{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T16:17:31Z","timestamp":1778948251499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Graduate Student Training and Curriculum Reform Project of Northwest Normal University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-026-01454-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:59:45Z","timestamp":1778947185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Energy efficiency improvement method for multi-hop semantic communication based on quality threshold mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1454_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin, Z., Tao, X., Lu, J., Tong, W., & Li, G.Y. Semantic communications: Principles and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.01389 (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2201.01389","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2201.01389"},{"issue":"1","key":"1454_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3223224","volume":"25","author":"W Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, W., Du, H., Liew, Z. Q., Lim, W. Y. B., Xiong, Z., Niyato, D., Chi, X., Shen, X., & Miao, C. (2022). Semantic communications for future internet: Fundamentals, applications, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 25(1), 213\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2022.3223224","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials"},{"issue":"4","key":"1454_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20230029","DOI":"10.1360\/nso\/20230029","volume":"3","author":"P Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, P., Liu, Y., Song, Y., & Zhang, J. (2024). Advances and challenges in semantic communications: A systematic review. National Science Open, 3(4), 20230029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1360\/nso\/20230029","journal-title":"National Science Open"},{"key":"1454_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi, G., Gao, D., Song, X., Chai, J., Yang, M., Xie, X., Li, L., & Li, X. A new communication paradigm: From bit accuracy to semantic fidelity. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.12649 (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2101.12649","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2101.12649"},{"issue":"6","key":"1454_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3390\/e27060605","volume":"27","author":"Y Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Wu, Y., Lian, L., & Tao, M. (2025). Importance-aware resource allocations for mimo semantic communication. Entropy, 27(6), 605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e27060605","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"1454_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Islam, N., & Shin, S. Deep learning in physical layer: Review on data driven end-to-end communication systems and their enabling semantic applications. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 5, 4207\u20134240 (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3425314","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2024.3425314"},{"key":"1454_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.X., Raha, A.D., Aung, P.S., Niyato, D., Han, Z., & Hong, C.S. A contemporary survey on semantic communications: Theory of mind, generative ai, and deep joint source-channel coding. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2502.16468","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2502.16468"},{"issue":"8","key":"1454_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288246","volume":"41","author":"J Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai, J., Wang, S., Yang, K., Tan, K., Qin, X., Si, Z., Niu, K., & Zhang, P. (2023). Toward adaptive semantic communications: Efficient data transmission via online learned nonlinear transform source-channel coding. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 41(8), 2609\u20132627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288246","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"1454_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, P., Cheng, G., Kang, J., Yu, R., Qian, L., Wu, Y., & Niyato, D. Fast: Fidelity-adjustable semantic transmission over heterogeneous wireless networks. In: ICC 2023-IEEE International Conference on Communications, 4689\u20134694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279541 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279541"},{"key":"1454_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2024.352070","author":"TM Getu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Getu, T. M., Kaddoum, G., & Bennis, M. (2025). Semantic communication: A survey on research landscape, challenges, and future directions. Proceedings of the IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JPROC.2024.352070","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"key":"1454_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strinati, E.C., Di\u00a0Lorenzo, P., Sciancalepore, V., Aijaz, A., Kountouris, M., G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D., Popovski, P., Sana, M., Stavrou, P.A., Soret, B., etal Goal-oriented and semantic communication in 6g ai-native networks: The 6g-goals approach. In: 2024 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications and 6G Summit (EuCNC\/6G Summit), pp. 1\u20136 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit60053.2024.10597087 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit60053.2024.10597087"},{"issue":"1","key":"1454_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1109\/MBITS.2023.3322667","volume":"3","author":"D G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D., Chiariotti, F., Huang, K., Kal\u00f8r, A. E., Kobus, S., & Popovski, P. (2023). Timely and massive communication in 6g: Pragmatics, learning, and inference. IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine, 3(1), 27\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MBITS.2023.3322667","journal-title":"IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine"},{"key":"1454_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3592241","author":"H Niu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Niu, H., Wang, L., Lu, Z., Wen, X., & Marques, P. (2025). Performance optimization for multi-cell multi-hop semantic 6g cloudified networks considering compression, transmission and computation. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3592241","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"1454_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bian, C., Shao, Y., Wu, H., & G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D. Deep joint source-channel coding over cooperative relay networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.06705 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2211.06705","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2211.06705"},{"key":"1454_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3422794","author":"H Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, H., Shao, Y., Bian, C., Mikolajczyk, K., & G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D. (2024). Deep joint source-channel coding for adaptive image transmission over mimo channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2024.3422794","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1454_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohsin, M.A., Jazib, M., Alam, Z., Khan, M.F., Saad, M., & Jamshed, M.A. Vision transformer based semantic communications for next generation wireless networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.17275 (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2503.17275","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2503.17275"},{"key":"1454_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoo, H., Jung, T., Dai, L., Kim, S., & Chae, C.-B. Demo:real-time semantic communications with a vision transformer. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 1\u20132 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2205.03886 . IEEE","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2205.03886"},{"issue":"5","key":"1454_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2500052","volume":"32","author":"J Zou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zou, J., Xie, W., Xiao, J., Liang, Y., Moualeu, J. M., & Yang, L. (2025). From analog to digital semantic communications: Architectures, challenges, and future directions. IEEE Wireless Communications, 32(5), 56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.001.2500052","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1454_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3573407","author":"J Zou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zou, J., Xiao, J., Shen, H., Xie, W., Meng, F., Yang, L., & Liang, Y. (2025). Non-orthogonal superimposed pilot for goodput enhancement in digital semantic communication. