{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:42:02Z","timestamp":1784090522216,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315078566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315078566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["024.001.006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["024.001.006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J4047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J4047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Engineering Research Council","award":["228104-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["228104-2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Synthese"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many compelling examples have recently been provided in which people can achieve impressive epistemic success, e.g. draw highly accurate inferences, by using simple heuristics and very little information. This is possible by taking advantage of the features of the environment. The examples suggest an easy and appealing naturalization of rationality: on the one hand, people clearly<jats:italic>can<\/jats:italic>apply simple heuristics, and on the other hand, they intuitively<jats:italic>ought<\/jats:italic>do so when this brings them high accuracy at little cost.. The \u2018ought-can\u2019 principle is satisfied, and rationality is meaningfully normative. We show, however, that this naturalization program is endangered by a computational wrinkle in the adaptation process taken to be responsible for this heuristics-based (\u2018ecological\u2019) rationality: for the adaptation process to guarantee even minimal rationality, it requires astronomical computational resources, making the problem intractable. We consider various plausible auxiliary assumptions in attempt to remove this obstacle, and show that they do not succeed; intractability is a robust property of adaptation. We discuss the implications of our findings for the project of naturalizing rationality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-019-02431-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T07:47:19Z","timestamp":1572508039000},"page":"5749-5784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Naturalism, tractability and the adaptive toolbox"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Rich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Blokpoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Otworowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Sweers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"van Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/dec0000043","volume":"3","author":"HR Arkes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arkes, H. R., Gigerenzer, G., & Hertwig, R. (2016). How bad is incoherence? Decision, 3(1), 20\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dec0000043.","journal-title":"Decision"},{"key":"2431_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804090","volume-title":"Computational complexity: A modern approach","author":"S Arora","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arora, S., & Barak, B. (2009). Computational complexity: A modern approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"8","key":"2431_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2014.02.016","volume":"67","author":"N Berg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berg, N. (2014a). Success from satisficing and imitation: Entrepreneurs\u2019 location choice and implications of heuristics for local economic development. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1700\u20131709.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2431_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/1350178X.2014.969910","volume":"21","author":"N Berg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berg, N. (2014b). The consistency and ecological rationality approaches to normative bounded rationality. Journal of Economic Methodology, 21(4), 375\u2013395.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Methodology"},{"key":"2431_CR5","volume-title":"Is there value in inconsistency?","author":"N Berg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berg, N., & Gigerenzer, G. (2006). Peacemaking among inconsistent rationalities? In C. Engel & L. Daston (Eds.), Is there value in inconsistency?. Baden-Baden: Nomos."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2431_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2013.05.006","volume":"57","author":"M Blokpoel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blokpoel, M., Kwisthout, J., van der Weide, T. P., Wareham, T., & van Rooij, I. (2013). A computational-level explanation of the speed of goal inference. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 57(3\u20134), 117\u2013133.","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology"},{"key":"2431_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2014.08.025","volume":"33","author":"M Boudry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boudry, M., Vlerick, M., & McKay, R. (2014). Can evolution get us off the hook? Evaluating the ecological defence of human rationality. Consciousness and Cognition, 33, 524\u2013535.","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"2431_CR8","first-page":"322","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of situated cognition","author":"HJ Brighton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brighton, H. J., & Todd, P. M. (2009). Situating rationality: Ecologically rational decision making with simple heuristics. In P. A. Robbins & M. Aydede (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of situated cognition (pp. 322\u2013346). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-5978(02)00508-3","volume":"90","author":"N Chater","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chater, N., Oaksford, M., Nakisa, R., & Redington, M. (2003). Fast, frugal, and rational: How rational norms explain behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90(1), 63\u201386.","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2431_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/bjps\/axu028","volume":"66","author":"SJ Chow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chow, S. J. (2014). Many meanings of \u2018heuristic\u2019. