{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:48:05Z","timestamp":1782218885486,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Telecommun Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-026-01470-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:53:09Z","timestamp":1782215589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced TDoA based 5G NR positioning using Gauss\u2013Newton and IRLS algorithms in LoS and NLoS environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Gousiya","family":"SK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sridhar","family":"Miriyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavana","family":"Dokku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Krishna Santosh","family":"Gollapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkata Ratnam","family":"Devanaboyina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1470_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mehmeti, F., & La Porta, T. F. (2022). Modeling and analysis of mMTC traffic in 5G base stations. In: 2022 IEEE 19th annual consumer communications & networking conference (CCNC) (pp. 652\u2013660). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CCNC49033.2022.9700727","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC49033.2022.9700727"},{"key":"1470_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saglam, M. I., & Kartal, M. (2019). 5G enhanced mobile broadband downlink scheduler. In: 2019 11th international conference on electrical and electronics engineering (ELECO)\u00a0(pp. 687\u2013692). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ELECO47770.2019.8990378","DOI":"10.23919\/ELECO47770.2019.8990378"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/14498596.2020.1687170","volume":"65","author":"R Odolinski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Odolinski, R., Teunissen, P. J. G., & Zhang, B. (2020). Multi-GNSS processing, positioning and applications. Journal of Spatial Science, 65(1), 3\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14498596.2020.1687170","journal-title":"Journal of Spatial Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"1470_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3087954","volume":"22","author":"Y Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wei, Y., & Zheng, R. (2021). Efficient Wi-Fi fingerprint crowdsourcing for indoor localization. IEEE Sensors Journal, 22(6), 5055\u20135062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3087954","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"key":"1470_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fc\u00fcrsepp, I., Kulmar, M., Elgarhy, O., Alam, M. M., Chen, T., Horsmanheimo, S., & Scholliers, J. (2021). Performance evaluation of 5g-nr positioning accuracy using time difference of arrival method. In: 2021 IEEE International mediterranean conference on communications and networking (MeditCom)\u00a0(pp. 494\u2013499). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MeditCom49071.2021.9647652","DOI":"10.1109\/MeditCom49071.2021.9647652"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010101","volume":"22","author":"A Xhafa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xhafa, A., del Peral-Rosado, J. A., L\u00f3pez-Salcedo, J. A., & Seco-Granados, G. (2021). Evaluation of 5G positioning performance based on UTDoA, AoA and base-station selective exclusion. Sensors, 22(1), 101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22010101","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1470_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, S., Chen, H. M., Wang, B., Chai, J., Wu, X., & Li, F. (2022). Positioning performance evaluation for 5G positioning reference signal. In: 2022 2nd international conference on frontiers of electronics, information and computation technologies (ICFEICT)\u00a0(pp. 497\u2013504). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICFEICT57213.2022.00093","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFEICT57213.2022.00093"},{"issue":"6","key":"1470_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600374","volume":"24","author":"H Wymeersch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wymeersch, H., Seco-Granados, G., Destino, G., Dardari, D., & Tufvesson, F. (2018). 5G mmWave positioning for vehicular networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 24(6), 80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600374","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1470_CR9","unstructured":"3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2020). Study on NR positioning support (3GPP TR 38.855, Release 16). 3GPP"},{"key":"1470_CR10","unstructured":"3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2018). NR; Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 38.211 Version 15.2.0 Release 15). 3GPP"},{"key":"1470_CR11","unstructured":"3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2024). Study on NR positioning in 5G-Advanced (3GPP TR 38.857, Release 18). 3GPP"},{"key":"1470_CR12","unstructured":"3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2024). Study on expanded & improved NR positioning (3GPP TR 38.859, Release 18). 3GPP"},{"issue":"2","key":"1470_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.54097\/get2kn08","volume":"9","author":"Z Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Dai, J., & Han, X. (2024). An AOA estimation algorithm for 5G positioning technology. Academic Journal of Science and Technology, 9(2), 117\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54097\/get2kn08","journal-title":"Academic Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"1470_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spanos, T., Fabra, F., L\u00f3pez-Salcedo, J. A., Seco-Granados, G., Kanistras, N., Lapin, I., & Paliouras, V. (2024). Angle of arrival estimation using SRS in 5G NR uplink scenarios.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.16501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2411.16501","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2411.16501"},{"issue":"3","key":"1470_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3215159","volume":"72","author":"Z Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei, Z., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Yang, S., Feng, Z., Pan, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Wu, H., & Zhang, P. (2022). 5G PRS-based sensing: A sensing reference signal approach for joint sensing and communication system. