{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:20:07Z","timestamp":1775082007829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-024-01134-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T19:01:36Z","timestamp":1712948496000},"page":"519-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adaptive thresholds for improved load balancing in mobile edge computing using K-means clustering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Tahir","family":"Maqsood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sardar Khaliq","family":"uz Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arslan","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Shuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1134_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Deng, R., Zhao, X., & Wang, M. M. (2021). Load balancing for distributed intelligent edge computing: A state-based game approach. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2021.3087178"},{"key":"1134_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zaman, S. K. u., et al. (2021). Mobility-aware computational offloading in mobile edge networks: A survey. Cluster Computing, 24(4), 2735\u20132756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-021-03268-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-021-03268-6"},{"key":"1134_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6757","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2685434","volume":"5","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Yang, J., & Wang, W. (2017). A survey on mobile edge networks: Convergence of computing, caching and communications. IEEE Access, 5, 6757\u20136779.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1134_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, J., Zhou, L., Zhang, G., Wu, D., Zheng, J., & Cai, Y. (2018). Secure caching in D2D content sharing. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2018.8403552"},{"key":"1134_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasir, M., Maqsood, T., Rehman, F., & Mustafa, S. (2022). CoPUP: Content popularity and user preferences aware content caching framework in mobile edge computing. Cluster Computing 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-022-03624-0"},{"issue":"21","key":"1134_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8411","DOI":"10.3390\/s22218411","volume":"22","author":"A Safi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Safi, A., Ahmad, Z., Jehangiri, A. I., Latip, R., Khan, M. A., & Ghoniem, R. M. (2022). A fault tolerant surveillance system for fire detection and prevention using LoRaWAN in smart buildings. Sensors, 22(21), 8411.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1134_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3008485","volume":"1","author":"S Thananjeyan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thananjeyan, S., Chan, C. A., Wong, E., & Nirmalathas, A. (2020). Mobility-Aware energy optimization in hosts selection for computation offloading in multi-access edge computing. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 1, 1056\u20131065.","journal-title":"IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society"},{"key":"1134_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, M., & Aron, R. (2021). A systematic study of load balancing approaches in the fog computing environment. The Journal of Supercomputing 1\u201346.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03600-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"1134_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2889503","volume":"6","author":"Q Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan, Q., & Ansari, N. (2018). Towards traffic load balancing in drone-assisted communications for IoT. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2), 3633\u20133640.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1134_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1587\/transfun.2020EAL2012","volume":"104","author":"P Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Tao, J., Rauf, A., Jia, F., & Xu, L. (2021). Load balancing for energy-harvesting mobile edge computing. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, 104(1), 336\u2013342.","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences"},{"key":"1134_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, M., Liang, W., Xu, Z., & Huang, M. (2016). Cloudlet load balancing in wireless metropolitan area networks. In IEEE INFOCOM 2016-The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (pp. 1\u20139). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524411"},{"issue":"3","key":"1134_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2960631","volume":"7","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao, Z., et al. (2019). Vehicular task offloading via heat-aware MEC cooperation using game-theoretic method. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(3), 2038\u20132052.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"1134_CR13","first-page":"4","volume":"34","author":"SK uz Zaman","year":"2019","unstructured":"uz Zaman, S. K., Maqsood, T., Ali, M., Bilal, K., Madani, S. A., & Khan, A. (2019). A load balanced task scheduling heuristic for large-scale computing systems. The Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 34, 4.","journal-title":"The Computer Systems Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"8","key":"1134_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7944","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2917890","volume":"68","author":"J Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Li, Q., Gong, Y., & Zhang, K. (2019). Computation offloading and resource allocation for cloud assisted mobile edge computing in vehicular networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(8), 7944\u20137956.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1134_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2959410","volume":"69","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Guo, H., Liu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Task offloading in vehicular edge computing networks: A load-balancing solution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(2), 2092\u20132104.