{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:56:58Z","timestamp":1777568218678,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Comput Vis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-025-02628-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:25:34Z","timestamp":1768836334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi-view Surface Reconstruction Using Normal and Reflectance Cues"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5372-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Brument","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvain","family":"Qu\u00e9au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"M\u00e9lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2503-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois Bernard","family":"Lauze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Denis","family":"Durou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Calvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2628_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alldrin, N. G., Mallick, S. P., & Kriegman, D. J. (2007). Resolving the generalized bas-relief ambiguity by entropy minimization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383208"},{"key":"2628_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae, G., & Davison, A.J. (2024). Rethinking Inductive Biases for Surface Normal Estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00911"},{"key":"2628_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae, G., Budvytis, I., & Cipolla, R. (2021). Estimating and exploiting the aleatoric uncertainty in surface normal estimation. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 13137\u201313146.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01289"},{"key":"2628_CR4","unstructured":"Bae, G., Budvytis, I., & Cipolla, R. (2022). IronDepth: Iterative Refinement of Single-View Depth using Surface Normal and its Uncertainty. In: Proceedings of the 33rd British Machine Vision Conference."},{"key":"2628_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-8815-7","volume":"72","author":"R Basri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Basri, R., Jacobs, D., & Kemelmacher, I. (2007). Photometric stereo with general, unknown lighting. International Journal of Computer Vision, 72, 239\u2013257.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"2628_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bleyer, M., Rhemann, C., & Rother, C. (2011). Patchmatch stereo-stereo matching with slanted support windows. In: Proceedings of the 22nd British Machine Vision Conference, pp. 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.5244\/C.25.14"},{"key":"2628_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brument, B., Bruneau, R., Qu\u00e9au, Y., M\u00e9lou, J., Lauze, F. B., Durou, J. D., & Calvet, L., (2024) RNb-NeuS: Reflectance and Normal-based Multi-View 3D Reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00500"},{"key":"2628_CR8","unstructured":"Bruneau, R., Brument, B., Qu\u00e9au, Y., M\u00e9lou, J., Lauze, F. B., Durou, J. D., & Calvet, L. (2025). Multi-view Surface Reconstruction Using Normal and Reflectance Cues - Supplementary Material. https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1KDfCKediXNP5Os954TL_QldaUWS0nKcD\/view?usp=drive_link"},{"key":"2628_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvet, L., Maignan, N., Brument, B., M\u00e9lou, J., Tozza, S., Durou, J. D., & Qu\u00e9au, Y. (2023). Multi-view Normal Estimation \u2013 Application to Slanted Plane-Sweeping. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, pp. 704\u2013716.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-31975-4_54"},{"key":"2628_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, X., & Taketomi, T. (2024). SuperNormal: Neural Surface Reconstruction via Multi-View Normal Integration. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 20581\u201320590.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01945"},{"key":"2628_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandraker, M.K., Kahl, F., & Kriegman, D. J. (2005). Reflections on the generalized bas-relief ambiguity. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 788\u2013795.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.299"},{"key":"2628_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Han, K., & Wong, K. Y. K. (2018). PS-FCN: A flexible learning framework for photometric stereo. In: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3\u201318.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01240-3_1"},{"key":"2628_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Han, K., Shi, B., Matsushita, Y., & Wong, K. Y. K. (2019). Self-calibrating deep photometric stereo networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 8739\u20138747.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00894"},{"key":"2628_CR14","unstructured":"Chen, H., Li, H., Chen, Z., Ye, C., Li, B., Xu, S., Guo, X., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, B., & Ikehata, S. (2025). Light of Normals: Unified Feature Representation for Universal Photometric Stereo. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.18882."},{"key":"2628_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Waechter, M., Shi, B., Wong, K. Y. K., & Matsushita, Y. (2020). What is learned in deep uncalibrated photometric stereo? In: Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 745\u2013762.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58568-6_44"},{"key":"2628_CR16","unstructured":"Cignoni, P., Callieri, M., Corsini, M., Dellepiane, M., Ganovelli, F., & Ranzuglia, G. (2008). Meshlab: an open-source mesh processing tool. In: Proceedings of the Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, pp. 129\u2013136."},{"key":"2628_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, R. T. (1996). A space-sweep approach to true multi-image matching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 358\u2013363.