{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T04:27:56Z","timestamp":1782016076297,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0273-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T15:40:11Z","timestamp":1249400411000},"page":"4-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":941,"title":["HumanEva: Synchronized Video and Motion Capture Dataset and Baseline Algorithm for Evaluation of Articulated Human\u00a0Motion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Leonid","family":"Sigal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru O.","family":"Balan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, A., & Triggs, B. (2004a). Learning to track 3D human motion from silhouettes. In International conference on machine learning (ICML) (pp. 9\u201316).","DOI":"10.1145\/1015330.1015343"},{"key":"273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, A., & Triggs, B. (2004b). 3D human pose from silhouettes by relevance vector regression. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 2 (pp. 882\u2013888).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315258"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1109\/78.978374","volume":"50","author":"S. Arulampalam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arulampalam, S., Maskell, S., Gordon, N., & Clapp, T. (2002). A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear\/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 50(2), 174\u2013188.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"273_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, S., Scharstien, D., Lewis, J. P., Roth, S., Black, M. J., & Szeliski, R. (2007). A database and evaluation methodology for optical flow. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408903"},{"key":"273_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balan, A., Sigal, L., Black, M. J., Davis, J., & Haussecker, H. (2007). Detailed human shape and pose from images. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383340"},{"key":"273_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balan, A., & Black, M. J. (2006). An adaptive appearance model approach for model-based articulated object tracking. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol.\u00a01 (pp. 758\u2013765).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.52"},{"key":"273_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balan, A., Sigal, L., & Black, M. (2005). A quantitative evaluation of video-based 3D person tracking. In IEEE workshop on visual surveillance and performance evaluation of tracking and surveillance (VS-PETS) (pp. 349\u2013356).","DOI":"10.1109\/VSPETS.2005.1570935"},{"key":"273_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bissacco, A., Yang, M.-H., & Soatto, S. (2007). Fast human pose estimation using appearance and motion via multi-dimensional boosting, regression. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383129"},{"key":"273_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bo, L., Sminchisescu, C., Kanaujia, A., & Metaxas, D. (2008). Fast algorithms for large scale conditional 3D prediction. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp.\u00a01\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587578"},{"key":"273_CR10","unstructured":"Bouguet, J.-Y. Camera calibration toolbox for Matlab. http:\/\/www.vision.caltech.edu\/bouguetj\/calib_doc\/ , accessed on 7\/24\/2009."},{"key":"273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bregler, C., & Malik, J. (1998). Tracking people with twists and exponential maps. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 8\u201315).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1998.698581"},{"key":"273_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brubaker, M., Fleet, D. J., & Hertzmann, A. (2007). Physics-based person tracking using simplified lower-body dynamics. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp.\u00a01\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383342"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.02.008","volume":"39","author":"V. Camomilla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Camomilla, V., Cereatti, A., Vannozzi, G., & Cappozzo, A. (2006). An optimized protocol for hip joint centre determination using the functional method. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(6), 1096\u20131106.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"273_CR14","unstructured":"CMU Motion Capture Database, http:\/\/mocap.cs.cmu.edu\/ , accessed on 7\/24\/2009."},{"key":"273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corazza, S., M\u00fcndermann, L., & Andriacchi, T. (2007). A framework for the functional identification of joint centers using markerless motion capture, validation for the hip joint. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(15), 3510\u20133515.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.05.029"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000043757.18370.9c","volume":"61","author":"J. Deutscher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deutscher, J., & Reid, I. (2005). Articulated body motion capture by stochastic search. International Journal of Computer Vision, 61(2), 185\u2013205.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008935410038","volume":"10","author":"A. Doucet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doucet, A., Godsil, S. J., & Andrieu, C. (2000). On sequential Monte Carlo sampling methods for Bayesian filtering. Statistics and Computing, 10(3), 197\u2013208.","journal-title":"Statistics and Computing"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2006.07.007","volume":"104","author":"M. Dimitrijevic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic, M., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2006). Human body pose detection using bayesian spatio-temporal, templates. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 104(2), 127\u2013139.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"273_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fathi, A., & Mori, G. (2007). Human pose estimation using motion, exemplars. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409073"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000042934.15159.49","volume":"61","author":"P. Felzenszwalb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Felzenszwalb, P., & Huttenlocher, D. (2005). Pictorial structures for object recognition. International Journal of Computer Vision, 61(1), 55\u201379.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"273_CR21","series-title":"LNCS","first-page":"59","volume-title":"International symposium on visual computing (ISVC)","author":"J. Gall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gall, J., Rosenhahn, B., Brox, T., Kersting, U., & Seidel, H.