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 66(4), 977\u20131016.","journal-title":"The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12000477","volume":"36","author":"A Clark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181\u2013204.","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2431_CR12","volume-title":"Introduction to algorithms","author":"TH Cormen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., & Stein, C. (2009). Introduction to algorithms. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2431_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-015-9372-z","volume":"26","author":"J Dana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dana, J., & Davis-Stober, C. P. (2016). Rational foundations of fast and frugal heuristics: The ecological rationality of strategy selection via improper linear models. Minds and Machines, 26(1\u20132), 61\u201386.","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"2431_CR14","volume-title":"Handbook of genetic algorithms","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davis, L. (Ed.). (1991). Handbook of genetic algorithms. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold."},{"key":"2431_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4737.001.0001","volume-title":"The modularity of mind","author":"JA Fodor","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"2431_CR16","volume-title":"The mind doesn\u2019t work that way: The scope and limits of computational psychology","author":"JA Fodor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fodor, J. A. (2001). The mind doesn\u2019t work that way: The scope and limits of computational psychology. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"issue":"9","key":"2431_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1145\/1562164.1562186","volume":"52","author":"L Fortnow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fortnow, L. (2009). The Status of the P Versus NP Problem. Communications of the ACM, 52(9), 78\u201386.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"2431_CR18","volume-title":"Computers and intractability","author":"MR Garey","year":"1979","unstructured":"Garey, M. R., & Johnson, D. R. (1979). Computers and intractability. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company."},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.3.592","volume":"103","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G. (1996). On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky. Psychological Review, 103(3), 592\u2013596.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR20","volume-title":"Adaptive thinking: Rationality in the real world","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Adaptive thinking: Rationality in the real world. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2008.00058.x","volume":"3","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G. (2008). Why heuristics work. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(1), 20\u201329.","journal-title":"Perspectives on psychological science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2008.01006.x","volume":"1","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., & Brighton, H. (2009). Homo heuristicus: Why biased minds make better inferences. Topics in Cognitive Science, 1(1), 107\u2013143.","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2431_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.4.650","volume":"103","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., & Goldstein, D. G. (1996). Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality. Psychological Review, 103(4), 650\u2013669.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR24","volume-title":"Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., Hertwig, R., & Pachur, T. (Eds.). (2011). Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.115.1.230","volume":"115","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., Hoffrage, U., & Goldstein, D. G. (2008). Fast and frugal heuristics are plausible models of cognition: Reply to Dougherty, Franco-Watkins, and Thomas (2008). Psychological Review, 115(1), 230\u2013239.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216011491.ch-001","volume-title":"Science and medicine in dialogue: Thinking through particulars and universals","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., & Kurzenhaeuser, S. (2005). Fast and frugal heuristics in medical decision making. In R. Bibace, J. D. Laird, K. L. Noller, & J. Valsiner (Eds.), Science and medicine in dialogue: Thinking through particulars and universals (pp. 3\u201315). Westport: Praeger."},{"key":"2431_CR27","volume-title":"Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox. Dahlem workshop reports","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., & Selten, R. (Eds.). (1999). Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox. Dahlem workshop reports. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-011-0030-6","volume":"187","author":"G Gigerenzer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gigerenzer, G., & Sturm, T. (2012). How (far) can rationality be naturalized? Synthese, 187(1), 243\u2013268.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2014.08.017","volume":"133","author":"A Gl\u00f6ckner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gl\u00f6ckner, A., Hilbig, B. E., & Jekel, M. (2014). What is adaptive about adaptive decision making? A parallel constraint satisfaction account. Cognition, 133(3), 641\u2013666.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2431_CR30","volume-title":"Epistemology and cognition","author":"AI Goldman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goldman, A. I. (1986). Epistemology and cognition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.109.1.75","volume":"109","author":"DG Goldstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2002). Models of ecological rationality: The recognition heuristic. Psychological Review, 109(1), 75.