertsche Beweistheorie?, Bl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr deutsche Philosophie 4, 326?367. References are to the translation as ?The Philosophy of Mathematics and Hilbert?s Proof Theory? by P. Mancosu in (Mancosu 1998a).","journal-title":"Bl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr deutsche Philosophie"},{"key":"CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2307\/2025724","volume":"76","author":"T. Burge","year":"1979","unstructured":"Burge, T.: 1979, ?Semantical Paradox?, Journal of Philosophy 76, 169?198. Reprinted in (Martin 1984).","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"CR5","volume-title":"Logical Frameworks for Truth and Abstraction: An Axiomatic Study","author":"A. Cantini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cantini, A.: 1996, Logical Frameworks for Truth and Abstraction: An Axiomatic Study, Elsevier, Amsterdam."},{"key":"CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/aristotelian\/59.1.141","volume":"59","author":"M. Dummett","year":"1959","unstructured":"Dummett, M.: 1959, ?Truth?, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 59, 141?162. Reprinted in (Dummett 1978).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society"},{"key":"CR7","first-page":"140","volume":"5","author":"M. Dummett","year":"1963","unstructured":"Dummett, M.: 1963, ?The Philosophical Significance of G\u00f6del?s Theorem?, Ratio 5, 140?155. Reprinted in (Dummett 1978).","journal-title":"Ratio"},{"key":"CR8","volume-title":"Truth and Other Enigmas","author":"M. Dummett","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dummett, M.: 1978, Truth and Other Enigmas, Harvard University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"CR9","volume-title":"Meaning and Method: Essays in Honor of Hilary Putnam","author":"M. Dummett","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dummett, M.: 1990, ?The Source of the Concept of Truth?, in G. Boolos (ed.), Meaning and Method: Essays in Honor of Hilary Putnam, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Reprinted in (Dummett 1993)."},{"key":"CR10","volume-title":"The Seas of Language","author":"M. Dummett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dummett, M.: 1993, The Seas of Language, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2307\/2964649","volume":"27","author":"S. Feferman","year":"1962","unstructured":"Feferman, S.: 1962, ?Transfinite Recursive Progressions of Axiomatic Theories?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 27, 259?316.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2269764","volume":"29","author":"S. Feferman","year":"1964","unstructured":"Feferman, S.: 1964, ?Systems of Predicative Analysis?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 29, 1?30. Reprinted in (Hintikka 1969).","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2307\/2274509","volume":"53","author":"S. Feferman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Feferman, S.: 1988a, ?Hilbert?s Program Relativized: Proof-Theoretical and Foundational Reductions?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, 364?384.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR14","first-page":"113","volume-title":"The Universal Turing Machine: A Half-Century Survey","author":"S. Feferman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Feferman, S.: 1988b, ?Turing in the Land of O(z)?, in R. Herken (ed.), The Universal Turing Machine: A Half-Century Survey, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 113?147."},{"key":"CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2274902","volume":"56","author":"S. Feferman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Feferman, S.: 1991, ?Reflecting on Incompleteness?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 56, 1?49.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2307\/2964544","volume":"27","author":"S. Feferman","year":"1962","unstructured":"Feferman, S. and C. Spector: 1962, ?Incompleteness Along Paths in Progressions of Theories?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 27, 383?390.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0072(87)90073-X","volume":"33","author":"H. Friedman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Friedman, H. and M. Sheard: 1987, ?An Axiomatic Approach to Self-Referential Truth?, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 33, 1?21.","journal-title":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic"},{"key":"CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0072(88)90038-3","volume":"40","author":"H. Friedman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Friedman, H. and M. Sheard: 1988, ?The Disjunction and Existence Properties for Axiomatic Systems of Truth?, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 40, 1?10.","journal-title":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic"},{"key":"CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010314719817","volume":"103","author":"M. Glanzberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glanzberg, M.: 2001, ?The Liar in Context?, Philosophical Studies 103, 217?251.","journal-title":"Philosophical Studies"},{"key":"CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glanzberg, M.: (forthcoming), ?A Contextual-Hierarchical Approach to Truth and the Liar Paradox?, Journal of Philosophical Logic.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:LOGI.0000019227.09236.f5"},{"key":"CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01700692","volume":"38","author":"K. G\u00f6del","year":"1931","unstructured":"G\u00f6del, K.: 1931, ?