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 72(3), 3250\u20133263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2022.3215159","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1470_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112554","volume":"19","author":"P Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, P., Su, S., Zuo, Z., Guo, X., Sun, B., & Wen, X. (2019). Time difference of arrival (TDoA) localization combining weighted least squares and firefly algorithm. Sensors, 19(11), 2554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19112554","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1470_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahadi, M., & Kaltenberger, F. (2023). 5GNR indoor positioning by joint DL-TDoA and DL-AoD. In\u00a02023 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)\u00a0(pp. 1\u20136). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WCNC55385.2023.10119056","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC55385.2023.10119056"},{"key":"1470_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3537959","author":"G Duggal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duggal, G., Buehrer, R. M., Dhillon, H. S., & Reed, J. H. (2025). Diffraction-aided wireless positioning. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2025.3537959","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"1470_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jestch.2025.101979","volume":"63","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, S., & Ahmad, N. S. (2025). Improved UWB-based indoor positioning system via NLOS classification and error mitigation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 63, 101979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jestch.2025.101979","journal-title":"Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal"},{"key":"1470_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Das, S. K., & Mudi, R. (2021). Kalman filter based NLOS identification and mitigation for M2M communications over cellular networks. In\u00a02021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)\u00a0(pp. 1\u20136). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9449063","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9449063"},{"issue":"3","key":"1470_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2785788","volume":"17","author":"A Shahmansoori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahmansoori, A., Garcia, G. E., Destino, G., Seco-Granados, G., & Wymeersch, H. (2017). Position and orientation estimation through millimeter-wave MIMO in 5G systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17(3), 1822\u20131835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2017.2785788","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"20","key":"1470_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33994","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3435958","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Liu, E., Li, B., & Ge, H. (2024). Asynchronous time-of-arrival-based 5G localization: Methods and optimal geometry analysis. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(20), 33994\u201334008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3435958","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"1470_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dhungel, S., Duggal, G., Ron, D., Tripathi, N., Buehrer, R. M., Reed, J. H., & Shah, V. K. (2024). Experimental Validation of a 3GPP compliant 5G-based Positioning System. In\u00a0Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking\u00a0(pp. 1946\u20131953). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3636534.3697324","DOI":"10.1145\/3636534.3697324"},{"key":"1470_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Vicenzo, S., & Xu, B. (2025). 5G direct position estimation for precise localization in dense urban area. In\u00a02025 IEEE\/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)\u00a0(pp. 935\u2013941). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS61210.2025.11028514"},{"issue":"12","key":"1470_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9923","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3275122","volume":"22","author":"F Morselli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morselli, F., Razavi, S. M., Win, M. Z., & Conti, A. (2023). Soft information-based localization for 5G networks and beyond. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 22(12), 9923\u20139938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2023.3275122","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96673-5","volume":"15","author":"S Markkandan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Markkandan, S., & Arjunan, V. K. (2025). Performance evaluation on extended neural network localization algorithm on 5 g new radio technology. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-96673-5","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"1470_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3449031","volume":"27","author":"L Italiano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Italiano, L., Tedeschini, B. C., Brambilla, M., Huang, H., Nicoli, M., & Wymeersch, H. (2024). A tutorial on 5G positioning. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 27(3), 1488\u20131535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2024.3449031","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"issue":"12","key":"1470_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20722","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3544135","volume":"12","author":"W Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong, W., Chen, L., Ju, Z., Jiao, Z., & Chen, R. (2025). Time-of-arrival estimation in challenging environments using commercial 5G NR signals for outdoor positioning. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 12(12), 20722\u201320735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3544135","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"1470_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1109\/78.301830","volume":"42","author":"YT Chan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chan, Y. T., & Ho, K. C. (1994). A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 42(8), 1905\u20131915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/78.301830","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"1470_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiong, W., Schindelhauer, C., So, H. C., Liang, J., & Wang, Z. (2020). Neurodynamic TDOA localization with NLOS mitigation via maximum correntropy criterion.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.06281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2009.06281","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2009.06281"},{"issue":"13","key":"1470_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2539139","volume":"64","author":"G Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, G., So, A. M. C., & Li, Y. (2016). Robust convex approximation methods for TDOA-based localization under NLOS conditions. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 64(13), 3281\u20133296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSP.2016.2539139","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"2","key":"1470_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.012313.110509","volume":"61","author":"S Hara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hara, S., Anzai, D., Yabu, T., Lee, K., Derham, T., & Zemek, R. (2013). A perturbation analysis on the performance of TOA and TDOA localization in mixed LOS\/NLOS environments. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 61(2), 679\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.012313.110509","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"1470_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3277510","volume":"24","author":"M Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, M., Zhao, K., Zheng, Z., Gu, M., Wang, Y., Pan, H., & Wang, B. (2023). A novel iterative positioning method based on difference RSS model with 5G field experiments. IEEE Sensors Journal, 24(5), 5466\u20135475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3277510","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"key":"1470_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, K., Kwon, H., & You, K. (2017). TDOA based geolocation using IRLS algorithm. In\u00a02017 International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS)\u00a0(pp. 92\u201395). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIIBMS.2017.8279746","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIBMS.2017.8279746"},{"key":"1470_CR35","unstructured":"3rd Generation Partnership Project. (2020). 5G; Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz (3GPP TR 38.901 Version 16.1.0, Release 16). 3GPP"},{"key":"1470_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49050","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3551841","volume":"13","author":"P Rajchowski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rajchowski, P., Correia, L. M., Tareco, P., & Cwalina, K. K. (2025). Modeling 5G-NR based positioning accuracy in urban environments. IEEE Access, 13, 49050\u201349061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3551841","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"14","key":"1470_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7909","DOI":"10.3390\/app15147909","volume":"15","author":"SS Shah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shah, S. S., Sun, C., Yang, D., Wisal, M., He, Y., Lu, B., & Xu, Y. (2025). Evaluation of 5G positioning based on uplink SRS and downlink PRS under LOS and NLOS environments. Applied Sciences, 15(14), 7909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app15147909","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"1470_CR38","first-page":"101","volume":"10","author":"FS Al Harbi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al Harbi, F. S., & Helgert, H. J. (2010). An improved Chan-Ho location algorithm for TDOA subscriber position estimation. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 10(9), 101\u2013105.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.1987.1145217","volume":"12","author":"J Smith","year":"1987","unstructured":"Smith, J., & Abel, J. (1987). The spherical interpolation method of source localization. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 12(1), 246\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JOE.1987.1145217","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3338368","volume":"28","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Chen, P., Chen, Z., & Xu, J. (2023). Fang-based 3D TDOA localization method for large-scale UAV cluster. IEEE Communications Letters, 28(1), 58\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3338368","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-020-01684-7","volume":"2020","author":"J Qu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qu, J., Shi, H., Qiao, N., Wu, C., Su, C., & Razi, A. (2020). New three-dimensional positioning algorithm through integrating TDOA and Newton\u2019s method. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2020(1), 77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01684-7","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"},{"key":"1470_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siregar, R. W., Tulus, & Ramli, M. (2018). Analysis local convergence of gauss-newton method. In\u00a0IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering\u00a0(Vol. 300, No. 1, p. 012044). IOP Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899X\/300\/1\/012044","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/300\/1\/012044"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1137\/050624935","volume":"18","author":"S Gratton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gratton, S., Lawless, A. S., & Nichols, N. K. (2007). Approximate Gauss-Newton methods for nonlinear least squares problems. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 18(1), 106\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/050624935","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Optimization"},{"issue":"5","key":"1470_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.12411","volume":"16","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhu, Z., & Zhang, B. (2022). Improved iteratively reweighted least squares algorithms for sparse recovery problem. IET Image Processing, 16(5), 1324\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/ipr2.12411","journal-title":"IET Image Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1470_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450269","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/450269","volume":"2011","author":"T Nieminen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nieminen, T., Kangas, J., & Kettunen, L. (2011). Use of Tikhonov regularization to improve the accuracy of position estimates in inertial navigation. International Journal of Navigation and Observation, 2011(1), 450269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/450269","journal-title":"International Journal of Navigation and Observation"}],"container-title":["Telecommunication Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01470-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01470-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01470-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:53:18Z","timestamp":1782215598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01470-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11235-026-01470-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-4864","1572-9451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-4864","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9451","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"100"}}