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.2008.00006.x","volume":"74","author":"T Gr\u00fcne-Yanoff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcne-Yanoff, T. (2008). Action explanations are not inherently normative. Theoria, 74, 60\u201378.","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"2431_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0771(199912)12:4<275::AID-BDM323>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"12","author":"R Hertwig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (1999). The \u2018conjunction fallacy\u2019 revisited: How intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12, 275\u2013305.","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making"},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(88)90046-3","volume":"37","author":"DS Johnson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johnson, D. S., Papadimitriou, C. H., & Yannakakis, M. (1988). How easy is local search? Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 37(1), 79\u2013100.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"},{"key":"2431_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809477","volume-title":"Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases","author":"D Kahneman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kahneman, D., Slovic, S. P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"2431_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034747","volume":"80","author":"D Kahneman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80(4), 237\u2013251.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500002588","volume":"4","author":"KV Katsikopoulos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Katsikopoulos, K. V. (2009). Coherence and correspondence in engineering design: Informing the conversation and connecting with judgment and decision-making research. Judgment and Decision Making, 4(2), 147\u2013153.","journal-title":"Judgment and Decision Making"},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2307\/2185044","volume":"101","author":"P Kitcher","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kitcher, P. (1992). The naturalists return. The Philosophical Review, 101(1), 53\u2013114.","journal-title":"The Philosophical Review"},{"key":"2431_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2011.01182.x","volume":"35","author":"J Kwisthout","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kwisthout, J., Wareham, T., & van Rooij, I. (2011). Bayesian intractability is not an ailment that approximation can cure. Cognitive Science, 35, 779\u2013784.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2431_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"F Lieder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lieder, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2019). Resource-rational analysis: Understanding human cognition as the optimal use of limited computational resources. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 1\u201385.","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022684","volume":"118","author":"S Luan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Luan, S., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2011). A signal-detection analysis of fast-and-frugal trees. Psychological Review, 118(2), 316.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR42","volume-title":"Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information","author":"D Marr","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman."},{"key":"2431_CR43","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox","author":"L Martignon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martignon, L. (2001). Comparing fast and frugal heuristics and optimal models. In G. Gigerenzer & R. Selten (Eds.), Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox (pp. 148\u2013171). London: MIT Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"2431_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2008.04.003","volume":"52","author":"L Martignon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martignon, L., Katsikopoulos, K. V., & Woike, J. K. (2008). Categorization with limited resources: A family of simple heuristics. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 52(6), 352\u2013361.","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2431_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008313020307","volume":"9","author":"L Martignon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Martignon, L., & Schmitt, M. (1999). Simplicity and robustness of fast and frugal heuristics. Minds and Machines, 9(4), 565\u2013593.","journal-title":"Minds and Machines"},{"key":"2431_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/047001332X.ch10","volume-title":"Thinking: Psychological perspectives on reasoning, judgment and decision making","author":"L Martignon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martignon, L., Vitouch, O., Takezawa, M., & Forster, M. R. (2005). Naive and yet enlightened: From natural frequencies to fast and frugal decision trees. In L. M. D. Hardman (Ed.), Thinking: Psychological perspectives on reasoning, judgment and decision making (pp. 189\u2013211). Chichester: Wiley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/047001332X.ch10."},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR47","first-page":"531","volume":"22","author":"P McLeod","year":"1996","unstructured":"McLeod, P., & Dienes, Z. (1996). Do fielders know where to go to catch the ball or only how to get there? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22(3), 531.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2431_CR48","volume-title":"Human problem solving","author":"A Newell","year":"1972","unstructured":"Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"2431_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203345955","volume-title":"Rationality in an uncertain world: Essays on the cognitive science of human reasoning","author":"M Oaksford","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (1998). Rationality in an uncertain world: Essays on the cognitive science of human reasoning. Hove: Psychology Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203345955."},{"key":"2431_CR50","unstructured":"Otworowska, M. (2018). Computational demons of an adaptive brain. Doctoral dissertation, Radboud University Nijmegen."},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12530","volume":"42","author":"M Otworowska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Otworowska, M., Blokpoel, M., Sweers, M., Wareham, T., & van Rooij, I. (2018). Demons of ecological rationality. Cognitive Science, 42(3), 1057\u20131066.