\u00dcber formal unentscheidbare S\u00e4tze der Principia mathematica und verwandter Systeme I?, Monatshefte f\u00fcr Mathematik und Physik 38, 173?198. References are to the translation as ?On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems I? by J. van Heijenoort in (van Heijenoort 1967).","journal-title":"Monatshefte f\u00fcr Mathematik und Physik"},{"key":"CR22","volume-title":"Collected Works, Vol. III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures","author":"K. G\u00f6del","year":"1995","unstructured":"G\u00f6del, K.: 1995, Collected Works, Vol. III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures, Oxford University press, Oxford. Edited by S. Feferman, J. W. Dawson Jr., W. Goldfarb, C. Parsons, and R. M. Solovay."},{"key":"CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-22156-3","volume-title":"Metamathematics of First-Order Arithmetic","author":"P. H\u00e1jek","year":"1993","unstructured":"H\u00e1jek, P. and P. Pudl\u00e1k: 1993, Metamathematics of First-Order Arithmetic, Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017977304199","volume":"26","author":"V. Halbach","year":"1997","unstructured":"Halbach, V.: 1997, ?Tarskian and Kripean Truth?, Journal of Philosophical Logic 26, 69?80.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005148426909","volume":"62","author":"V. Halbach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Halbach, V.: 1999, ?Conservative Theories of Classical Truth?, Studia Logica 62, 353?370.","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"key":"CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.2307\/2694987","volume":"66","author":"V. Halbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Halbach, V.: 2001, ?Disquotational Truth and Analyticity?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 66, 1959?1973.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01206605","volume":"95","author":"D. Hilbert","year":"1926","unstructured":"Hilbert, D.: 1926, ?\u00dcber das Unendliche?, Mathematische Annalen 95, 161?190. References are to the translation as ?On the Infinite? by S. Bauer-Mengelberg in (van Heijenoort 1967).","journal-title":"Mathematische Annalen"},{"key":"CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02940602","volume":"6","author":"D. Hilbert","year":"1928","unstructured":"Hilbert, D.: 1928, ?Die Grundlagen der Mathematik?, Abhandlungen aus dem mathematischen Seminar der Hamburgischen Universit\u00e4t 6, 65?85. References are to the translation as ?The Foundations of Mathematics? by S. Bauer-Mengelberg and D. F\u00f8llesdal in (van Heijenoort 1967).","journal-title":"Abhandlungen aus dem mathematischen Seminar der Hamburgischen Universit\u00e4t"},{"key":"CR29","volume-title":"The Philosophy of Mathematics","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hintikka, J. (ed.): 1969, The Philosophy of Mathematics, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"CR30","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians (at Edinburgh, 1958)","author":"G. Kreisel","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kreisel, G.: 1960, ?Ordinal Logics and the Characterization of Informal Concepts of Proof?, in J. A. Todd (ed.), Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians (at Edinburgh, 1958), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 289?299."},{"key":"CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-237X(08)71525-8","volume-title":"Problems in the Philosophy of Mathematics","author":"G. Kreisel","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kreisel, G.: 1967, ?Informal Rigour and Completeness Proofs?, in I. Lakatos (ed.), Problems in the Philosophy of Mathematics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 138?157. Reprinted in (Hintikka 1969)."},{"key":"CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2307\/2270324","volume":"33","author":"G. Kreisel","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kreisel, G.: 1968, ?A Survey of Proof Theory?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 33, 321?388.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR33","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Intuitionism and Proof Theory","author":"G. Kreisel","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kreisel, G.: 1970, ?Principles of Proof and Ordinals Implicit in Given Concepts?, in A. Kino, J. Myhill, and R. E. Vesley (eds.), Intuitionism and Proof Theory, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 489?516."},{"key":"CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/malq.19680140702","volume":"14","author":"G. Kreisel","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kreisel, G. and A. L\u00e9vy: 1968, ?Reflection Principles and Their Use for Establishing the Complexity of Axiomatic Systems?, Zeitschrift f\u00fcr mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 14, 97?142.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik"},{"key":"CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.2307\/2024634","volume":"72","author":"S. Kripke","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kripke, S.: 1975, ?Outline of a Theory of Truth?, Journal of Philosophy 72, 690?716. Reprinted in (Martin 1984).","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"CR36","volume-title":"From Brouwer to Hilbert: The Debate on the Foundations of Mathematics in the 1920s","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mancosu, P. (ed.): 1998a, From Brouwer to Hilbert: The Debate on the Foundations of Mathematics in the 1920s, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"CR37","first-page":"149","volume-title":"From Brouwer to Hilbert: The Debate on the Foundations of Mathematics in the 1920s","author":"P. Mancosu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mancosu, P.: 1998b, ?Hilbert and Bernays on Metamathematics?, in P. Mancosu (ed.), From Brouwer to Hilbert: The Debate on the Foundations of Mathematics in the 1920s, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 149?188."