{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:43:04Z","timestamp":1781109784072,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-024-01135-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T07:01:56Z","timestamp":1713250916000},"page":"363-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimized precoding for massive MU-MIMO systems with KLDA dimension reduction and RNN-crossover GBO algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Srividhya","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Anto","family":"Bennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2022.101976","volume":"57","author":"Z Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, Z., & Ma, J. (2022). Deep learning-driven MIMO: Data encoding and processing mechanism. Physical Communication, 57, 101976.","journal-title":"Physical Communication"},{"key":"1135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108045","volume":"101","author":"MK Hasan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasan, M. K., Hosain, M. S., Saha, T., Islam, S., Paul, L. C., Khatak, S., Alkhassawneh, H. M., Kariri, E., Ahmed, E., & Hassan, R. (2022). Energy efficient data detection with low complexity for an uplink multi-user massive MIMO system. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 101, 108045.","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2892044","volume":"8","author":"M Sarajli\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarajli\u0107, M., Rusek, F., S\u00e1nchez, J. R., Liu, L., & Edfors, O. (2019). Fully decentralized approximate zero-forcing precoding for massive MIMO systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 8(3), 773\u2013776.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"key":"1135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., & Alkhateeb, A. (2019). November. Deep learning for direct hybrid precoding in millimeter wave massive MIMO systems. In 2019 53rd Asilomar conference on signals, systems, and computers (pp. 800\u2013805). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048966"},{"issue":"10","key":"1135_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.090513.130038","volume":"61","author":"K Zu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zu, K., de Lamare, R. C., & Haardt, M. (2013). Generalized design of low-complexity block diagonalization type precoding algorithms for multiuser MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 61(10), 4232\u20134242.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"1135_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3033334","volume":"20","author":"Q Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, Q., Cai, Y., Shi, Q., Xu, K., Yu, G., & Ding, Z. (2020). Iterative algorithm induced deep-unfolding neural networks: Precoding design for multiuser MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(2), 1394\u20131410.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"11","key":"1135_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3011978","volume":"24","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Zhang, X., Zeng, W., & Xie, J. (2020). Deep learning-based precoder design in MIMO systems with finite-alphabet inputs. IEEE Communications Letters, 24(11), 2518\u20132521.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"key":"1135_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bo, Z., Liu, R., Guo, Y., Li, M., & Liu, Q. (2020). December. Deep learning based low-resolution hybrid precoding design for mmWave MISO systems. In 2020 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC Wkshps (pp. 1\u20136), IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367486"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2893928","volume":"68","author":"H Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, H., Song, Y., Yang, J., Gui, G., & Adachi, F. (2019). Deep-learning-based millimeter-wave massive MIMO for hybrid precoding. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(3), 3027\u20133032.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"1135_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60764","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3073325","volume":"9","author":"MA Albreem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albreem, M. A., Al Habbash, A. H., Abu-Hudrouss, A. M., & Ikki, S. S. (2021). Overview of precoding techniques for massive MIMO. IEEE Access, 9, 60764\u201360801.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"1135_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11193","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3190435","volume":"21","author":"M Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Gao, J., & Zhong, C. (2022). A deep learning-based framework for low complexity multiuser MIMO precoding design. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 21(12), 11193\u201311206.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"1135_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2014.2363831","volume":"3","author":"L Liang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liang, L., Xu, W., & Dong, X. (2014). Low-complexity hybrid precoding in massive multiuser MIMO systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 3(6), 653\u2013656.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"issue":"7","key":"1135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2457450","volume":"65","author":"JC Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, J. C., Wang, C. J., Wong, K. K., & Wen, C. K. (2015). Low-complexity precoding design for massive multiuser MIMO systems using approximate message passing. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(7), 5707\u20135714.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"18","key":"1135_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186054","volume":"21","author":"JP Pavia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pavia, J. P., Velez, V., Ferreira, R., Souto, N., Ribeiro, M., Silva, J., & Dinis, R. (2021). Low complexity hybrid precoding designs for multiuser mmWave\/THz ultra massive MIMO Systems. Sensors, 21(18), 6054.