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2431_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00801","volume":"5","author":"M Otworowska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Otworowska, M., Kwisthout, J., & van Rooij, I. (2014). Counter-factual mathematics of counterfactual predictive models. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 801.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2431_CR53","unstructured":"Otworowska, M., Sweers, M., Wellner, R., Uhlmann, M., Wareham, T., & van Rooij, I. (2015). How did Homo Heuristicus become ecologically rational? In EAPCogSci."},{"key":"2431_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otworowska, M., van Rooij, I., & Kwisthout, J. (2018). Maximizing entropy of the predictive processing framework. PsyArXiv.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/5zam7"},{"key":"2431_CR55","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making","author":"D Over","year":"2004","unstructured":"Over, D. (2004). Rationality and the normative\/descriptive distinction. In D. J. Koehler & N. Harvey (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making (pp. 3\u201318). New York: Wiley."},{"key":"2431_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2017.11.006","volume":"102","author":"P Parpart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parpart, P., Jones, M., & Love, B. C. (2018). Heuristics as Bayesian inference under extreme priors. Cognitive Psychology, 102, 127\u2013144.","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0048393113510468","volume":"44","author":"A Polonioli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Polonioli, A. (2014). Blame it on the norm: The challenge from \u201cadaptive rationality\u201d. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(2), 131\u2013150.","journal-title":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences"},{"key":"2431_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2014.12.003","volume":"49","author":"A Polonioli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polonioli, A. (2015). Stanovich\u2019s arguments against the \u201cadaptive rationality\u201d project: An assessment. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 49, 55\u201362.","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0959354315626805","volume":"26","author":"A Polonioli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polonioli, A. (2016). Reconsidering the normative argument from bounded rationality. Theory and Psychology, 26(3), 287\u2013303.","journal-title":"Theory and Psychology"},{"key":"2431_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ralph Hertwig, U. H., & The ABC Research Group. (Eds.). (2013). Simple heuristics in a social world. New York: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195388435.001.0001"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.23941\/ejpe.v9i2.231","volume":"9","author":"P Rich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rich, P. (2016). Axiomatic and ecological rationality: Choosing costs and benefits. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 9(2), 90\u2013122.","journal-title":"Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-014-0584-1","volume":"195","author":"P Rich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rich, P. (2018a). Comparing the axiomatic and ecological approaches to rationality: Fundamental agreement theorems in SCOP. Synthese, 195(2), 529\u2013547.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23941\/ejpe.v11i1.284","volume":"11","author":"P Rich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rich, P. (2018b). Hybrid vigor: Coherence and correspondence criteria for heuristics. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 11(1), 1\u201330.","journal-title":"Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics"},{"key":"2431_CR64","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence: A modern approach","author":"SJ Russell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2003). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach (2nd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsa.2010.07.006","volume":"41","author":"R Samuels","year":"2010","unstructured":"Samuels, R. (2010). Classical computationalism and the many problems of cognitive relevance. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 41(3), 280\u2013293.","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A"},{"key":"2431_CR66","volume-title":"Common sense, reasoning and rationality","author":"R Samuels","year":"2002","unstructured":"Samuels, R., Stich, S., & Bishop, M. (2002). Ending the rationality wars: How to make disputes about human rationality disappear. In R. Elio (Ed.), Common sense, reasoning and rationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2431_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199744282.003.0031","volume-title":"Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior","author":"B Scheibehenne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scheibehenne, B., & Br\u00f6der, A. (2011). Predicting Wimbledon 2005 tennis results by mere player name recognition. In G. Gigerenzer, R. Hertwig, & T. Pachur (Eds.), Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior (pp. 613\u2013623). Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2431_CR68","first-page":"55","volume":"7","author":"M Schmitt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmitt, M., & Martignon, L. (2006). On the complexity of learning lexicographic strategies. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7, 55\u201383.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2431_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1086\/662264","volume":"78","author":"AW Schulz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schulz, A. W. (2011). Gigerenzer\u2019s evolutionary arguments against rational choice theory: An assessment. Philosophy of Science, 78(5), 1272\u20131282.","journal-title":"Philosophy of Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"2431_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00698.x","volume":"15","author":"DM Shaffer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaffer, D. M., Krauchunas, S. M., Eddy, M., & McBeath, M. K. (2004). How dogs navigate to catch Frisbees. Psychological Science, 15(7), 437\u2013441.