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1996.517097"},{"key":"2628_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, P., Xu, J., Xie, W., Liu, X., Wang, H., & Xu, W. (2024). High-quality surface reconstruction using gaussian surfels. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conference Papers, pp. 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1145\/3641519.3657441"},{"key":"2628_CR19","unstructured":"Dawson-Haggerty, et al. (2019). trimesh. https:\/\/trimesh.org\/"},{"key":"2628_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, T., Vuong, K., Roumeliotis, S. I., & Park, H. S. (2020). Surface normal estimation of tilted images via spatial rectifier. In: Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 265\u2013280","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58548-8_16"},{"key":"2628_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drbohlav, O., & Chantler, M. (2005). On optimal light configurations in photometric stereo. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1707\u20131712.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.177"},{"key":"2628_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eftekhar, A., Sax, A., Malik, J., & Zamir, A. (2021). Omnidata: A Scalable Pipeline for Making Multi-Task Mid-Level Vision Datasets From 3D Scans. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 10786\u201310796","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01061"},{"key":"2628_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eigen, D., & Fergus, R. (2015). Predicting depth, surface normals and semantic labels with a common multi-scale convolutional architecture. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2650\u20132658.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.304"},{"key":"2628_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelhardt, A., Raj, A., Boss, M., Zhang, Y., Kar, A., Li, Y., Sun, D., Brualla, R. M., Barron, J. T., Lensch, H., & Jampani, V. (2024). SHINOBI: Shape and Illumination using Neural Object Decomposition via BRDF Optimization In-the-wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01857"},{"key":"2628_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Favaro, P., & Papadhimitri, T. (2012). A closed-form solution to uncalibrated photometric stereo via diffuse maxima. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 821\u2013828.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247754"},{"key":"2628_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furukawa, Y., & Ponce, J. (2007). Accurate, dense, and robust multi-view stereopsis. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383246"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2628_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/0600000052","volume":"9","author":"Y Furukawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Furukawa, Y., & Hern\u00e1ndez, C. (2015). Multi-view stereo: A tutorial. Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision, 9(1\u20132), 1\u2013148.","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision"},{"issue":"6","key":"2628_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.102","volume":"32","author":"DB Goldman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldman, D. B., Curless, B., Hertzmann, A., & Seitz, S. M. (2009). Shape and spatially-varying brdfs from photometric stereo. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(6), 1060\u20131071.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2628_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, X., Fan, Z., Zhu, S., Dai, Z., Tan, F., & Tan, P. (2020). Cascade cost volume for high-resolution multi-view stereo and stereo matching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2495\u20132504.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00257"},{"issue":"11","key":"2628_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7809","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3115229","volume":"44","author":"H Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, H., Mo, Z., Shi, B., Lu, F., Yeung, S. K., Tan, P., & Matsushita, Y. (2021). Patch-based uncalibrated photometric stereo under natural illumination. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 44(11), 7809\u20137823.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2628_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haefner, B., Ye, Z., Gao, M., Wu, T., Qu\u00e9au, Y., & Cremers, D. (2019). Variational uncalibrated photometric stereo under general lighting. In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 8539\u20138548","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00863"},{"key":"2628_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2024.104093","volume":"248","author":"C Hardy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hardy, C., Qu\u00e9au, Y., & Tschumperl\u00e9, D. (2024). Uni MS-PS: A multi-scale encoder-decoder transformer for universal photometric stereo. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 248, Article 104093.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"issue":"11","key":"2628_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.11.003079","volume":"11","author":"H Hayakawa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hayakawa, H. (1994). Photometric stereo under a light source with arbitrary motion. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 11(11), 3079\u20133089.","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America A"},{"issue":"3","key":"2628_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70820","volume":"30","author":"C Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Vogiatzis, G., & Cipolla, R. (2008). Multiview Photometric Stereo. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 30(3), 548\u2013554.