{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:42:20Z","timestamp":1762429340653,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Sign Process Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-019-01447-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T16:38:33Z","timestamp":1553704713000},"page":"37-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High-Throughput FFT-SPA Decoder Implementation for Non-Binary LDPC Codes on x86 Multicore Processors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2269-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Le Gal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Jego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1447_CR1","unstructured":"Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). (2014). CCSDS 231.1-O-1 - Green Book - Next Generation Uplink - Informational RePORT CCSDS 230.2-G-1. Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"1447_CR2","unstructured":"Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). (2015). CCSDS 231.1-O-1 - Orange Book - Short Block Length LDPC codes for TC Synchronization and Channel Coding Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"1447_CR3","unstructured":"Conde-Canencia, L., Al-Ghouwayel, A., Boutillon, E. (2009). Complexity comparison of Non-Binary LDPC decoders. In Proceedings of the ICT mobile summit conference, pp. 1\u20138, Santander, Spain."},{"issue":"1","key":"1447_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1962.1057683","volume":"8","author":"RG Gallager","year":"1962","unstructured":"Gallager, R.G. (1962). Low density parity check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21\u201328.","journal-title":"IRE Transactions on Information Theory"},{"key":"1447_CR5","unstructured":"DVB Document A83-2. (2014). Digital video broadcasting (DVB) - part II: S2-extensions (DVB-s2x) march."},{"key":"1447_CR6","unstructured":"Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). (2011). CCSDS 131.0-B-2 - TM synchronization and channel coding. Washington, DC, USA, blue book edition."},{"issue":"6","key":"1447_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.681360","volume":"2","author":"MC Davey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Davey, M.C., & MacKay, D.J.C. (1998). Low density parity check codes over GF(q). IEEE Communications Letters, 2(6), 165\u2013167.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"key":"1447_CR8","unstructured":"Barnault, L., & Declercq, D. (2003). Fast decoding algorithm for LDPC over GF(2q). In Proceedings of the IEEE information theory workshop (pp. 70\u201373)."},{"issue":"7","key":"1447_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2014.2316215","volume":"60","author":"L Dolecek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dolecek, L., Divsalar, D., Sun, Y., Amiri, B. (2014). Non-binary protograph-based LDPC codes: enumerators, analysis, and designs. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 60(7), 3913\u20133941.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"},{"key":"1447_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G, Shen, H., Yin, B., Wu, M., Sun, Y., Cavallaro, J.R. (2012). Parallel nonbinary LDPC decoding on GPU. In Proceedings of the conference record of 46th Asilomar conference on signals, systems and computers (ASILOMAR) (pp. 1277\u20131281).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2012.6489229"},{"key":"1447_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, J., Falcao, G., Silva, V., Kasai, K. (2013). FFT-SPA non-binary LDPC decoding on GPU. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP). Vancouver, BC (pp. 5099\u20135103).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638633"},{"key":"1447_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beermann, M., Monzo, E., Schmalen, L., Vary, P. (2013). High speed decoding of non-binary irregular LDPC codes using GPUs. In Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (SiPS) (pp. 36\u201341).","DOI":"10.1109\/SiPS.2013.6674477"},{"issue":"9","key":"1447_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2014.07.001","volume":"40","author":"J Andrade","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrade, J., Falcao, G., Silva, V. (2014). Optimized fast walsh-hadamard transform on GPUs, for non-binary LDPC decoding. Elsevier Journal of Parallel Computing, 40(9), 449\u2013453.","journal-title":"Elsevier Journal of Parallel Computing"},{"key":"1447_CR14","unstructured":"Thi, H.P., Ajaz, S., Lee, H. (2014). Efficient Min-Max nonbinary LDPC decoding on GPU. In Proceedings of the international SoC design conference (ISOCC) (pp. 266\u2013267)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1447_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-014-0927-7","volume":"78","author":"M Beermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beermann, M., Schmalen, L., Vary, P. (2015). GPU accelerated belief propagation decoding of non-binary LDPC codes with parallel and sequential scheduling. Springer, Journal of Signal Processing Systems, 78(1), 21\u201334.","journal-title":"Springer, Journal of Signal Processing Systems"},{"key":"1447_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, H.T., Ajaz, S., Lee, H. (2015). Parallel block-layered nonbinary QC-LDPC decoding on GPU. In Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (SiPS) (pp. 1\u20136).","DOI":"10.1109\/SiPS.2015.7345000"},{"key":"1447_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2791998","volume":"22","author":"Z Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Liu, R., Hou, Y., Zhao, L. (2018). High-throughput multi-codeword decoder for non-binary LDPC codes on GPU. IEEE Communications Letters, 22, 486\u2013489.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"issue":"10","key":"1447_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2279186","volume":"60","author":"E Boutillon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boutillon, E., Conde-Canencia, L., Ghouwayel, A.A. (2013). Design of a GF(64)-LDPC decoder based on the EMS algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems (TCAS-I), 60(10), 2644\u20132656.