{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:44:11Z","timestamp":1761129851818,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-021-00776-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T07:04:53Z","timestamp":1617260693000},"page":"625-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The cell-free mMIMO networks: mathematical analysis and performance evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0883-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hussein Mohamed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Shokair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Benaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2569483","volume":"4","author":"D Muirhead","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muirhead, D., Imran, M. A., & Arshad, K. (2016). A survey of the challenges, opportunities and use of multiple antennas in current and future 5G small cell base stations. IEEE Access, 4, 2952\u20132964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2569483","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"776_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2696005","volume":"16","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Bai, B., & Chen, W. (2017). Spectrum reuse ratio in 5G cellular networks: A matrix graph approach. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 16(12), 3541\u20133553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMC.2017.2696005","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"776_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2680318","volume":"5","author":"A Taufique","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taufique, A., Jaber, M., Imran, A., Dawy, Z., & Yacoub, E. (2017). Planning wireless cellular networks of future: Outlook, challenges and opportunities. IEEE Access, 5, 4821\u20134845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2680318","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"776_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9162","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2929839","volume":"68","author":"F Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song, F., et al. (2019). Probabilistic caching for small-cell networks with terrestrial and aerial users. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(9), 9162\u20139177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2019.2929839","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"776_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2436896","volume":"65","author":"Y Xin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xin, Y., Wang, D., Li, J., Zhu, H., Wang, J., & You, X. (2016). Area spectral efficiency and area energy efficiency of massive MIMO cellular systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(5), 3243\u20133254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2015.2436896","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"11","key":"776_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2731768","volume":"65","author":"K Shojaeifard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shojaeifard, K., Wong, M., Di Renzo, G., Zheng, K., Hamdi, A., & Tang, J. (2017). Massive MIMO-enabled full-duplex cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 65(11), 4734\u20134750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2731768","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"776_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2952843","volume":"19","author":"Y Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han, Y., Rao, B. D., & Lee, J. (2020). Massive uncoordinated access with massive MIMO: A dictionary learning approach. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(2), 1320\u20131332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2019.2952843","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"776_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5693","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2982013","volume":"69","author":"L You","year":"2020","unstructured":"You, L., et al. (2020). Pilot reuse for vehicle-to-vehicle underlay massive MIMO transmission. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(5), 5693\u20135697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2020.2982013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"776_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2768423","volume":"17","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Hoydis, J., & Sanguinetti, L. (2018). Massive MIMO has unlimited capacity. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17(1), 574\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2017.2768423","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"776_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2945792","volume":"68","author":"L Sanguinetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanguinetti, L., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Hoydis, J. (2020). Toward massive MIMO 2.0: Understanding spatial correlation, interference suppression, and pilot contamination. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(1), 232\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2945792","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"776_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thasneem, H., & Joy, M. (2016). Mutual coupling reduction on MIMO antenna. In 2016 International Conference on Emerging Technological Trends (ICETT), Kollam, pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICETT.2016.7873683.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETT.2016.7873683"},{"key":"776_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khaleel, H. R., Al-Rizzo, H. M., Rucker, D. G., Rahmatallah, Y. A., & Mohan, S. (2011). Mutual coupling reduction of dual-band printed monopoles using MNG metamaterial. In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), Spokane, WA, pp. 2219\u20132222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/APS.2011.5996956.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2011.5996956"},{"key":"776_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Faraz, F., Li, Q., Chen, X., Abdullah, M., Zhang, S., & Zhang, A. (2019). Mutual coupling reduction for linearly arranged MIMO antenna. In 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC), Taiyuan, China, pp. 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799266.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSQRWC.2019.8799266"},{"key":"776_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bait Suwailam, M. M., Boybay, M. S., & Ramahi, O. M. (2009). Mutual coupling reduction in MIMO antennas using artificial magnetic materials. In: 2009 13th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Science Meeting, Toronto, ON, pp. 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ANTEMURSI.2009.4805043.","DOI":"10.1109\/ANTEMURSI.2009.4805043"},{"key":"776_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bukkawar, S., & Ahmed, V. (2019). Study of various mutual coupling reduction techniques in MIMO antennas. In 2019 Third International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), Coimbatore, India, pp. 106\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICISC44355.2019.9036446.