-P. (2006). Learning for multi-view 3D tracking in the context of particle filters. In LNCS : Vol. 4292. International symposium on visual computing (ISVC) (pp. 59\u201369). Berlin: Springer."},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1998.0716","volume":"73","author":"D. Gavrila","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gavrila, D. (1999). The visual analysis of human movement: a survey. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 73(1), 82\u201398.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"273_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavrila, D., & Davis, L. (1996). 3-D model-based tracking of humans in action: a multi-view approach. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 73\u201380).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1996.517056"},{"key":"273_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grauman, K., Shakhnarovich, G., & Darrell, T. (2003). Inferring 3D structure with a statistical image-based shape model. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 641\u2013648).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238408"},{"key":"273_CR25","unstructured":"Gross, R., & Shi, J. (2001). The CMU motion of body (MoBo) database. Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-01-18. Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University."},{"key":"273_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(83)90003-3","volume":"1","author":"D. C. Hogg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hogg, D. C. (1983). Model-based vision: a program to see a walking person. Image and Vision Computing, 1, 5\u201320.","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"key":"273_CR27","unstructured":"Hough, P. V. C. (1962). Method and means for recognizing complex patterns. U.S. Patent 3,069,654."},{"key":"273_CR28","unstructured":"Hua, G., Yang, M.-H., & Wu, Y. (2005). Learning to estimate human pose with data driven belief propagation. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol.\u00a02 (pp. 747\u2013754)."},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008078328650","volume":"29","author":"M. Isard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Isard, M., & Blake, A. (1998). Condensation\u2013conditional density propagation for visual tracking. International Journal of Computer Vision, 29(1), 5\u201328.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"issue":"10","key":"273_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1233903","volume":"25","author":"A. Jepson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jepson, A., Fleet, D., & El-Maraghi, T. (2003). Robust online appearance models for visual tracking. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 25(10), 1296\u20131311.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"273_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, S., Black, M., & Yacoob, Y. (1996). Cardboard people: a parametrized model of articulated motion. In International conference on automatic face and gesture recognition (pp. 38\u201344).","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1996.557241"},{"key":"273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kakadiaris, I. A., & Metaxas, D. (1996). Model-based estimation of 3D human motion with occlusion based on active multi-viewpoint selection. In\u00a0IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 81\u201387).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1996.517057"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-007-0116-2","volume":"79","author":"D. Knossow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knossow, D., Ronfard, R., & Horaud, R. (2008). Human motion tracking with a kinematic parameterization of extremal contours. International Journal of Computer Vision, 79(3), 247\u2013269.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"273_CR34","unstructured":"Lan, X., & Huttenlocher, D. (2005). Beyond trees: common factor models for 2D human pose recovery. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), vol. 1 (pp. 470\u2013477)."},{"key":"273_CR35","unstructured":"Lan, X., & Huttenlocher, D. (2004). A unified spatio-temporal articulated model for tracking. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 1 (pp. 722\u2013729)."},{"key":"273_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C.-S., & Elgammal, A. (2007). Modeling view and posture manifold for tracking. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409030"},{"key":"273_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M., & Nevatia, R. (2006). Human pose tracking using multi-level structured models. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV), vol. 3 (pp. 368\u2013381).","DOI":"10.1007\/11744078_29"},{"key":"273_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, R., Tian, T.-P., & Sclaroff, S. (2007). Simultaneous learning of nonlinear manifold and dynamical models for high-dimensional time series. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409044"},{"key":"273_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, R., Yang, M.-H., Sclaroff, S., & Tian, T.-P. (2006). Monocular tracking of 3D human motion with a coordinated mixture of factor analyzers. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV).","DOI":"10.1007\/11744047_11"},{"key":"273_CR40","unstructured":"Lu, Z., Perpinan, M. C., & Sminchisescu, C. (2007). People tracking with the laplacian eigenmaps latent variable model. In Advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS), vol. 2 (pp. 137\u2013150)."},{"key":"273_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacCormick, J., & Isard, M. (2000). Partitioned sampling, articulated objects, and interface-quality hand tracking. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV), vol. 2 (pp. 3\u201319).","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008122218374"},{"key":"273_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.2000.0897","volume":"18","author":"T. Moeslund","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moeslund, T., & Granum, E. (2001). A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 18, 231\u2013268.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"273_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori, G. (2005). Guiding model search using segmentation. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1417\u20131423).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.112"},{"key":"273_CR44","unstructured":"Mori, G., Ren, X., Efros, A., & Malik, J. (2004). Recovering human body configurations: combining segmentation and recognition. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol.\u00a02 (pp. 326\u2013333)."},{"key":"273_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muendermann, L., Corazza, S., & Andriacchi, T. (2007). Accurately measuring human movement using articulated ICP with soft-joint constraints and a repository of articulated models. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp.\u00a01\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383302"},{"key":"273_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navaratnam, R., Fitzgibbon, A., & Cipolla, R. (2007). The joint manifold model for semi-supervised multi-valued regression. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408976"},{"key":"273_CR47","unstructured":"Ning, H., Xu, W., Gong, Y., & Huang, T. (2008). Discriminative learning of visual words for 3D human pose estimation. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp.\u00a01\u20138)."},{"key":"273_CR48","unstructured":"Ormoneit, D., Sidenbladh, H., Black, M. J., & Hastie, T. (2001). Learning and tracking cyclic human motion. In Advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS), vol. 13 (pp. 894\u2013900)."},{"key":"273_CR49","unstructured":"Ormoneit, D., Sidenbladh, H., Black, M. J., & Hastie, T. (2000). Stochastic modeling and tracking of human motion, Learning 2000, Snowbird, UT."},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1980.6447699","volume":"2","author":"J. O\u2019Rourke","year":"1980","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke, J., & Badler, N. I. (1980). Model-based image analysis of human motion using constraint propagation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2(6), 522\u2013192.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"273_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavolvic, V., Rehg, J., Cham, T.-J., & Murphy, K. (1999). A dynamic Bayesian network approach to figure tracking using learned dynamic models. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 94\u2013101).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.791203"},{"key":"273_CR52","unstructured":"Phillips, P. J., Blackburn, D., Bone, M., Grother, P., Micheals, R., & Tabassi, E. (2002). Face recognition vendor test. http:\/\/www.frvt.org\/ ."},{"issue":"10","key":"273_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879790","volume":"22","author":"P. J. Phillips","year":"2000","unstructured":"Phillips, P. J., Moon, H., Rizvi, S. A., & Rauss, P. J. (2000). The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(10), 1090\u20131104.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"273_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poon, E., & Fleet, D. (2002). Hybrid Monte Carlo filtering: edge-based people tracking. It IEEE workshop on motion and video computing (pp. 151\u2013158).","DOI":"10.1109\/MOTION.2002.1182228"},{"key":"273_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramanan, D., Forsyth, D., & Zisserman, A. (2005). Strike a pose: tracking people by finding stylized poses (CVPR). In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol.\u00a01 (pp. 271\u2013278).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.335"},{"key":"273_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramanan, D., & Forsyth, D. (2003). Finding and tracking people from the bottom up. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 2 (pp. 467\u2013474).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2003.1211504"},{"key":"273_CR57","unstructured":"Ren, X., Berg, A., & Malik, J. (2005). Recovering human body configurations using pairwise constraints between parts. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), vol. 1 (pp.\u00a0824\u2013831)."},{"key":"273_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, T., McKenna, S., & Ricketts, I. (2004). Human pose estimation using learnt probabilistic region similarities and partial configurations. In European conference on computer vision (ICCV), vol. 4 (pp. 291\u2013303).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24673-2_24"},{"key":"273_CR59","unstructured":"Rogez, G., Rihan, J., Ramalingam, S., Oritte, C., & Torr, P. H. S. (2008). Randomized trees for human pose estimation. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1\u20138)."},{"key":"273_CR60","unstructured":"Ronfard, R., Schmid, C., & Triggs, B. (2002). Larning to parse pictures of people. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV), vol. 4 (pp. 700\u2013714)."},{"key":"273_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosales, R., & Sclaroff, S. (2000). Inferring body pose without tracking body parts. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 2 (pp. 721\u2013727).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2000.854946"},{"key":"273_CR62","first-page":"45","volume":"1","author":"B. Rosenhahn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosenhahn, B., Brox, T., Kersting, U., Smith, D., Gurney, J., & Klette, R. (2006). A system for marker-less human motion estimation. Kuenstliche Intelligenz, 1, 45\u201351.","journal-title":"Kuenstliche Intelligenz"},{"key":"273_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth, S., Sigal, L., & Black, M. J. (2004). Gibbs likelihoods for Bayesian tracking. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 1 (pp. 886\u2013893).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315125"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.39","volume":"27","author":"S. Sarkar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Phillips, P. J., Liu, Z., Robledo, I., Grother, P., & Bowyer, K. W. (2005). The human ID gait challenge problem: data sets, performance, and analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(2), 162\u2013177.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1\/2\/3","key":"273_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014573219977","volume":"47","author":"D. Scharstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scharstein, D., & Szeliski, R. (2002). A taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms. International Journal of Computer Vision, 47(1\/2\/3), 7\u201342.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"273_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakhnarovich, G., Viola, P., & Darrell, T. (2003). Fast pose estimation with parameter-sensitive hashing. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), vol. 2 (pp. 750\u2013759).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238424"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"273_CR67","first-page":"183","volume":"54","author":"H. Sidenbladh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sidenbladh, H., & Black, M. J. (2003). Learning the statistics of people in images and video. International Journal of Computer Vision, 54(1\u20133), 183\u2013209.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"273_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidenbladh, H., Black, M. J., & Sigal, L. (2002). Implicit probabilistic models of human motion for synthesis and tracking. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV), vol. 1 (pp. 784\u2013800).