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2628_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikehata, S. (2018). CNN-PS: CNN-based photometric stereo for general non-convex surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3\u201318.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_1"},{"key":"2628_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikehata, S. (2022a). Ps-transformer: Learning sparse photometric stereo network using self-attention mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 33rd British Machine Vision Conference.","DOI":"10.5244\/C.35.86"},{"key":"2628_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikehata, S. (2022b). Universal photometric stereo network using global lighting contexts. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 12591\u201312600.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01226"},{"key":"2628_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikehata, S. (2023). Scalable, Detailed and Mask-Free Universal Photometric Stereo. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 13198\u201313207.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01268"},{"key":"2628_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikehata, S., & Aizawa, K. (2014). Photometric stereo using constrained bivariate regression for general isotropic surfaces. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2179\u20132186.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.280"},{"key":"2628_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikehata, S., Wipf, D., Matsushita, Y., & Aizawa, K. (2012). Robust photometric stereo using sparse regression. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 318\u2013325.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247691"},{"key":"2628_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, R., Dahl, A., Vogiatzis, G., Tola, E., & Aan\u00e6s, H. (2014). Large scale multi-view stereopsis evaluation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 406\u2013413.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.59"},{"key":"2628_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, Y., Lam, K. M., Xie, W., Zhou, H., Dong, J., & Shi, B. (2024). Deep learning methods for calibrated photometric stereo and beyond. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3388150"},{"key":"2628_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, Y., Shi, B., Wen, B., Lam, K. M., Jiang, X., & Kot, A. C. (2025). Revisiting One-stage Deep Uncalibrated Photometric Stereo via Fourier Embedding. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2025.3557245"},{"key":"2628_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kar, O. F., Yeo, T., Atanov, A., & Zamir, A. (2022). 3D Common Corruptions and Data Augmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 18963\u201318974.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01839"},{"key":"2628_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya, B., Kumar, S., Oliveira, C., Ferrari, V., & Van Gool, L. (2021). Uncalibrated neural inverse rendering for photometric stereo of general surfaces. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3804\u20133814.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00380"},{"key":"2628_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya, B., Kumar, S., Oliveira, C., Ferrari, V., & Van Gool, L. (2022). Uncertainty-aware deep multi-view photometric stereo. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 12601\u201312611.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01227"},{"key":"2628_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaya, B., Kumar, S., Oliveira, C., Ferrari, V., & Van Gool, L. (2023). Multi-View Photometric Stereo Revisited. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 3126\u20133135","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00314"},{"key":"2628_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2968818","volume":"29","author":"B Kaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaya, B., Kumar, S., Oliveira, C., Ferrari, V., & Van Gool, L. (2020). Multi-view photometric stereo: A robust solution and benchmark dataset for spatially varying isotropic materials. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 29, 4159\u20134173.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"2628_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433","volume":"42","author":"B Kerbl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kerbl, B., Kopanas, G., Leimk\u00fchler, T., & Drettakis, G. (2023). 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 42(4), 139\u20131.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"2628_CR50","unstructured":"Lab, V.C. (2011). A portable C++ templated library for the manipulation, processing of triangle and tetrahedral meshes."},{"key":"2628_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., & Li, H. (2022). Self-calibrating photometric stereo by neural inverse rendering. In: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 166\u2013183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20086-1_10"},{"key":"2628_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., M\u00fcller, T., Evans, A., Taylor, R. H., Unberath, M., Liu, M. Y., & Lin, C. H. (2023). Neuralangelo: High-Fidelity Neural Surface Reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 8456\u20138465.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00817"},{"key":"2628_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., Shen, C., Dai, Y., Van Den Hengel, A., & He, M. (2015). Depth and surface normal estimation from monocular images using regression on deep features and hierarchical crfs. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1119\u20131127.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298715"},{"key":"2628_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, R., Gojcic, Z., Ling, H., Munkberg, J., Hasselgren, J., Lin, C. H., Gao, J., Keller, A., Vijaykumar, N., Fidler, S., & Wang, Z. (2025). DiffusionRenderer: Neural Inverse and Forward Rendering with Video Diffusion Models. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02428"},{"key":"2628_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, S., Gavves, E., & Snoek, C. G. (2019). Spherical regression: Learning viewpoints, surface normals and 3D rotations on n-spheres. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 9759\u20139767.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00999"},{"key":"2628_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logothetis, F., Budvytis, I., & Cipolla, R. (2025). NPL-MVPS: Neural Point-Light Multi-View Photometric Stereo. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 2291\u20132300.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV61041.2025.00229"},{"key":"2628_CR57","unstructured":"Logothetis, F., Budvytis, I., Liwicki, S., & Cipolla, R. (2024). LUCES-MV: A Multi-View Dataset for Near-Field Point Light Source Photometric Stereo. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.16737."},{"key":"2628_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logothetis, F., Mecca, R., & Cipolla, R. (2019). A differential volumetric approach to multi-view photometric stereo. In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1052\u20131061.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00114"},{"key":"2628_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, X., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Y., Tian, B., Lin, C., Liu, L., Zhao, H., Zhou, G., & Wang, W. (2024). Adaptive surface normal constraint for geometric estimation from monocular images. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3381710"},{"key":"2628_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, I., Pizzati, F., & de\u00a0Charette, R. (2024). Material Palette: Extraction of Materials from a Single Image. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00419"},{"issue":"1","key":"2628_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1145\/3503250","volume":"65","author":"B Mildenhall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mildenhall, B., Srinivasan, P. P., Tancik, M., Barron, J. T., Ramamoorthi, R., & Ng, R. (2021). NeRF: Representing Scenes as Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis. Communications of the ACM, 65(1), 99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"2628_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, Z., Shi, B., Lu, F., Yeung, S. K., & Matsushita, Y. (2018). Uncalibrated photometric stereo under natural illumination. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2936\u20132945.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00310"},{"key":"2628_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, T., Evans, A., Schied, C., & Keller, A. (2022). Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encoding. ACM Transactions on Graphics 41(4)","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127"},{"issue":"3","key":"2628_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073226","volume":"24","author":"D Nehab","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nehab, D., Rusinkiewicz, S., Davis, J., & Ramamoorthi, R. (2005). Efficiently combining positions and normals for precise 3D geometry. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 24(3), 536\u2013543.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"2628_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oechsle, M., Peng, S., & Geiger, A. (2021). Unisurf: Unifying neural implicit surfaces and radiance fields for multi-view reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 5589\u20135599.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00554"},{"key":"2628_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J., Sinha, S. N., Matsushita, Y., Tai, Y. W., & Kweon, I. S. (2013). Multiview photometric stereo using planar mesh parameterization. In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1161\u20131168.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.148"},{"issue":"8","key":"2628_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2608944","volume":"39","author":"J Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park, J., Sinha, S. N., Matsushita, Y., Tai, Y. W., & Kweon, I. S. (2016). Robust multiview photometric stereo using planar mesh parameterization. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 39(8), 1591\u20131604.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2628_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3728293","volume":"8","author":"A Patel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patel, A., Laga, H., & Sharma, O. (2025). Normal-guided Detail-Preserving Neural Implicit Function for High-Fidelity 3D Surface Reconstruction. Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 8(1), 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"},{"key":"2628_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, X., Liao, R., Liu, Z., Urtasun, R., & Jia, J. (2018). Geonet: Geometric neural network for joint depth and surface normal estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 283\u2013291","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00037"},{"issue":"2","key":"2628_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3020800","volume":"44","author":"X Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi, X., Liu, Z., Liao, R., Torr, P. H., Urtasun, R., & Jia, J. (2020). Geonet++: Iterative geometric neural network with edge-aware refinement for joint depth and surface normal estimation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 44(2), 969\u2013984.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2628_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9au, Y., Lauze, F., & Durou, J. D. (2015). A L1-TV Algorithm for Robust Perspective Photometric Stereo with Spatially-Varying Lightings. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision, pp. 498\u2013510.