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1134_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2966500","volume":"69","author":"W Zhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhan, W., Luo, C., Min, G., Wang, C., Zhu, Q., & Duan, H. (2020). Mobility-aware multi-user offloading optimization for mobile edge computing. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(3), 3341\u20133356.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"1134_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahani, G., & Yuan, D. (2019). BS-assisted task offloading for D2D networks with presence of user mobility. In 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2019.8746650"},{"issue":"2","key":"1134_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2958740","volume":"69","author":"S Misra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Misra, S., & Bera, S. (2019). Soft-van: Mobility-aware task offloading in software-defined vehicular network. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(2), 2071\u20132078.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"1134_CR19","unstructured":"Jehangiri, A. I., et al. (2022). LiMPO: Lightweight mobility prediction and offloading framework using machine learning for mobile edge computing. Cluster Computing."},{"issue":"7","key":"1134_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.3390\/app12073312","volume":"12","author":"SK u. Zaman","year":"2022","unstructured":"u. Zaman, S. K., et al. (2022). COME-UP: Computation offloading in mobile edge computing with LSTM based user direction prediction. Applied Sciences, 12(7), 3312.","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"1134_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Wang, X., Wang, D., Lan, Y., & Hou, J. (2019). Mobility-aware task offloading and migration schemes in SCNs with mobile edge computing. In 2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2019.8885747"},{"issue":"3","key":"1134_CR22","first-page":"227","volume":"32","author":"SKU Zaman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaman, S. K. U., Khan, A. U. R., Malik, S. U. R., Khan, A. N., Maqsood, T., & Madani, S. A. (2017). Formal verification and performance evaluation of task scheduling heuristics for makespan optimization and workflow distribution in large-scale computing systems. Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 32(3), 227\u2013241.","journal-title":"Computer Systems Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"1134_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-020-02444-7","volume":"27","author":"C-H Chu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chu, C.-H. (2021). Task offloading based on deep learning for blockchain in mobile edge computing. Wireless Networks, 27(1), 117\u2013127.","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"key":"1134_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, W., Gu, X., Wen, M., Ji, Y., Ge, J., & Zhang, G. (2021). Resource management for intelligent vehicular edge computing networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3114957"},{"issue":"12","key":"1134_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14198","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3040596","volume":"69","author":"R Yadav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yadav, R., Zhang, W., Kaiwartya, O., Song, H., & Yu, S. (2020). Energy-latency tradeoff for dynamic computation offloading in vehicular fog computing. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(12), 14198\u201314211.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"22","key":"1134_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24910","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3096245","volume":"21","author":"R Yadav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadav, R., et al. (2021). Smart healthcare: RL-based task offloading scheme for edge-enable sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(22), 24910\u201324918.","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"1134_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7525","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3153508","volume":"18","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Yadav, R., Tian, Y.-C., Tyagi, S. K. S., Elgendy, I. A., & Kaiwartya, O. (2022). Two-phase industrial manufacturing service management for energy efficiency of data centers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 18(11), 7525\u20137536.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"1134_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, C., et al. (2022). An edge server placement algorithm based on graph convolution network. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3226681"},{"key":"1134_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pydi, H., & Iyer, G. N. (2020). Analytical review and study on load balancing in edge computing platform. In 2020 Fourth International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) (pp. 180\u2013187). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCMC48092.2020.ICCMC-00036"},{"key":"1134_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, B., Wang, Z., Huang, T., Chen, J., & Liu, Y. (2010). A hierarchical virtual resource management architecture for network virtualization. In 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM) (pp. 1\u20134). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WICOM.2010.5601454"},{"key":"1134_CR31","unstructured":"Sztrik, J. (2010). Queueing theory and its applications, a personal view. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Applied Informatics (Vol. 1, pp. 9\u201330)."}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01134-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01134-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01134-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T04:24:14Z","timestamp":1721449454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01134-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01134-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-4864","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This is the author's own work not submitted anywhere else.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}