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISC44355.2019.9036446"},{"issue":"3","key":"776_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2655515","volume":"16","author":"HQ Ngo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ngo, H. Q., Ashikhmin, A., Yang, H., Larsson, E. G., & Marzetta, T. L. (2017). Cell-free massive MIMO versus small cells. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(3), 1834\u20131850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2017.2655515","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"7","key":"776_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2698449","volume":"16","author":"E Nayebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nayebi, E., Ashikhmin, A., Marzetta, T. L., Yang, H., & Rao, B. D. (2017). Precoding and power optimization in cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(7), 4445\u20134459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2017.2698449","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"776_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3021026","author":"S Elhoushy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elhoushy, S., & Hamouda, W. (2020). Towards high data rates in dynamic environments using hybrid cell-free massive MIMO\/Small-Cell system. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LWC.2020.3021026","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"key":"776_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaik, Z. H., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Larsson, E. G. (2020). Cell-free massive MIMO with radio stripes and sequential uplink processing. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145164.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145164"},{"key":"776_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papazafeiropoulos, A. K., Kourtessis, P., Renzo, M. D., Chatzinotas, S., & Senior, J. M. (2020). Coverage Probability of cell-free massive MIMO systems. In 2020 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom), Odessa, Ukraine, 2020, pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BlackSeaCom48709.2020.9235025.","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom48709.2020.9235025"},{"issue":"8","key":"776_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000810","volume":"38","author":"HV Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen, H. V., et al. (2020). On the spectral and energy efficiencies of full-duplex cell-free massive MIMO. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 38(8), 1698\u20131718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000810","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"776_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papazafeiropoulos, A., Ngo, H. Q., Kourtessis, P., Chatzinotas, S., & Senior, J. M. (2020). Optimal energy efficiency in cell-free massive MIMO systems: A stochastic geometry approach. In 2020 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, London, United Kingdom, pp. 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PIMRC48278.2020.9217353.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC48278.2020.9217353"},{"key":"776_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56214","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981967","volume":"8","author":"J Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu, J., Xu, K., Xia, X., Shen, Z., & Xie, W. (2020). Downlink power optimization for cell-free massive MIMO over spatially correlated rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Access, 8, 56214\u201356227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981967","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"776_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2941478","volume":"19","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Sanguinetti, L. (2020). Making cell-free massive MIMO competitive with MMSE processing and centralized implementation. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(1), 77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2019.2941478","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"776_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800161","volume":"26","author":"L Sboui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sboui, L., Rezki, Z., Sultan, A., & Alouini, M. (2019). A new relation between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in wireless communications systems. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26(3), 168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800161","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"776_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.05.001","volume":"50","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akyildiz, I. F., Lee, W. Y., Vuran, M. C., & Mohanty, S. (2006). Next generation\/dynamic spectrum access\/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 50, 2127\u20132159.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"1","key":"776_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2010.2093210","volume":"5","author":"B Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, B., & Ray Liu, K. J. (2011). Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1), 5\u201323.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing"},{"key":"776_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alias, D. M., & Ragesh, G. K. (2016). Cognitive radio networks: A survey. In 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), Chennai, pp. 1981\u20131986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WiSPNET.2016.7566489.","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSPNET.2016.7566489"},{"issue":"2","key":"776_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcnc.2013.5214","volume":"5","author":"M Shalaby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shalaby, M., Shokair, M., & Abdo, Y. S. E. (2013). Simulation of cognitive radio system applying different wireless channel models. International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC), 5(2), 181\u2013194.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC)"},{"issue":"1","key":"776_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-013-1527-8","volume":"77","author":"M Shalaby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shalaby, M., Shokair, M., & Abdo, Y. S. E. (2014). Enhancement of geometry and throughput in LTE femtocells cognitive radio networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 77(1), 649\u2013659.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"776_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2915-z","volume":"85","author":"M Shalaby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shalaby, M., Shokair, M., & Messiha, N. W. (2015). System design and performance analysis of LTE cognitive femtocells. Wireless Personal Communications, 85(4), 2463\u20132483.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-021-00776-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-021-00776-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-021-00776-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T04:37:24Z","timestamp":1626323844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-021-00776-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-021-00776-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1018-4864"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-9451"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}