{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:13:03Z","timestamp":1763467983598},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,16]],"date-time":"2010-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["User Model User-Adap Inter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-010-9073-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]],"date-time":"2010-02-15T15:32:47Z","timestamp":1266247967000},"page":"109-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Automatic detection of users\u2019 skill levels using high-frequency user interface events"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Arin","family":"Ghazarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Majid","family":"Noorhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"9073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.89.4.369","volume":"89","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Anderson J.R.: Acquisition of cognitive skill. Psychol. Rev. 89(4), 369\u2013406 (1982)","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"9073_CR2","volume-title":"The Architecture of Cognition","author":"J.R. Anderson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Anderson J.R.: The Architecture of Cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1983)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9073_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/01449298608914495","volume":"5","author":"W. Barfield","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barfield W.: Expert-novice differences for software: implications for problem-solving and knowledge acquisition. Behav. Inf. Technol. 5(1), 15\u201329 (1986)","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"9073_CR4","unstructured":"Beale, R., Finlay, J., Austin, J., Harrison, M.: User modelling by classification: a neural-based approach. New Developments in Neural Computing, In: Taylor, J.G., Mannion, C.L.T. (eds.) (Adam Hilger), pp. 103\u2013110 (1989)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9073_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099425","volume":"3","author":"D. Benyon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Benyon D.: Adaptive systems: a solution to usability problems. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 3(1), 65\u201387 (1993)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"key":"9073_CR6","volume-title":"Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology","author":"M. Brewer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brewer M.: Research design and issues of validity. In: Reis, H., Judd, C. (eds) Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)"},{"key":"9073_CR7","volume-title":"Adaptive User Interfaces","year":"1990","unstructured":"Browne, D., Totterdell, P., Norman, M. (eds): Adaptive User Interfaces. Academic Press Ltd, London (1990)"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00143964","volume":"6","author":"P. Brusilovsky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brusilovsky P.: Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 6(2\u20133), 87\u2013129 (1996)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"issue":"7","key":"9073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1145\/358886.358895","volume":"23","author":"S.K. Card","year":"1980","unstructured":"Card S.K., Moran T.P., Newell A.: The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems. Commun. ACM. 23(7), 396\u2013410 (1980)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM."},{"key":"9073_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007379606734","volume":"28","author":"R. Caruana","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caruana R.: Multitask learning. Mach. Learn. 28, 41\u201375 (1997)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"9073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90004-2","volume":"4","author":"W.G. Chase","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chase W.G., Simon H.A.: Perception in chess. Cogn. Psychol. 4, 55\u201381 (1973)","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9073_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008296930163","volume":"8","author":"B. Cheung Chiu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cheung Chiu B., Webb G.I.: Using decision trees for agent modeling: improving prediction performance. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 8(1\u20132), 131\u2013152 (1998)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"key":"9073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin, D.N.: KNOME: modeling what the user knows in UC. In: Kobsa A., Wahlster W. (eds.) User Models in Dialog Systems, pp.\u00a074\u2013107. Springer, Berlin (Symbolic computation series edited by Loveland D.W.) (1989)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83230-7_4"},{"key":"9073_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/00140135908930419","volume":"2","author":"E.R.F.W. Crossman","year":"1959","unstructured":"Crossman E.R.F.W.: A theory of the acquisition of speed-skill. Ergonomics 2, 153\u2013156 (1959)","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9073_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.115831","volume":"131","author":"A. Darzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Darzi A., Mackay S.: Skills assessment of surgeons. Surgery 131(2), 121\u2013124 (2002)","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"9073_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(01)01041-9","volume":"193","author":"V. Datta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Datta V., Mackay S., Mandalia M., Darzi A.: The use of electromagnetic motion tracking analysis to objectively measure open surgical skill in laboratory-based model. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 193, 479\u2013485 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"9073_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.120235","volume":"131","author":"V. Datta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Datta V., Mandalia M., Mackay S., Chang A., Cheshire N., Darzi A.: Relationship between skill and outcome in the laboratory-based model. Surgery 131(3), 318\u2013323 (2001)","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"9073_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desmarais, M.C., Liu, J.: Exploring the applications of user-expertise assessment for intelligent interfaces. In: Proceedings of the INTERACT \u201893 and CHI \u201893 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, (pp.\u00a0308\u2013313). Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1993)","DOI":"10.1145\/169059.169243"},{"key":"9073_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o, L.M.: Multi-level user support through adaptive hypermedia: a highly application-independent help component. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp.\u00a0187\u2013194. Orlando, Florida, United States (1997)","DOI":"10.1145\/238218.238322"},{"key":"9073_CR20","unstructured":"Eurostat: http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu (2005)"},{"issue":"6","key":"9073_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2005.04.004","volume":"17","author":"L. Faulkner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faulkner L., Wick D.: Cross-user analysis: benefits of skill level comparison in usability testing. Interact. Comput. 17(6), 773\u2013786 (2005)","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"9073_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011145532042","volume":"11","author":"G. Fischer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fischer G.: User modeling in human\u2013computer interaction. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 11(1-2), 65\u201386 (2001)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"issue":"6","key":"9073_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055392","volume":"47","author":"P.M. Fitts","year":"1954","unstructured":"Fitts P.M.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. 47(6), 381\u2013391 (1954) (Reprinted in J. Exp. Psychol.: General, 121(3):262\u2013269, 1992)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"9073_CR24","volume-title":"Categories of Human Learning","author":"P.M. Fitts","year":"1964","unstructured":"Fitts P.M.: Perceptual-motor skill learning. In: Melton, A.W. (eds) Categories of Human Learning, Academic Press, New York and London (1964)"},{"key":"9073_CR25","volume-title":"Human Performance","author":"P.M. Fitts","year":"1968","unstructured":"Fitts P.M., Posner M.I.: Human Performance. Brooks\/Cole Publishing Company, Belmont (1968)"},{"issue":"3","key":"9073_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-007-9028-7","volume":"17","author":"E. Frias-Martinez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frias-Martinez E., Chen S.Y., Macredie R.D., Liu X.: The role of human factors in stereotyping behavior and perception of digital library users: a robust clustering approach. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 17(3), 305\u2013337 (2007)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"key":"9073_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghazarian, A.: A case study of defect introduction mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Systems (CAiSE\u201909), pp.\u00a0156\u2013170. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02144-2_16"},{"issue":"2","key":"9073_CR28","first-page":"91","volume":"18","author":"W. Hacker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hacker W.: Action theory and occupational psychology. Review of German empirical research since 1987. Ger. J. Psychol. 18(2), 91\u2013120 (1994)","journal-title":"Ger. J. Psychol."},{"key":"9073_CR29","volume-title":"User and task analysis for interface design","author":"J.T. Hackos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hackos J.T., Redish J.C.: User and task analysis for interface design. Wiley, New York (1998)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9073_CR30","first-page":"67","volume":"40","author":"L. Hassel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hassel L., Hagen E.: Adaptation of an automotive dialogue system to users\u2019 expertise and evaluation of the system. Computers and the Humanities 40(1), 67\u201385 (2006)","journal-title":"Computers and the Humanities"},{"key":"9073_CR31","unstructured":"Hilbert, D.M., Robinns, J.E., Redmiles, D.F.: Supporting ongoing user involvement in development via expectation-driven event monitoring. In: Tech. Rep. UCI-ICS-97-19, Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine (1997)"},{"issue":"4","key":"9073_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1145\/371578.371593","volume":"32","author":"D.M. Hilbert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hilbert D.M., Redmiles D.F.: Extracting usability information from user interface events. ACM Comput. Surv. 32(4), 384\u2013421 (2000)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"9073_CR33","unstructured":"Horvitz, E., Breese, J., Heckerman, D., Hovel, D., Romelse, K.: The Lumi\u00e8re project: Bayesian user modeling for inferring the goals and needs of software users. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp.\u00a0256\u2013265. Madison, WI (1998)"},{"key":"9073_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurst, A., Hudson, S.E., Mankoff, J.: Dynamic detection of novice versus skilled use without a task model. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.\u00a0271\u2013280. San Jose, California, USA (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240669"},{"key":"9073_CR35","unstructured":"Jameson, A.: Generalizing the double-stereotype approach: a psychological perspective. In: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on User Modeling, pp.\u00a069\u201383. Wadern, Germany (1992)"},{"issue":"4","key":"9073_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1145\/235833.236050","volume":"3","author":"B.E. John","year":"1996","unstructured":"John B.E., Kieras D.E.: Using GOMS for user interface design and evaluation: which technique?. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 3(4), 287\u2013319 (1996)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact."},{"key":"9073_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jokinen, K., Kanto, K.: User expertise modelling and adaptivity in a speech-based e-mail system. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association For Computational Linguistics, vol.\u00a087. Barcelona, Spain (2004)","DOI":"10.3115\/1218955.1218967"},{"key":"9073_CR38","unstructured":"Kobsa, A.: User modeling: recent work, prospects and hazards. In: SchneiderHufschmidt, M., K\u00fchme, T., Malinowski, U. (eds.) Adaptive User Interfaces: Principles and Practice, pp. 111\u2013128. Amsterdam North-Holland (1993)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9073_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011187500863","volume":"11","author":"A. Kobsa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kobsa A.: Generic user modeling systems. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 11(1\u20132), 49\u201363 (2001)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"key":"9073_CR40","unstructured":"Kurosu, M., Urokohara, H., Sato, D., Nishimura, T., Yamada, F.: A new quantitative measure for usability testing: NEM (novice expert ratio method). Poster session presented at the annual conference of the usability professionals\u2019 association on humanizing design, Orlando, Florida (2002)"},{"issue":"11","key":"9073_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219768","volume":"38","author":"P. Langley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Langley P., Simon H.A.: Applications of machine learning and rule induction. Commun. ACM 38(11), 54\u201364 (1995)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"9073_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065797000185","volume":"8","author":"S.C. Leung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leung S.C., Fulcher J.: Classification of user expertise level by neural networks. Intl. J. Neural Syst. 8(2), 155\u2013171 (1997)","journal-title":"Intl. J. Neural Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"9073_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3109\/10929080600989189","volume":"11","author":"H.C. Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin H.C., Shafran I., Yuh D., Hager G.D.: Towards automatic skill evaluation: detection and segmentation of robot-assisted surgical motions. Comput. Aided Surg. 11(5), 220\u2013230 (2006)","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Surg."},{"key":"9073_CR44","volume-title":"Machine Learning","author":"T.M. Mitchel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mitchel T.M.: Machine Learning. McGrawHill, New York (1997)"},{"key":"9073_CR45","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition","author":"D.M. Neves","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neves D.M., Anderson J.R.: Knowledge compilation: mechanisms for the automatization of cognitive skills. In: Anderson, J.R. (eds) Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition, pp. 57\u201384. Wiley, Hillsdale (1981)"},{"key":"9073_CR46","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition","author":"A. Newell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Newell A., Rosenbloom P.: Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In: Anderson, J.R. (eds) Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition, pp. 2\u201355. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale (1981)"},{"key":"9073_CR47","volume-title":"Usability Engineering","author":"J. Nielsen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nielsen J.: Usability Engineering. Academic Press, Boston (1993)"},{"key":"9073_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.3.231","volume":"84","author":"R.E. Nisbett","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nisbett R.E., Wilson T.D.: Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes. Psychol. Rev. 84, 231\u2013259 (1977)","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"9073_CR49","volume-title":"Design of Everyday Things","author":"D. Norman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Norman D.: Design of Everyday Things. Doubleday, New York (1988)"},{"key":"9073_CR50","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year 2000","author":"J.R. Olson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Olson J.R., Olson G.M.: The growth of cognitive modeling in human-computer interaction since GOMS. In: Baecker, R.M., Grudin, J., Buxton, W.A., Greenberg, S. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year 2000, pp. 603\u2013625. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (1995)"},{"key":"9073_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130121560","volume":"44","author":"J.G. Phillips","year":"2001","unstructured":"Phillips J.G., Triggs T.J.: Characteristics of cursor trajectories controlled by the computer mouse. Ergonomics 44, 527\u2013536 (2001)","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"9073_CR52","unstructured":"Popovic, V.: Novice and Expert User Models, PhD dissertation, University of Sydney (1998)"},{"key":"9073_CR53","unstructured":"Provost, F.J., Fawcett, T., Kohavi, R.: The Case against accuracy estimation for comparing induction algorithms. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning, pp.\u00a0445\u2013453. Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1998)"},{"key":"9073_CR54","volume-title":"C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning","author":"J.R. Quinlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quinlan J.R.: C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos (1993)"},{"issue":"3","key":"9073_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313160","volume":"13","author":"J. Rasmussen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rasmussen J.: Skills, rules and knowledge; signals, signs and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 13(3), 257\u2013266 (1983)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"9073_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1981.0312","volume":"51","author":"E. Rich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rich E.: Users are individuals: individualizing user models. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 51(2), 323\u2013338 (1999)","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"issue":"9","key":"9073_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640000230","volume":"14","author":"C. Richards","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richards C., Rosen J., Hannaford B., Pellegrini C., Sinanan M.: Skills evaluation in minimally invasive surgery using force\/torque signatures. Surg. Endosc. 14(9), 791\u2013798 (2000)","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"9073_CR58","volume-title":"Integrating the Mind","author":"M. Roberts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roberts M.: Integrating the Mind. Routledge, London (2007)"},{"issue":"5","key":"9073_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1109\/10.918597","volume":"48","author":"J. Rosen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rosen J., Hannaford B., Richards C.G., Sinanan M.N.: Markov modeling of minimally invasive surgery based on tool\/tissue interaction and force\/torque signatures for evaluating surgical skills. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 48(5), 579\u2013591 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9073_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0903&4_2","volume":"9","author":"P.M. Sanderson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sanderson P.M., Fisher C.: Exploratory sequential data analysis: foundations. Hum. Comput. Interact. Special Issue ESDA 9(3\u20134), 251\u2013317 (1994)","journal-title":"Hum. Comput. Interact. Special Issue ESDA"},{"key":"9073_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1145\/192309.192327","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces","author":"P.J. Santos","year":"1994","unstructured":"Santos P.J., Badre A.N.: Automatic chunk detection in human-computer interaction. In: Costabile, M.F., Catarci, T., Levialdi, S., Santucci, G. (eds) Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pp. 69\u201377. Bari, Italy (1994)"},{"key":"9073_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90024-8","volume":"5","author":"H.A. Simon","year":"1973","unstructured":"Simon H.A., Gilmartin K.: A simulation of memory for chess positions. Cogn. Psychol. 5, 29\u201346 (1973)","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"9073_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukaviriya, P.N., Foley, J.D.: Supporting adaptive interfaces in a knowledge-based user interface environment. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp.\u00a0107\u2013113. Orlando, Florida, United States (1993)","DOI":"10.1145\/169891.169922"},{"issue":"4","key":"9073_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2001.1463065","volume":"16","author":"R. Sun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sun R., Giles C.L.: Sequence learning: from recognition and prediction to sequential decision making\u201d. IEEE Intell. Syst. 16(4), 67\u201370 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"9073_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1006\/imms.1993.1033","volume":"38","author":"J.E. Trumbly","year":"1993","unstructured":"Trumbly J.E., Arnett K.P., Martin M.P.: Performance effect of matching computer interface characteristics and user skill level. Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 38(4), 713\u2013724 (1993)","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud."},{"key":"9073_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uehling, D.L., Wolf, K.: User action graphing effort (UsAGE). In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.\u00a0290\u2013291. Denver, Colorado, United States (1995)","DOI":"10.1145\/223355.223679"},{"issue":"1","key":"9073_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci0501_3","volume":"5","author":"K.P. Vaubel","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vaubel K.P., Gettys C.F.: Inferring user expertise for adaptive interfaces. Hum. Comput. Interact. 5(1), 95\u2013117 (1990)","journal-title":"Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9073_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011117102175","volume":"11","author":"G.I. Webb","year":"2001","unstructured":"Webb G.I., Pazzani M.J., Billsus D.: Machine learning for user modeling. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 11(1\u20132), 19\u201329 (2001)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."},{"key":"9073_CR69","volume-title":"Data Minning: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques","author":"I.H. Witten","year":"2005","unstructured":"Witten I.H., Frank E.: Data Minning: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, 2nd Edn. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2005)","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9073_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011175525451","volume":"11","author":"I. Zukerman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zukerman I., Albrecht D.W.: Predictive statistical models for user modeling. User Model. User-adapt. Interact. 11(1\u20132), 5\u201318 (2001)","journal-title":"User Model. User-adapt. Interact."}],"container-title":["User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11257-010-9073-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11257-010-9073-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11257-010-9073-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T12:02:24Z","timestamp":1559390544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11257-010-9073-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,16]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11257-010-9073-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-1868","1573-1391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-1868","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,16]]}}}