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18461-6_40"},{"key":"2628_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9au, Y., Wu, T., Lauze, F., Durou, J. D., & Cremers, D. (2017). A Non-Convex Variational Approach to Photometric Stereo under Inaccurate Lighting. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 99\u2013108.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.45"},{"key":"2628_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s10851-017-0773-x","volume":"60","author":"Y Qu\u00e9au","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9au, Y., Durou, J. D., & Aujol, J. F. (2018). Normal integration: A survey. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 60, 576\u2013593.","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision"},{"key":"2628_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santo, H., Okura, F., & Matsushita, Y. (2023). MVCPS-NeuS: Multi-view Constrained Photometric Stereo for Neural Surface Reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 20475\u201320484.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01935"},{"key":"2628_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santo, H., Samejima, M., Sugano, Y., Shi, B., & Matsushita, Y. (2017). Deep photometric stereo network. In: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, pp. 501\u2013509.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.66"},{"key":"2628_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nberger, J. L., Zheng, E., Frahm, J. M., & Pollefeys, M. (2016) Pixelwise view selection for unstructured multi-view stereo. In: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 501\u2013518.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46487-9_31"},{"key":"2628_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seitz, S. M., Curless, B., Diebel, J., Scharstein, D., & Szeliski, R. (2006). A comparison and evaluation of multi-view stereo reconstruction algorithms. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 519\u2013528.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.19"},{"key":"2628_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, B., Tan, P., Matsushita, Y., & Ikeuchi, K. (2012). A biquadratic reflectance model for radiometric image analysis. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 230\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247680"},{"key":"2628_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, B., Wu, Z., Mo, Z., Duan, D., Yeung, S. K., & Tan, P. (2016). A benchmark dataset and evaluation for non-lambertian and uncalibrated photometric stereo. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp. 3707\u20133716.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.403"},{"key":"2628_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silberman, N., Hoiem, D., Kohli, P., & Fergus, R. (2012). Indoor segmentation and support inference from rgbd images. In: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 746\u2013760.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33715-4_54"},{"key":"2628_CR81","unstructured":"Taniai, T., & Maehara, T. (2018). Neural inverse rendering for general reflectance photometric stereo. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 4857\u20134866."},{"key":"2628_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verbin, D., Hedman, P., Mildenhall, B., Zickler, T., Barron, J. T., & Srinivasan, P. P. (2022). Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fields. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00541"},{"key":"2628_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voynov, O., Bobrovskikh, G., Karpyshev, P., Galochkin, S., Ardelean, A. T., Bozhenko, A., Karmanova, E., Kopanev, P., Labutin-Rymsho, Y., Rakhimov, R., & Safin, A. (2023). Multi-sensor large-scale dataset for multi-view 3D reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02049"},{"key":"2628_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Fouhey, D., & Gupta, A. (2015). Designing deep networks for surface normal estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 539\u2013547.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298652"},{"key":"2628_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F., Galliani, S., Vogel, C., Speciale, P., & Pollefeys, M. (2021a). Patchmatchnet: Learned multi-view patchmatch stereo. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 14194\u201314203.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01397"},{"key":"2628_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Han, Q., Habermann, M., Daniilidis, K., Theobalt, C., & Liu, L. (2023a). Neus2: Fast learning of neural implicit surfaces for multi-view reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3295\u20133306.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00305"},{"key":"2628_CR87","unstructured":"Wang, P., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Theobalt, C., Komura, T., & Wang, W. (2021b). NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems."},{"key":"2628_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Skorokhodov, I., & Wonka, P. (2023b). PET-NeuS: Positional Encoding Triplanes for Neural Surfaces. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01212"},{"key":"2628_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wang, P., Long, X., Theobalt, C., Komura, T., Liu, L., & Wang, W. (2022a). Neuris: Neural reconstruction of indoor scenes using normal priors. In: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 139\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19824-3_9"},{"key":"2628_CR90","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Luo, L., & Wang, N. (2021). An Image is Worth $$16\\times 16$$ Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"2628_CR91","first-page":"1966","volume":"35","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Skorokhodov, I., & Wonka, P. (2022). Hf-neus: Improved surface reconstruction using high-frequency details. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 35, 1966\u20131978.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"2628_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, X., Li, Z., Ding, B., Shi, B., Jiang, X., Pan, G., Cao, Y., & Zheng, Q. (2025). Revisiting Supervised Learning-Based Photometric Stereo Networks. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2025.3557498"},{"issue":"1","key":"2628_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7972479","volume":"19","author":"RJ Woodham","year":"1980","unstructured":"Woodham, R. J. (1980). Photometric method for determining surface orientation from multiple images. Optical Engineering, 19(1), 139\u2013144.","journal-title":"Optical Engineering"},{"key":"2628_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Ganesh, A., Shi, B., Matsushita, Y., Wang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2011). Robust photometric stereo via low-rank matrix completion and recovery. In: Proceedings of the 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 703\u2013717.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19318-7_55"},{"issue":"4","key":"2628_CR95","first-page":"4945","volume":"45","author":"Q Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, Q., Kong, W., Tao, W., & Pollefeys, M. (2022). Multi-scale geometric consistency guided and planar prior assisted multi-view stereo. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 45(4), 4945\u20134963.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2628_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, W., Chen, G., Chen, C., Chen, Z., & Wong, K. Y. K. (2022). PS-NeRF: Neural Inverse Rendering for Multi-view Photometric Stereo. In: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 266\u2013284.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19769-7_16"},{"key":"2628_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Yuan, L., Wilber, K., Sharma, A., Gu, X., Qiao, S., Debats, S., Wang, H., Adam, H., Sirotenko, M., & Chen, L.C. (2024). Polymax: General dense prediction with mask transformer. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 1050\u20131061.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00109"},{"key":"2628_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Luo, Z., Li, S., Fang, T., & Quan, L. (2018). Mvsnet: Depth inference for unstructured multi-view stereo. In: Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 767\u2013783.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_47"},{"key":"2628_CR99","unstructured":"Yariv, L., Gu, J., Kasten, Y., & Lipman, Y. (2021) Volume rendering of neural implicit surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"2628_CR100","first-page":"2492","volume":"33","author":"L Yariv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yariv, L., Kasten, Y., Moran, D., Galun, M., Atzmon, M., Ronen, B., & Lipman, Y. (2020). Multiview Neural Surface Reconstruction by Disentangling Geometry and Appearance. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 33, 2492\u20132502.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"2628_CR101","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"C Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye, C., Qiu, L., Gu, X., Zuo, Q., Wu, Y., Dong, Z., Bo, L., Xiu, Y., & Han, X. (2024). StableNormal: Reducing Diffusion Variance for Stable and Sharp Normal. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 43(6), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"2628_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Meka, A., Elgharib, M., Seidel, H. P., Theobalt, C., & Smith, W. A. (2020). Self-supervised outdoor scene relighting. In: Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 84\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58542-6_6"},{"key":"2628_CR103","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Peng, S., Niemeyer, M., Sattler, T., & Geiger, A. (2022). Monosdf: Exploring monocular geometric cues for neural implicit surface reconstruction. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems,35, 25018\u201325032."},{"key":"2628_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Hu, Z., Wu, H., Zhao, M., Li, L., Zou, Z., & Fan, C. (2023b). Towards unbiased volume rendering of neural implicit surfaces with geometry priors. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4359\u20134368.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00424"},{"key":"2628_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Yao, Y., Li, S., Fang, T., McKinnon, D., Tsin, Y., & Quan, L. (2022). Critical regularizations for neural surface reconstruction in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6270\u20136279.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00617"},{"issue":"1","key":"2628_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01697-3","volume":"131","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Li, S., Luo, Z., Fang, T., & Yao, Y. (2023). Vis-mvsnet: Visibility-aware multi-view stereo network. International Journal of Computer Vision, 131(1), 199\u2013214.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"2628_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, D., Lichy, D., Perrin, P. N., Frahm, J. M., & Sengupta, S. (2023). MVPSNet: Fast Generalizable Multi-view Photometric Stereo. In: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 12525\u201312536.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01151"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11263-025-02628-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11263-025-02628-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11263-025-02628-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:20:33Z","timestamp":1771341633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11263-025-02628-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11263-025-02628-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-5691","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"69"}}