{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T03:33:07Z","timestamp":1769225587737,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Det Frie Forskningsr?d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4001-00059B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4001-00059B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synthese"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-018-01978-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T14:13:01Z","timestamp":1540908781000},"page":"1-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Polarization in groups of Bayesian agents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-2878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefine","family":"Pallavicini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Hallsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Kappel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1978_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00892.x","volume":"29","author":"D Abrams","year":"1990","unstructured":"Abrams, D., Wetherell, M., Cochrane, S., Hogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1990). Knowing what to think by knowing who you are: Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2), 97\u2013119.","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1978_CR2","first-page":"847","volume":"87","author":"LR Anderson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anderson, L. R., & Holt, C. A. (1997). Information cascades in the laboratory. The American Economic Review, 87(5), 847\u2013862.","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"1978_CR3","unstructured":"Angere, S. (2010). Knowledge in a social network. (unpublished manuscript)."},{"key":"1978_CR4","volume-title":"Scientific collaboration and collective knowledge","author":"S Angere","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angere, S., & Olsson, E. (2017). Publish late, publish rarely! Network density and group competence in scientific communication. In T. Boyer, C. Mayo-Wilson, & M. Weisberg (Eds.), Scientific collaboration and collective knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"1978_CR5","unstructured":"Angere, S., Masterton, G., & Erik, O. (forthcoming). The epistemology of social networks. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1978_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076771","volume":"32","author":"CD Batson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Batson, C. D. (1975). Rational processing or rationalization? The effect of disconfirming information on a stated religious belief. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(1), 176\u2013184.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1978_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1933-1592.2010.00366.x","volume":"81","author":"D Christensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christensen, D. (2010). Higher-order evidence. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 81(1), 185\u2013215.","journal-title":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1978_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12186","volume":"8","author":"J Cook","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cook, J., & Lewandowsky, S. (2016). Rational irrationality: Modeling climate change belief polarization using Bayesian networks. Topics in Cognitive Science, 8(1), 160\u2013179.","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"1978_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"K Easwaran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Easwaran, K., Fenton-glynn, L., Hitchcock, C., & Velasco, J. D. (2016). Updating on the credences of others: Disagreement, agreement and synergy. Philosophers\u2019 Imprint, 16, 1\u201339.","journal-title":"Philosophers\u2019 Imprint"},{"key":"1978_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, F. K., Chang, E., & Hussain, O. K. (2007). State of the art review of the existing Bayesian-network based approaches to trust and reputation computation. In Second international conference on internet monitoring and protection, ICIMP 2007. ICIMP.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIMP.2007.43"},{"issue":"6","key":"1978_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.6.1141","volume":"50","author":"DJ Isenberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Isenberg, D. J. (1986). Group polarization. A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(6), 1141\u20131151.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1978_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035941","volume":"121","author":"A Jern","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jern, A., Chang, K. M. K., & Kemp, C. (2014). Belief polarization is not always irrational. Psychological Review, 121(2), 206\u2013224.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"1978_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.5840\/jphil20081051024","volume":"105","author":"T Kelly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kelly, T. (2008). Disagreement, dogmatism, and belief polarization. Journal of Philosophy, 105(10), 611\u2013633.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"1978_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.01.004","volume":"30","author":"B Khosravifar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khosravifar, B., Bentahar, J., Gomrokchi, M., & Alam, R. (2012). CRM: An efficient trust and reputation model for agent computing. Knowledge-Based Systems, 30, 1\u201316.","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"1978_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-49888-6","volume-title":"Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung","author":"AN Kolmogorov","year":"1933","unstructured":"Kolmogorov, A. N. (1933). Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Berlin: Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"1978_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.3.480","volume":"108","author":"Z Kunda","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480\u2013498.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"11","key":"1978_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.11.2098","volume":"37","author":"CG Lord","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098\u20132109.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1978_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1101_6","volume":"11","author":"H Ma","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ma, H., Turner, J. C., & Davidson, B. (1990). Polarized norms and social frames of reference: A test of the self-categorization theory of group polarization. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 11(1), 77\u2013100.","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1978_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.4.720","volume":"50","author":"DM Mackie","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mackie, D. M. (1986). Social identification effects in group polarization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(4), 720.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1978_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.64.4.561","volume":"64","author":"AG Miller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miller, A. G., McHoskey, J. W., Bane, C. M., & Dowd, T. G. (1993). The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 561\u2013574.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1978_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027568","volume":"12","author":"S Moscovici","year":"1969","unstructured":"Moscovici, S., & Zavalloni, M. (1969). The group as a polarizer of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12(2), 125\u2013135.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1978_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.2.175","volume":"2","author":"RS Nickerson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175\u2013220.","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"02","key":"1978_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3366\/epi.2011.0012","volume":"8","author":"EJ Olsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olsson, E. J. (2012). A simulation approach to veritistic social epistemology. Episteme, 8(02), 127\u2013143.","journal-title":"Episteme"},{"key":"1978_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5357-0_6","volume-title":"Bayesian argumentation: The practical side of probability, synthese library","author":"EJ Olsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olsson, E. J. (2013). A Bayesian simulation model of group deliberation and polarization. In F. Zenker (Ed.), Bayesian argumentation: The practical side of probability, synthese library (Vol. 362, pp. 113\u2013133). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"1978_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paglieri, F., & Castelfranchi, C. (2005). Revising beliefs through arguments: Bridging the gap between argumentation and belief revision in MAS. In Argumentation in multi-agent systems (pp. 78\u201394).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32261-0_6"},{"issue":"3","key":"1978_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2009.09.007","volume":"11","author":"G Pavlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavlin, G., de Oude, P., Maris, M., Nunnink, J., & Hood, T. (2010). A multi-agent systems approach to distributed Bayesian information fusion. Information Fusion, 11(3), 267\u2013282.","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"1","key":"1978_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888904000116","volume":"19","author":"SD Ramchurn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ramchurn, S. D., Huynh, D., & Jennings, N. R. (2004a). Trust in multi-agent systems. Knowledge Engineering Review, 19(1), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Knowledge Engineering Review"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"1978_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/0883951049050904509045","volume":"18","author":"SD Ramchurn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ramchurn, S. D., Jennings, N. R., Sierra, C., & Godo, L. (2004b). Devising a trust model for multi-agent interactions using confidence and reputation. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 18(9\u201310), 833\u2013852.","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"1978_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.4.655","volume":"78","author":"S Schulz-Hardt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schulz-Hardt, S., Frey, D., & Moscovici, S. (2000). Biased information search in group decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 655\u2013669.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1978_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9760.00148","volume":"10","author":"C Sunstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sunstein, C. (2002). The law of group polarization. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10(2), 175\u2013195.","journal-title":"The Journal of Political Philosophy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1978_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x","volume":"50","author":"CS Taber","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated scepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755\u2013769.","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"1978_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-012-0107-x","volume":"190","author":"A Vallinder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vallinder, A., & Olsson, E. J. (2013). Do computer simulations support the argument from disagreement? Synthese, 190(8), 1437\u20131454.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"issue":"9","key":"1978_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-013-0375-0","volume":"191","author":"A Vallinder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vallinder, A., & Olsson, E. J. (2014). Trust and the value of overconfidence: A Bayesian perspective on social network communication. Synthese, 191(9), 1991\u20132007.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"issue":"8","key":"1978_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.36.8.872","volume":"36","author":"A Vinokur","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vinokur, A., & Burnstein, E. (1978). Depolarization of attitudes in groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(8), 872\u2013885.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"1978_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., & Vassileva, J. (2005) Bayesian network trust model in peer-to-peer networks. In Agents and peer-to-peer computing (pp. 23\u201334).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25840-7_3"}],"container-title":["Synthese"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11229-018-01978-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11229-018-01978-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11229-018-01978-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T10:14:26Z","timestamp":1611310466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11229-018-01978-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11229-018-01978-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-7857","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}