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCCN.2025.3573407","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking"},{"issue":"14","key":"1454_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4471","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144471","volume":"24","author":"R Citroni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Citroni, R., Mangini, F., & Frezza, F. (2024). Efficient integration of ultra-low power techniques and energy harvesting in self-sufficient devices: A comprehensive overview of current progress and future directions. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 24(14), 4471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24144471","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"1454_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m, D., G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, D., & G\u00fcnl\u00fc, O. Multi-hop deep joint source-channel coding with deep hash distillation for semantically aligned image retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.06868 (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2510.06868","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2510.06868"},{"key":"1454_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, B., Park, J., Wu, Y., Zhang, W., & Quek, T. Multi-hop parallel image semantic communication for distortion accumulation mitigation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.26844 (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2510.26844","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2510.26844"},{"key":"1454_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Hu, Q., Cai, Y., & Yu, G. Alleviating distortion accumulation in multi-hop semantic communication. IEEE Communications Letters 28(2), 308\u2013312 (2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2308.11126","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2308.11126"},{"issue":"9","key":"1454_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6227","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3240969","volume":"22","author":"Z Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng, Z., Qin, Z., Tao, X., Pan, C., Liu, G., & Li, G. Y. (2023). Deep learning enabled semantic communications with speech recognition and synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 22(9), 6227\u20136240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2023.3240969","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1454_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mukherjee, S., Beard, C., & Song, S. Transformers for green semantic communication: Less energy, more semantics. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.07592 (2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2310.07592","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2310.07592"},{"key":"1454_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM52923.2024.10901382","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Yang, Z., Chen, M., Zhu, C., Xu, W., Zhang, Z., & Huang, K. (2025). Energy-efficient probabilistic semantic communication over space-air-ground integrated networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOBECOM52923.2024.10901382","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1454_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, C., Guo, C., Yang, Y., & Jiang, N. (2023). Adaptable semantic compression and resource allocation for task-oriented communications. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking,10(3), 769\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3346481","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3346481"},{"key":"1454_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daraghmeh, M., Al Ridhawi, I., Aloqaily, M., Jararweh, Y., & Agarwal, A. A power management approach to reduce energy consumption for edge computing servers. In: 2019 Fourth International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC), 259\u2013264 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FMEC.2019.8795328. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC.2019.8795328"},{"key":"1454_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, J., & Zheng, Y.R. Optimum multi-hop transmission strategies for energy constrained wireless sensor networks. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 260\u2013264 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364354 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364354"},{"key":"1454_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lahmer, S., Khoshsirat, A., Rossi, M., & Zanella, A. Energy consumption of neural networks on nvidia edge boards: an empirical model. In: 2022 20th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), 365\u2013371 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/WiOpt56218.2022.9930584 . IEEE","DOI":"10.23919\/WiOpt56218.2022.9930584"},{"key":"1454_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Capogrosso, L., Bonazzi, P., & Magno, M. Performance analysis of edge and in-sensor ai processors: A comparative review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.08725 (2026) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2603.08725","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2603.08725"},{"issue":"1","key":"1454_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s44335-025-00040-6","volume":"2","author":"Y Baek","year":"2025","unstructured":"Baek, Y., Bae, B., Shin, H., Sonnadara, C., Cho, H., Lin, C.-Y., Mu, Y., Shen, C., Shah, S., & Wang, G. (2025). etal Edge intelligence through in-sensor and near-sensor computing for the artificial intelligence of things. Npj Unconventional Computing, 2(1), 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44335-025-00040-6","journal-title":"Npj Unconventional Computing"},{"key":"1454_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hore, A., & Ziou, D. Image quality metrics: Psnr vs. ssim. In: 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2366\u20132369 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR.2010.579 . IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.579"},{"key":"1454_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sulochana, S., & Vidhya, R. Image denoising using adaptive thresholding in framelet transform domain. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 3(9) (2012) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2012.030929","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2012.030929"},{"key":"1454_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xin, J., Tang, R., Lee, J., Yu, Y., & Lin, J. Deebert: Dynamic early exiting for accelerating bert inference. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2246\u20132251 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2004.12993","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2004.12993"},{"key":"1454_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, J., Yang, L., Xu, N., Yang, J., & Huang, T. Slimmable neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.08928 (2018) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1812.08928","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1812.08928"},{"key":"1454_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai, H., Gan, C., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., & Han, S. Once-for-all: Train one network and specialize it for efficient deployment. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.09791 (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1908.09791","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1908.09791"},{"key":"1454_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fedus, W., Zoph, B., & Shazeer, N. Switch transformers: Scaling to trillion parameter models with simple and efficient sparsity. Journal of Machine Learning Research 23(120), 1\u201339 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2101.03961","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2101.03961"},{"key":"1454_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shazeer, N., Mirhoseini, A., Maziarz, K., Davis, A., Le, Q., Hinton, G., & Dean, J. Outrageously large neural networks: The sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts layer. arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.06538 (2017) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1701.06538","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1701.06538"}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01454-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01454-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01454-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:59:49Z","timestamp":1778947189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01454-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01454-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-4864","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}],"article-number":"77"}}