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47969-4_52"},{"key":"273_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidenbladh, H., De la Torre, F., & Black, M. J. (2000). A framework for modeling the appearance of 3D articulated figures. In International conference on automatic face and gesture recognition (FG) (pp. 368\u2013375).","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840661"},{"key":"273_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidenbladh, H., Black, M., & Fleet, D. (2000). Stochastic tracking of 3D human figures using 2D image motion. In European conference on computer vision (ECCV), vol.\u00a02 (pp. 702\u2013718).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45053-X_45"},{"key":"273_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sigal, L., Bhatia, S., Roth, S., Black, M., & Isard, M. (2004). Tracking loose-limbed people. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 1 (pp. 421\u2013428).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315063"},{"key":"273_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sigal, L., & Black, M. (2006). Measure locally, reason globally: occlusion-sensitive articulated pose estimation. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 2 (pp. 2041\u20132048).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.180"},{"key":"273_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sminchisescu, C., Kanaujia, A., Li, Z., & Metaxas, D. (2005). Discriminative density propagation for 3D human motion estimation. in IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 1 (pp. 390\u2013397).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.132"},{"key":"273_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sminchisescu, C., & Jepson, A. (2004). Generative modeling for continuous non-linearly embedded visual inference. In International conference on machine learning (ICML) (pp. 759\u2013766).","DOI":"10.1145\/1015330.1015371"},{"key":"273_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sminchisescu, C., & Triggs, B. (2003a). Kinematic jump processes for monocular 3D human tracking. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 1 (pp. 69\u201376).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2003.1211339"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364903022006003","volume":"22","author":"C. Sminchisescu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sminchisescu, C., & Triggs, B. (2003b). Estimating articulated human motion with covariance scaled sampling. International Journal of Robotics Research, 22(6), 371\u2013391.","journal-title":"International Journal of Robotics Research"},{"key":"273_CR77","unstructured":"Sminchisescu, C., & Telea, A. (2002). Human pose estimation from silhouettes a consistent approach using distance level sets. In International conference on computer graphics, visualization and computer vision (WSCG)."},{"key":"273_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sminchisescu, C. (2002). Consistency and coupling in human model likelihoods. In International conference on automatic face and gesture recognition (FG) (pp. 27\u201332).","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2002.1004125"},{"key":"273_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srinivasan, P., & Shi, J. (2007). Bottom-up recognition and parsing of the human body. In IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383301"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.2000.0878","volume":"80","author":"C. J. Taylor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taylor, C. J. (2000). Reconstruction of articulated objects from point correspondences in a single image. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 80(3), 349\u2013363.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"273_CR81","unstructured":"Urtasun, R., & Darrell, T. (2008). Local probabilistic regression for activity-independent human pose inference. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1\u20138)."},{"key":"273_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urtasun, R., Fleet, D. J., & Fua, P. (2006). 3D people tracking with gaussian process dynamical models. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 1 (pp. 238\u2013245).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.15"},{"key":"273_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urtasun, R., Fleet, D. J., Hertzmann, A., & Fua, P. (2005). Priors for people tracking from small training sets. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), vol. 1 (pp. 403\u2013410).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.193"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360696","volume":"27","author":"D. Vlasic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vlasic, D., Baran, I., Matusik, W., & Popovi\u0107, J. (2008). Articulated mesh animation from multi-view silhouettes. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 27(3), 1\u20139.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"273_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vondrak, M., Sigal, L., & Jenkins, O. C. (2008). Physical simulation for probabilistic motion tracking. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587580"},{"key":"273_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P., & Rehg, J. M. (2006). A modular approach to the analysis and evaluation of particle filters for figure tracking. In IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol.\u00a01 (pp. 790\u2013797).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.32"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1999.0758","volume":"74","author":"S. Wachter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wachter, S., & Nagel, H. H. (1999). Tracking persons in monocular image sequences. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 74(3), 174\u2013192.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"273_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., & Li, B. (2007). Learning motion correlation for tracking articulated human body with a Rao-Blackwellised particle filter. In IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV) (pp. 1\u20138).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408951"},{"key":"273_CR89","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Luo, J., Collins, R., & Liu, Y. (2006). Body localization in still images using hierarchical models and hybrid search. In IEEE international conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol. 2 (pp. 1536\u20131543)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11263-009-0273-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11263-009-0273-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11263-009-0273-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T16:41:57Z","timestamp":1739292117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11263-009-0273-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11263-009-0273-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-5691","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]}}}