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"1135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7429","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3105569","volume":"69","author":"J Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi, J., Wang, W., Yi, X., Gao, X., & Li, G. Y. (2021). Deep learning-based robust precoding for massive MIMO. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69(11), 7429\u20137443.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"1135_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33577","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903166","volume":"7","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, X., Li, X., Cao, S., Deng, Q., Ran, R., Nguyen, K., & Tingrui, P. (2019). Hybrid precoding for massive mmWave MIMO systems. IEEE Access, 7, 33577\u201333586.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1135_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3425952","volume":"2020","author":"VK Dinh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dinh, V. K., Le, M. T., Ngo, V. D., & Ta, C. H. (2020). PCA-aided linear precoding in massive MIMO systems with imperfect CSI. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2020, 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2021.02.009","volume":"7","author":"T Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding, T., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, L. (2021). Hybrid precoding for mmWave massive MU-MIMO systems with overlapped subarray: A modified GLRAM approach. ICT Express, 7(4), 460\u2013467.","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"issue":"10","key":"1135_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10461","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3108689","volume":"70","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Lian, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., Jin, M., & Qiu, T. (2021). Energy-efficient multi-antenna hybrid block diagonalization precoding and combining for Mmwave massive multi-user MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(10), 10461\u201310476.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"1135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-022-09727-6","volume":"125","author":"Y Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Gong, C., Zhang, Z., Li, H., Wang, X., & Dai, X. (2022). A low-complexity precoding scheme for downlink massive MU-MIMO systems with low-resolution DACs. Wireless Personal Communications, 125, 3627\u20133640.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"1135_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2020.1791745","volume":"68","author":"J Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, J., & Kedia, D. (2020). spectral efficient precoding design for multi-cell large MU-MIMO system. IETE Journal of Research, 68(6), 4310\u20134325.","journal-title":"IETE Journal of Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"1135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093019","volume":"21","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, X., Huang, Y., Heng, W., & Wu, J. (2021). Machine learning-inspired hybrid precoding for mmWave MU-MIMO systems with domestic switch network. Sensors, 21(9), 3019.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"8","key":"1135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3390\/e24081066","volume":"24","author":"X Bao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bao, X., Jiang, M., Fang, W., & Zhao, C. (2022). PCQNet: A trainable feedback scheme of precoder for the uplink multi-user MIMO systems. Entropy, 24(8), 1066.","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"8","key":"1135_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3087233","volume":"39","author":"Q Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, Q., Liu, Y., Cai, Y., Yu, G., & Ding, Z. (2021). Joint deep reinforcement learning and unfolding: Beam selection and precoding for mmWave multiuser MIMO with lens arrays. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 39(8), 2289\u20132304.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"1135_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.01.005","volume":"59","author":"S Ayesha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ayesha, S., Hanif, M. K., & Talib, R. (2020). Overview and comparative study of dimensionality reduction techniques for high dimensional data. Information Fusion, 59, 44\u201358.","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"1135_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68240","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915290","volume":"7","author":"F Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng, F., Peng, W., Zhang, C., & Zhong, D. (2019). Iot assisted kernel linear discriminant analysis based gait phase detection algorithm for walking with cognitive tasks. IEEE Access, 7, 68240\u201368249.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1135_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bucher, S., & Waldschmidt, C. (2020) Advanced noncoherent detection in massive mimo systems via digital beamspace preprocessing. In Telecom (vol. 1, (3), pp. 211\u2013227). MDPI.","DOI":"10.3390\/telecom1030015"},{"key":"1135_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18081","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3150857","volume":"10","author":"M Said","year":"2022","unstructured":"Said, M., Houssein, E. H., Deb, S., Alhussan, A. A., & Ghoniem, R. M. (2022). A novel gradient based optimizer for solving unit commitment problem. IEEE Access, 10, 18081\u201318092.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1135_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44322","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3066329","volume":"9","author":"S Deb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deb, S., Abdelminaam, D. S., Said, M., & Houssein, E. H. (2021). Recent methodology-based gradient-based optimizer for economic load dispatch problem. IEEE Access, 9, 44322\u201344338.