{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:37:02Z","timestamp":1773283022581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-025-01377-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:48:45Z","timestamp":1771865325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hybrid green 6G HetNet with THz blockage alleviation and modified cooperative NOMA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Preksha","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhil","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Rakesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monali","family":"Gulhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz, M., Pirinen, P., & Posti, H. (2019). Towards 6G: getting ready for the next decade. In 2019 16th international symposium on wireless communication systems (ISWCS), pp. 714\u2013718.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2019.8877155"},{"key":"1377_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78729","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2921522","volume":"7","author":"TS Rappaport","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rappaport, T. S., et al. (2019). Wireless communications and applications above 100 GHz: Opportunities and challenges for 6G and beyond. IEEE Access, 7, 78729\u201378757.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"1377_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2927718","volume":"14","author":"P Jain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain, P., & Gupta, A. (2020). Energy-efficient adaptive sectorization for 5G green wireless communication systems. IEEE Systems Journal, 14(2), 2382\u20132391.","journal-title":"IEEE Systems Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"1377_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2488634","volume":"15","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Larsson, E. G., & Debbah, M. (2016). Massive MIMO for maximal spectral efficiency: How many users and pilots should be allocated? IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 15(2), 1293\u20131308.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1377_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basnayaka, D. A., & Haas, H. (2015). Spatial modulation for massive MIMO. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 1945\u2013 1950.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2015.7248610"},{"key":"1377_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2022.101917","volume":"55","author":"J Preksha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Preksha, J., Gupta, A., & Kumar, N. (2022). A vision towards integrated 6G communication networks: Promising technologies, architecture, and use-cases. Physics Communication, 55, 101917.","journal-title":"Physics Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7452278","volume":"54","author":"Z Pi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pi, Z., Choi, J., & Heath, R. W., Jr. (2016). Millimeter-wave gigabit broadband evolution toward 5G: Fixed access and backhaul. IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(4), 138\u2013144.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1377_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3794","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2791989","volume":"6","author":"A Chelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chelli, A., Kansanen, K., Alouini, M., & Balasingham, I. (2018). On bit error probability and power optimization in multihop millimeter wave relay systems. IEEE Access, 6, 3794\u20133808.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000484","volume":"59","author":"S Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han, S., Xie, T., & I, C.-L. (2021). Greener physical layer technologies for 6G mobile communications. IEEE Communications Magazine, 59(4), 68\u201374.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1377_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, N., & Akan, O. B. (2016). Wideband THz communication channel measurements for 5G indoor wireless networks. In IEEE ICC 2016, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511280"},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2016.2569460","volume":"6","author":"C Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han, C., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2016). Distance-aware bandwidth-adaptive resource allocation for wireless systems in the terahertz band. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 6(4), 541\u2013553.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1377_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2401560","volume":"14","author":"C Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin, C., & Li, G. Y. (2015). Indoor terahertz communications: How many antenna arrays are needed? IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(6), 3097\u20133107.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1377_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2011.2159552","volume":"1","author":"H Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song, H., & Nagatsuma, T. (2011). Present and future of terahertz communications. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 1, 256\u2013263.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1377_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2011.081011.100545","volume":"10","author":"JM Jornet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jornet, J. M., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2011). Channel modeling and capacity analysis for electromagnetic wireless nanonetworks in the terahertz band. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 10(10), 3211\u20133221.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1377_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2014.01.006","volume":"12","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akyildiz, I. F., Jornet, J. M., & Han, C. (2014). Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications. Phys. Commun. J., 12, 16\u201332.","journal-title":"Phys. Commun. J."},{"key":"1377_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Han, C., & Wang, X. (2019). Joint beamforming-power-bandwidth allocation in terahertz NOMA networks. In IEEE SECON 2019, pp. 1\u20139, 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2019.8824971"},{"key":"1377_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Liu, W., Long, K., Dong, J., & Leung, V. C. M. (2020). Energy efficient user clustering and hybrid precoding for terahertz MIMO-NOMA systems. In ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9149188"},{"key":"1377_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Li, H., Xiao, S., Lan, G., Zhu, Y., Huo, Z. (2025) DDMI: A model information evaluation method based on deep dream. In 2025 Digital Communications and Networks, pp. 2352\u20138648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.03.008"},{"key":"1377_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-024-02314-y","volume":"29","author":"H Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng, H., Yi, H., Lan, G., et al. (2024). Emo-AEN: A lightweight network for brand image design based on aesthetic evaluation. Mobile Network and Applications, 29, 1393\u20131401.","journal-title":"Mobile Network and Applications"},{"key":"1377_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarkhan, A., Nguyen, T. K., Simon, N., Bengtsson, T., Ocampo, P. & Dai, J. (2022). Attention-based deep multiple instance learning with adaptive instance sampling. In 2022 IEEE 19th international symposium on biomedical imaging (ISBI), Kolkata, pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI52829.2022.9761661"},{"key":"1377_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir, \u00d6. (2025). New relaying criteria for cooperative opportunistic-NOMA networks. In 2025 33rd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), Sile, Istanbul, pp. 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/SIU66497.2025.11111824"},{"key":"1377_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devi, P., Mishra, D., Saini, R. (2024). QoS-aware optimal power control for securing THz NOMA among untrusted heterogeneous users. In 2024 IEEE 25th international workshop on signal processing advances in wireless communications (SPAWC), Lucca, pp. 186\u2013190.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC60668.2024.10694675"},{"key":"1377_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3583921","author":"Y Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Ding, Z., & Dai, X. (2025). Beam allocation in THz-NOMA networks: A graph neural network approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2025.3583921","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"1377_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1561\/2000000093","volume":"11","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Hoydis, J., & Sanguinetti, L. (2017). Massive MIMO networks: Spectral, energy, and hardware efficiency. Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing, 11(3\u20134), 154\u2013655.","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing"},{"issue":"9","key":"1377_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2844359","volume":"17","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, H., et al. (2018). Energy efficient dynamic resource optimization in NOMA system. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17(9), 5671\u20135683.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"1377_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2790379","volume":"22","author":"Q Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Lv, T., & Lin, Z. (2018). Energy-efficient transmission design in cooperative relaying systems using NOMA. IEEE Communications Letters, 22(3), 594\u2013597.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-025-01377-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-025-01377-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-025-01377-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:28:49Z","timestamp":1773228529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-025-01377-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-025-01377-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-4864","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"41"}}