{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T09:46:30Z","timestamp":1771062390952,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-01-1680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-01-1680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-019-00640-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T20:02:32Z","timestamp":1576180952000},"page":"113-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["UAVs-based antenna arrays using time modulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Diana A.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Reyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1313-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Panduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gopi","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Balderas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-010-9492-x","volume":"61","author":"A B\u00fcrkle","year":"2011","unstructured":"B\u00fcrkle, A., Florian, S., & Kollmann, M. (2011). Towards autonomous micro UAV swarms. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems,61(1\u20134), 339\u2013353.","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems"},{"key":"640_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrovsky, A., Sekora, R. (2010). Structural integration of a thin conformal annular slot antenna for UAV applications. In Loughborough antennas and propagation conference (pp. 229\u2013232).","DOI":"10.1109\/LAPC.2010.5666169"},{"key":"640_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2017.150242","volume":"32","author":"S Imai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Imai, S., Blasch, E., Galli, A., Zhu, W., Lee, F., & Varela, C. A. (2017). Airplane flight safety using error-tolerant data stream processing. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,32, 4\u201317.","journal-title":"IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine"},{"key":"640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2621862","volume":"2016","author":"J Garza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garza, J., Panduro, M. A., Reyna, A., Romero, G., & del Rio, C. (2016). Design of UAVs-based 3D antenna arrays for a maximum performance in terms of directivity and SLL. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,2016, 1\u20138.","journal-title":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breheny, S. H., D\u2019Andrea, R., Miller, J. C. (2003). Using airborne vehicle-based antenna arrays to improve communications with UAV clusters. In Proceedings of the 42nd IEEE conference on decision and control (Vol. 4, pp. 4158\u20134162).","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2003.1271801"},{"key":"640_CR6","unstructured":"Jan, S. S., Enge, P. (2000). Using GPS to synthesize a large antenna aperture when the elements are mobile. In Proceedings of the national technical meeting of the institute of navigation, Anaheim, CA (pp. 1\u201311)."},{"key":"640_CR7","first-page":"1976","volume":"44","author":"RS Chandra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chandra, R. S., Breheny, S. H., & D\u00b4Andrea, R. (2008). Antenna array synthesis with clusters of unmanned aerial vehicles. Automatica International Federation of Automatic Control,44, 1976\u20131984.","journal-title":"Automatica International Federation of Automatic Control"},{"key":"640_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2189715","volume":"60","author":"F Namin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Namin, F., Petko, J. S., & Werner, D. H. (2012). Analysis and design optimization of robust aperiodic micro-UAV swarm-based antenna arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,60, 2295\u20132308.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tonetti, S., Hehn, M., Lupashin, S., & D\u00b4Andrea, R. (2011). Distributed control of antenna array with formation of UAVs. In Proceedings of the 18th World Congress the IFAC (Vol. 44, pp. 7848\u20137853).","DOI":"10.3182\/20110828-6-IT-1002.02460"},{"issue":"3","key":"640_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1139\/p59-031","volume":"37","author":"HE Shanks","year":"1959","unstructured":"Shanks, H. E., & Bickmore, R. W. (1959). Four-dimensional electromagnetic radiators. Canadian Journal of Physics,37(3), 263\u2013275.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Physics"},{"issue":"6","key":"640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1963.1138102","volume":"11","author":"W Kummer","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kummer, W., Villeneuve, A., Fong, T., & Terrio, F. (1963). Ultra-low sidelobes from time-modulated arrays. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,11(6), 633\u2013639.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aksoy, E., & Afacan, E. (2014). A comparative study on sideband optimization in time-modulated arrays. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Antennas and Propagation2014, 1\u201314, Article ID 290737.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/290737"},{"issue":"1","key":"640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2003.821556","volume":"2","author":"S Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang, S., Gan, Y. B., & Khiang, T. P. (2003). A new technique for power-pattern synthesis in time-modulated linear arrays. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2(1), 285\u2013287.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters"},{"issue":"9","key":"640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2444439","volume":"63","author":"G Ram","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ram, G., Mandal, D., Kar, R., & Ghoshal, S. P. (2015). Cat swarm optimization as applied to time-modulated concentric circular antenna arrays: analysis and comparison with other stochastic optimization methods. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,63(9), 4180\u20134183.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2010.2051312","volume":"9","author":"E Aksoy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aksoy, E., & Afacan, E. (2010). Thinned nonuniform amplitude time-modulated linear arrays. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,9, 514\u2013517.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2041165","volume":"58","author":"L Poli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poli, L., Rocca, P., Manica, L., & Massa, A. (2010). Handling sideband radiations in time-modulated arrays through particle swarm optimization. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,58(4), 1408\u20131411.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2647900","volume":"16","author":"A Reyna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reyna, A., Balderas, L., & Panduro, M. (2017). Time-modulated antenna arrays for circularly polarized shaped beam patterns. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,16, 1537\u20131540.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters"},{"issue":"11","key":"640_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2279093","volume":"61","author":"J Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, J., Li, W. T., Shi, X. W., Xin, L., & Yu, J. F. (2013). A hybrid ABC-DE algorithm and its application for time-modulated arrays pattern synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,61(11), 5485\u20135495.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2012.2183849","volume":"11","author":"P Rocca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rocca, P., Poli, L., Oliveri, G., & Massa, A. (2012). Adaptive nulling in time-varying scenarios through time-modulated linear arrays. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,11, 101\u2013104.","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters"},{"key":"640_CR20","volume-title":"Swarm intelligence","author":"J Kennedy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kennedy, J., & Eberhart, R. (2001). Swarm intelligence. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers."},{"issue":"2","key":"640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2004.823969","volume":"52","author":"J Robinson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robinson, J., & Rahmat-Samii, Y. (2004). Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,52(2), 397\u2013407.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"4","key":"640_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2041163","volume":"58","author":"S Karimkashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karimkashi, S., & Kishk, A. A. (2010). Invasive weed optimization and its features in electromagnetics. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,58(4), 1269\u20131278.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"640_CR23","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A modified invasive weed optimization algorithm for time-modulated linear antenna array synthesis","author":"A Basak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Basak, A., Pal, S., Das, S., Abraham, A., & Snasel, V. (2010). A modified invasive weed optimization algorithm for time-modulated linear antenna array synthesis (pp. 1\u20138). Barcelona: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation."},{"key":"640_CR24","unstructured":"Tong, Y. (2013) Time modulated linear arrays. Doctoral thesis in electronic and electrical engineering. The University of Sheffield."},{"key":"640_CR25","volume-title":"Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design","author":"C Balanis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balanis, C. (2005). Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design (3rd ed.). NY: Wiley.","edition":"3"},{"key":"640_CR26","unstructured":"Pang, T. (2016). Design, prototyping and autonomous control of gasoline-engine variable-pitch quadcopter. Dissertation."},{"key":"640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7551-4","volume-title":"Surrogated-based modeling and optimization. Applications in engineering","author":"S Koziel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koziel, S., & Leifsson, L. (2013). Surrogated-based modeling and optimization. Applications in engineering (1st ed.). New York: Springer.","edition":"1"},{"key":"640_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2002.807947","volume":"50","author":"MG Bray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bray, M. G., Werner, D. H., Boehringer, D. W., & Machuga, D. W. (2002). Optimization of thinned aperiodic linear phased arrays using genetic algorithms to reduce grating lobes during scanning. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,50, 1732\u20131742.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"2","key":"640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.20844","volume":"25","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Jiao, Y. C., & Zhang, Y. M. (2015). A novel hybrid invasive weed optimization algorithm for pattern synthesis of array antennas. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering,25(2), 154\u2013163.","journal-title":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering"}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-019-00640-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-019-00640-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-019-00640-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:54:42Z","timestamp":1607648082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-019-00640-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-019-00640-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-4864","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}