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2021192","volume":"18","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Luo, Q., Wei, Y., Abualigah, L., & Zhou, Y. (2021). An efficient binary Gradient-based optimizer for feature selection. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 18(4), 3813\u20133854.","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering"},{"key":"1135_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.104960","volume":"113","author":"G Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, G., & Yue, X. (2022). An improved whale optimization algorithm based on multilevel threshold image segmentation using the Otsu method. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 113, 104960.","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"1135_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, W., Strufe, M., & Schotten, H.D. (2020). Long-range MIMO channel prediction using recurrent neural networks. In\u00a02020 IEEE 17th annual consumer communications & networking conference (CCNC) 1\u20136, IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC46108.2020.9045219"},{"key":"1135_CR33","unstructured":"Alkhateeb, A. (2019). DeepMIMO: A generic deep learning dataset for millimeter wave and massive MIMO applications, 1902.06435."},{"key":"1135_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, P.R., Chaturvedi, A., Juyal, A., Pant, B., Mydhili, S.K. & Yadav, R. (2022). December. Deep Learning-Based Hybrid System for Multiuser MIMO Systems. In\u00a02022 5th international conference on contemporary computing and informatics (IC3I)\u00a0(pp. 1596\u20131601). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3I56241.2022.10073464"},{"key":"1135_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, R., Khurana, V., Reddy, M.S., Yadav, R., Jangir, R. & Kapila, D. (2022) Wireless communication design using neural networks and deep learning. In\u00a02022 International conference on innovative computing, intelligent communication and smart electrical systems (ICSES) (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSES55317.2022.9914069"},{"issue":"6","key":"1135_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2020.1791745","volume":"68","author":"J Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, J., & Kedia, D. (2022). Spectral efficient precoding design for multi-cell large MU-MIMO system. IETE Journal of Research, 68(6), 4310\u20134325.","journal-title":"IETE Journal of Research"},{"key":"1135_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5862","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3296622","volume":"71","author":"W Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin, W., Zhang, J., Wen, C. K., & Jin, S. (2023). Model-driven deep learning for hybrid precoding in millimeter wave MU-MIMO system. IEEE Transactions on Communications., 71, 5862\u20135876.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications."},{"key":"1135_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2023.3322827","volume":"71","author":"X Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Li, M., Liu, Y., Chang, T. H., & Shi, Q. (2023). Communication-efficient decentralized linear precoding for massive MU-MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing., 71, 4045\u20134059.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing."},{"issue":"8","key":"1135_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-023-03442-1","volume":"29","author":"E Bobrov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bobrov, E., Chinyaev, B., Kuznetsov, V., Minenkov, D., & Yudakov, D. (2023). Power allocation algorithms for massive MIMO systems with multi-antenna users. Wireless Networks, 29(8), 3747\u20133768.","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"key":"1135_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-023-01093-3","volume":"85","author":"A Misso","year":"2024","unstructured":"Misso, A., & Kissaka, M. (2024). Pilot contamination mitigation by pilot assignment and adaptive linear precoding for massive MIMO multi-cell systems. Telecommunication Systems, 85, 389\u2013400.","journal-title":"Telecommunication Systems"},{"key":"1135_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-023-10529-7","volume":"131","author":"CV Srinivas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Srinivas, C. V., & Borugadda, S. (2023). RF chain selection using hybrid optimization with precoding in mm-wave massive MIMO systems. Wireless Personal Communications, 131, 1997\u20132017.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-05660-5","volume":"56","author":"RN Paranthaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paranthaman, R. N., Sonker, A., Varalakshmi, S., Madiajagan, M., Daya Sagar, K. V., & Malathi, M. (2024). Reinforcement learning-based model for the prevention of beam-forming vector attacks on massive MIMO system. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 56(1), 44.","journal-title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-023-01099-8","volume":"2024","author":"H Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang, H., Liu, C., Song, Y., Gao, T., & Zou, Y. (2024). Neighbor-based joint spatial division and multiplexing in massive MIMO: User scheduling and dynamic beam allocation. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2024(1), 1.","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing"}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01135-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01135-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01135-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T10:08:18Z","timestamp":1720260498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01135-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-024-01135-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-4864","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}