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042769","volume":"63","author":"HA Simon","year":"1956","unstructured":"Simon, H. A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63(2), 129\u2013138.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR72","volume-title":"Thought in a hostile world: The evolution of human cognition","author":"K Sterelny","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sterelny, K. (2003). Thought in a hostile world: The evolution of human cognition. Oxford: Wiley."},{"key":"2431_CR73","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Philosophy and cognitive science. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements","author":"S Stich","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stich, S. (1993). Naturalizing epistemology: Quine, Simon and the prospects for pragmatism. In C. Hookway & D. Peterson (Eds.), Philosophy and cognitive science. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplements (Vol. 34, pp. 1\u201317). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2431_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/0020174X.2012.643628","volume":"55","author":"T Sturm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sturm, T. (2012). The \u2018rationality wars\u2019 in psychology: Where they are and where they could go. Inquiry, 55(1), 66\u201381.","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/0048393119842786","volume":"49","author":"T Sturm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sturm, T. (2019). Formal versus bounded norms in the psychology of rationality: Toward a multilevel analysis of their relationship. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 49(3), 190\u2013209.","journal-title":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences"},{"key":"2431_CR76","unstructured":"Sweers, M. (2015). Adapting the adaptive toolbox: The computational cost of building rational behavior. Master\u2019s thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen."},{"issue":"4157","key":"2431_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4157.1124","volume":"185","author":"A Tversky","year":"1974","unstructured":"Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124\u20131131.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4481","key":"2431_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455683","volume":"211","author":"A Tversky","year":"1981","unstructured":"Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453\u2013458.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2431_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.90.4.293","volume":"90","author":"A Tversky","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90(4), 293\u2013315.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2431_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781107358331","volume-title":"Cognition and intractability: A guide to classical and parameterized complexity analysis","author":"I van Rooij","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Rooij, I., Blokpoel, M., Kwisthout, J., & Wareham, T. (2019). Cognition and intractability: A guide to classical and parameterized complexity analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"2431_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1080\/03640210801897856","volume":"32","author":"I van Rooij","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Rooij, I. (2008). The tractable cognition thesis. Cognitive Science, 32(6), 939\u2013984.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2431_CR82","unstructured":"van Rooij, I. (2015). How the curse of intractability can be cognitive science\u2019s blessing. In Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the cognitive science society."},{"issue":"3","key":"2431_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxm034","volume":"51","author":"I van Rooij","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Rooij, I., & Wareham, T. (2008). Parameterized complexity in cognitive modeling: Foundations, applications and opportunities. The Computer Journal, 51(3), 385\u2013404.","journal-title":"The Computer Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2431_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-014-0532-0","volume":"195","author":"I van Rooij","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Rooij, I., Wright, C. D., Kwisthout, J., & Wareham, T. (2018). Rational analysis, intractability, and the prospects of \u2018as if\u2019-explanations. Synthese, 195(2), 491\u2013510.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"2431_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1177\/0959354313489369","volume":"23","author":"A Wallin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wallin, A. (2013). A peace treaty for the rationality wars? External validity and its relation to normative and descriptive theories of rationality. Theory and Psychology, 23, 458\u2013478.","journal-title":"Theory and Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2431_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00493441","volume":"23","author":"A Wallin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wallin, A., & G\u00e4rdenfors, P. (2000). Smart people who make simple heuristics work. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(5), 765\u2013765.","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2431_CR87","unstructured":"Zenker, F. (2017). Can Bayesian models have \u201cnormative pull\u201d on human reasoners? In Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on argumentation, 20\u201323 June, 2017, Freiburg, Switzerland."}],"container-title":["Synthese"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11229-019-02431-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11229-019-02431-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11229-019-02431-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:48:55Z","timestamp":1721954935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11229-019-02431-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11229-019-02431-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-7857","1573-0964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-7857","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}