{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:39:54Z","timestamp":1784687994756,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Vision"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-8323-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]],"date-time":"2006-06-06T13:11:07Z","timestamp":1149599467000},"page":"305-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["3D Reconstruction by Shadow Carving: Theory and Practical Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Silvio","family":"Savarese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Andreetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Rushmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Perona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"8323_CR1","unstructured":"Horn, B.K.P. and Brooks, M.J. 1989. Shape from Shading. MIT Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"8323_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00522","volume":"20","author":"C. Rocchini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rocchini, C., Cignoni, P., Montani, C., Pingi, P., and Scopigno, R. 2001. A low cost optical 3D scanner. Compute Graphics Forum 20(3):299\u2013309.","journal-title":"Compute Graphics Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"8323_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008124523456","volume":"35","author":"J.-Y. Bouguet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bouguet, J.-Y. and Perona, P. 1999. 3D photography using shadow in dual space geometry. International Journal of Computer Vision, 35(2):129\u2013149.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"3","key":"8323_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.821351","volume":"13","author":"M. Andreetto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andreetto, M., Brusco, N., and Cortelazzo, G.M. 2004. Automatic 3D modeling of textured cultural heritage objects. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 13(3):354\u2013369.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"8323_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(83)90099-3","volume":"22","author":"S. Shafer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Shafer, S.A. and Kanade, T. 1983. Using shadows in finding surface orientations. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 22:145\u2013176.","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"8323_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767954","volume":"9","author":"L.N. Hambrick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hambrick, L.N., Loew, M.H., and Carroll, R.L. 1987. The entry-exit method of shadow boundary segmentation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 9(5):597\u2013607.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"8","key":"8323_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.18.001804","volume":"18","author":"D. Kriegman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kriegman, D. and Belhumeur, P. 2001. What shadows reveal about object structure. Journal of the Optical Society of America\u2013A, 18(8):1804\u20131813.","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America\u2013A"},{"key":"8323_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatzitheodour, M. and Kender, M. 1988. An optimal algorithm for the derivation of shape from shadows. In Proc. of Computer Society Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 486\u2013491.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1988.196279"},{"issue":"5","key":"8323_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1109\/70.88087","volume":"5","author":"D. Raviv","year":"1989","unstructured":"Raviv, D., Pao, Y.-H., and Loparo, K.A. 1989. Reconstruction of three-dimensional surfaces from two-dimensional binary images. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 5(5):701\u2013710.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation"},{"key":"8323_CR10","unstructured":"Langer, M.S., Dudek, G., and Zucker, S.W. 1995. Space occupancy using multiple shadow images. In Proc. of the International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Systems, Pittsburg, PA, pp. 390\u2013396."},{"key":"8323_CR11","unstructured":"Daum, M. and Dudek, G. 1998. On 3D surface reconstruction using shape from shadows. In Proc. of Computer Society Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 461\u2013468."},{"key":"8323_CR12","unstructured":"Yang, D.K.-M. 1996. Shape from Darkness Under Error, Ph.D. thesis, Columbia University."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8323_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-005-4634-5","volume":"62","author":"Y. Yu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu, Y. and Chang, J. 2005. Shadow graphs and 3D texture reconstruction. International Journal of Computer Vision, 62(1\u20132):35\u201360.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"8323_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutulakos, K.N. and Seitz, S.M. 1999. A theory of shape by space carving. In Proc. of the Interational Conference on Computer Vision, Kerkyra, Greece, pp. 307\u2013313.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.791235"},{"key":"8323_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarese, S., Rushmeier, H., Bernardini, F., and Perona, P. 2002. Implementation of a shadow carving system for shape capture. In Proc. of 3D Data Processing Visualization and Trasmission, pp. 12\u201323.","DOI":"10.1109\/TDPVT.2002.1024034"},{"key":"8323_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarese, S., Rushmeier, H., Bernardini, F., and Perona, P. 2001. Shadow carving. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, pp. 190\u2013197.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2001.937517"},{"issue":"2","key":"8323_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1983.4767367","volume":"5","author":"W.N. Martin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Martin, W.N. and Aggarwal, J.K. 1983. Volumetric descriptions of objects from multiple views. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 5(2):150\u2013158.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"8323_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1993.1030","volume":"58","author":"R. Szeliski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Szeliski, R. 1993. Rapid octree construction from image sequences. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 58(1):23\u201332.","journal-title":"Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing"},{"key":"8323_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37422","volume":"21","author":"W. Lorensen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lorensen, W. and Cline, H. 1987. Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. Computer Graphics, 21:163\u2013169.","journal-title":"Computer Graphics"},{"key":"8323_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(98)00114-0","volume":"17","author":"M.K. Reed","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reed, M.K. and Allen, P.K. 1999. 3D modeling from range imagery: An incremental method with a planning component. Image and Vision Computing, 17:99\u2013111.","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"issue":"2","key":"8323_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1109\/34.368170","volume":"17","author":"A. Laurentini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Laurentini, A. 1995. How far 3D shapes can be understood from 2D silhouettes. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 17(2):188\u2013195.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"8323_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1068\/p130321","volume":"13","author":"J. Koenderink","year":"1984","unstructured":"Koenderink, J. 1984. What does the occluding contour tell us about solid shape? Perception, 13:321\u2013330.","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"8323_CR23","unstructured":"Giblin, P. and Weiss, R. 1986. Reconstruction of surfaces from profiles. In Proceedings of the International Conference Computer Vision, pp. 136\u2013144."