},{"key":"CR38","volume-title":"Recent Essays on Truth and the Liar Paradox","year":"1984","unstructured":"Martin, R. L. (ed.): 1984, Recent Essays on Truth and the Liar Paradox, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"CR39","volume-title":"Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox","author":"V. McGee","year":"1991","unstructured":"McGee, V.: 1991, Truth, Vagueness, and Paradox, Hackett, Indianapolis."},{"key":"CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00660887","volume":"27","author":"C. Parsons","year":"1974","unstructured":"Parsons, C.: 1974a, ?Informal Axiomatization, Formalization, and the Concept of Truth?, Synthese 27, 27?47. Reprinted in (Parsons 1983).","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257482","volume":"3","author":"C. Parsons","year":"1974","unstructured":"Parsons, C.: 1974b, ?The Liar Paradox?, Journal of Philosophical Logic 3, 381?412. Reprinted in (Parsons 1983).","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"CR42","volume-title":"Mathematics in Philosophy","author":"C. Parsons","year":"1983","unstructured":"Parsons, C.: 1983, Mathematics in Philosophy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca."},{"key":"CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00453019","volume":"13","author":"T. Parsons","year":"1984","unstructured":"Parsons, T.: 1984, ?Assertion, Denial, and the Liar Paradox?, Journal of Philosophical Logic 13, 137?152.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305492","volume":"15","author":"W. N. Reinhardt","year":"1986","unstructured":"Reinhardt, W. N.: 1986, ?Some Remarks on Extending and Interpreting Theories with a Partial Predicate for Truth?, Journal of Philosophical Logic 15, 219?251.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022481200028292","volume":"53","author":"W. Sieg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sieg, W.: 1988, ?Hilbert?s Program Sixty Years Later?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, 338?348.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022481200028309","volume":"53","author":"S. G. Simpson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Simpson, S. G.: 1988, ?Partial Realizations of Hilbert?s Program?, Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, 349?363.","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-237X(08)71123-6","volume-title":"Handbook of Mathematical Logic","author":"C. Smorynski","year":"1977","unstructured":"Smorynski, C.: 1977, ?The Incompleteness Theorems?, in J. Barwise (ed.), Handbook of Mathematical Logic, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 821?865."},{"key":"CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/0195123352.001.0001","volume-title":"Understanding Truth","author":"S. Soames","year":"1999","unstructured":"Soames, S.: 1999, Understanding Truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.2307\/2026089","volume":"78","author":"W. W. Tait","year":"1981","unstructured":"Tait, W. W.: 1981, ?Finitism?, Journal of Philosophy 78, 524?546.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"CR50","first-page":"261","volume":"1","author":"A. Tarski","year":"1935","unstructured":"Tarski, A.: 1935, ?Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formalizierten Sprachen?, Studia Philosophica 1, 261?405. References are to the translation by J. H. Woodger as ?The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages? in (Tarski 1983).","journal-title":"Studia Philosophica"},{"key":"CR51","volume-title":"Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics","author":"A. Tarski","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tarski, A.: 1983, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics, 2nd edn, Hackett, Indianapolis. Edited by J. Corcoran with translations by J. H. Woodger.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"CR52","volume-title":"New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tymoczko, T. (ed.): 1986, New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics, Birkh\u00e4user, Boston."},{"key":"CR53","volume-title":"From Frege to G\u00f6del: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic 1879?1931","year":"1967","unstructured":"van Heijenoort, J. (ed.): 1967, From Frege to G\u00f6del: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic 1879?1931, Harvard University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"CR54","first-page":"237","volume":"43","author":"A. Visser","year":"1981","unstructured":"Visser, A.: 1981, ?An Incompleteness Result for Paths through or within O?, Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings. Series A. Mathematical Sciences 43, 237?243.","journal-title":"Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings. Series A. Mathematical Sciences"},{"key":"CR55","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson","author":"D. Wiggins","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wiggins, D.: 1980, ?What Would Be a Substantial Theory of Truth??, in Z. van Straaten (ed.), Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 189?221."}],"container-title":["Synthese"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11229-005-3718-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11229-005-3718-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11229-005-3718-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T07:17:42Z","timestamp":1683011862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11229-005-3718-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11229-005-3718-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-7857","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}}}