},{"issue":"2","key":"8323_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121787","volume":"14","author":"R. Vaillant","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vaillant, R. and Faugeras, O. 1992. Using extremal boundaries for 3D object modeling. IEEE Transaction of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 14(2):157\u2013173.","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"8323_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00129682","volume":"9","author":"R. Cipolla","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cipolla, R. and Blake, A. 1992. Surface shape from the deformation of apparent contours. International Journal of Computer Vision, 9(2):99\u2013111.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"2","key":"8323_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1109\/34.273734","volume":"16","author":"J.Y. Zheng","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zheng, J.Y. 1994. Acquiring 3D models from sequences of contours. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 16(2):163\u2013178.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"8323_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazebnik, S., Boyer, E., and Ponce, J. 2001. On computing exact visual hulls of solids bounded by smooth surfaces. In Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 156\u2013161.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990469"},{"key":"8323_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzgibbon, A., Cross, G., and Zisserman, A. 1998. Automatic 3D model construction for turn-table sequences. In Proceedings of SMILE Workshop on Structure from Multiple Images in Large Scale Environments Vol. 1506, pp. 154\u2013170.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49437-5_11"},{"issue":"3","key":"8323_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007978616082","volume":"22","author":"E. Boyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Boyer, E. and Berger, M. 1997. 3D surface reconstruction using occluding contours. International Journal of Computer Vision 22(3):219\u2013233.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"10","key":"8323_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1109\/34.722621","volume":"20","author":"S. Sullivan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sullivan, S. and Ponce, J. 1998. Automatic model construction and pose estimation from photographs using triangular splines. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 20(10):1091\u20131097.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"8323_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/38.888008","volume":"20","author":"B. Leibe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leibe, B., Starner, T., Ribarsky, W., Wartell, Z., Krum, D.M., Weeks, J., Singletary, B., and Hodges, L.F. 2000. Toward spontaneous interaction with the perceptive workbench. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 20(6):54\u201365.","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications"},{"key":"8323_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kampel, M., Tosovic, S., and Sablatnig, R. 2002. Octree-based fusion of shape from silhouette and shape from structured light. Intl. Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, pp. 754\u2013757.","DOI":"10.1109\/TDPVT.2002.1024154"},{"key":"8323_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seitz, S.M. and Dyer, C.R. 1997. Photorealistic scene reconstruction by voxel coloring. In Proc. of Computer Society Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1067\u20131073.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1997.609462"},{"key":"8323_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broadhurst, A. and Cipolla, R. 2001. A probabilistic framework for space carving. In Proc. of the International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 388\u2013393.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2001.937544"},{"key":"8323_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhotika, R., Fleet, D., and Kutulakos, K. 2002. A probabilistic theory of occupancy and emptiness. In Proc. of the European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 112\u2013132.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47977-5_8"},{"issue":"1","key":"8323_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008192912624","volume":"32","author":"R. Szeliski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Szeliski, R. and Golland, P. 1999. Stereo matching with transparency and matting. Int. Journal of Computer Vision, 32(1):45\u201361.","journal-title":"Int. Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"8323_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Bonet, J. and Viola, P. 1999. Roxels: Responsibility weighted 3D volume reconstruction. In Proc. of the International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 418\u2013425.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.791251"},{"key":"8323_CR38","unstructured":"Eisert, P., Steinbach, E., and Girod, B. 1999. Multi-hypothesis, volumetric reconstruction of 3D objects from multiple calibrated camera views. In Proc. of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, pp. 3509\u20133512."},{"issue":"3","key":"8323_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013093.45070.3b","volume":"57","author":"G. Slabaugh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Slabaugh, G., Culbertson, W., Malzbender, T., Stevens, M., and Schafer, R. 2004. Methods for volumetric reconstruction of visual scenes. International Journal of Computer Vision, 57(3):179\u2013199.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"8323_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treuille, A., Hertzmann, A., and Seitz, S. 2004. Example-based stereo with general BRDFs. In Proc. of the European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 457\u2013469.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24671-8_36"},{"key":"8323_CR41","unstructured":"Farouk, M., El-Rifai, I., El-Tayar, S., El-Shishiny, H., Hosny, M., El-Rayes, M., Gomes, J., Giordano, F., Rushmeier, H., Bernardini, F., and Magerlein, K. 2003. Scanning and processing 3D objects for web display. In Proc. of the International Conference on 3DIM, pp. 310\u2013317."},{"issue":"4","key":"8323_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1109\/JRA.1987.1087109","volume":"3","author":"R.Y. Tsai","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tsai, R.Y. 1987. A versatile camera calibration technique for high accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 3(4):323\u2013344.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation"},{"key":"8323_CR43","unstructured":"Kenneth Wong, K.-Y. 2001. Structure and Motion from Silhouettes, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge."},{"key":"8323_CR44","unstructured":"Taubin, G. 1995. A signal processing approach to fair surface design. SIGGRAPH, 351\u2013358."},{"key":"8323_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taubin, G., Zhang, T., and Golub, G. 1996. Optimal surface smoothing as filter design. Tech. Rep. RC-20404, IBM Research.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0015544"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11263-006-8323-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11263-006-8323-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11263-006-8323-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T12:16:35Z","timestamp":1559391395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11263-006-8323-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["8323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11263-006-8323-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-5691","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}}}