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems (TCAS-I)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1447_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2551550","volume":"64","author":"O Abassi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abassi, O, Conde-Canencia, L, Ghouwayel, A.A., Boutillon, E. (2017). A novel architecture for elementary check node processing in non-binary LDPC decoders. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, (TCAS-II), 64 (2), 136\u2013140.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, (TCAS-II)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1447_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2011.2142295","volume":"4","author":"C-C Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang, C.-C., Chang, Y.-L., Huang, M.-Y., Huang, B. (2011). Accelerating regular LDPC code decoders on GPUs. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 4(3), 653\u2013659.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"4","key":"1447_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2192212","volume":"29","author":"G Falcao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Falcao, G., Silva, V., Sousa, L., Andrade, J. (2012). Portable LDPC decoding on multicores using OpenCL. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 29(4), 81\u201388.","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"},{"key":"1447_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G., Wu, M., Yin, B., Cavallaro, J.R. (2013). High throughput low latency LDPC decoding on GPU for SDR systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE GlobalSIP conference (pp. 1258\u20131261).","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2013.6737137"},{"issue":"1","key":"1447_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.3193","volume":"27","author":"R Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, R., Dou, Y., Zou, D., Wang, S., Zhang, Y. (2013). Efficient graphics processing unit based layered decoders for quasicyclic low-density parity-check codes. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 27 (1), 29\u201346.","journal-title":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1447_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2014.010214.132406","volume":"18","author":"Y Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin, Y., & Niu, W. (2014). High throughput LDPC decoder on GPU. IEEE Communications Letters, 18(2), 344\u2013347.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"1447_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2015.2435787","volume":"27","author":"B Gal Le","year":"2016","unstructured":"Le Gal, B., & Jego, C. (2016). High-throughput multi-core LDPC decoders based on x86 processor. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), 27(5), 1373\u20131386.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS)"},{"key":"1447_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6704","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2594265","volume":"4","author":"J Andrade","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrade, J., Falcao, G., Silva, V., Sousa, L. (2016). A survey on programmable LDPC decoders. IEEE Access, 4, 6704\u20136718.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1447_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Gal, B., Leroux, C., Jego, C. (2014). Software polar decoder on an embedded processor. In Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (SiPS) (pp. 1\u20136).","DOI":"10.1109\/SiPS.2014.6986083"},{"issue":"2","key":"1447_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2371781","volume":"63","author":"B Gal Le","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Gal, B., Leroux, C., Jego, C. (2015). Multi-Gb\/s, software decoding of polar codes. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 63(2), 349\u2013359.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"1447_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-016-1157-y","volume":"90","author":"P Giard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giard, P., Sarkis, G., Leroux, C., Thibeault, C., Gross, W.J. (2018). Low-latency software polar decoders. Journal of Signal Processing Systems, Springer, 90, 761\u2013775.","journal-title":"Journal of Signal Processing Systems, Springer"},{"key":"1447_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9332-8","volume-title":"Implementing software defined radio","author":"E Grayver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grayver, E. (2013). Implementing software defined radio. New York: Springer."},{"key":"1447_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassagne, A., Tonnellier, T., Leroux, C., Le Gal, B., Aumage, O., Barthou, D. (2016). Beyond Gbps turbo decoder on multi-core CPUs. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Turbo Codes & Iterative Information Processing (ISTC\u201916), Brest, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTC.2016.7593092"},{"key":"1447_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470740415","volume-title":"Non-Binary error control coding for wireless communication and data storage","author":"RA Carrasco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carrasco, R.A., & Johnston, M. (2008). Non-Binary error control coding for wireless communication and data storage. Chichester: Wiley."},{"key":"1447_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hocevar, D.E. (2004). A reduced complexity decoder architecture via layered decoding of LDPC codes. In Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on signal processing systems (SIPS) workshop (pp. 107\u2013112).","DOI":"10.1109\/SIPS.2004.1363033"},{"issue":"4","key":"1447_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2007.894088","volume":"55","author":"D Declercq","year":"2007","unstructured":"Declercq, D., & Fossorier, M. (2007). Decoding algorithms for nonbinary LDPC codes over GF. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 55(4), 633\u2013643.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"1447_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voicila, A., Declercq, D., Verdier, F., Fossorier, M., Urard, P. (2007). Low complexity, low memory EMS algorithm for non-binary LDPC codes. In IEEE Internationnal Conference on Communications (ICC\u201907), Glasgow, England.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2007.115"},{"issue":"11","key":"1447_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2015.2477081","volume":"19","author":"B Gal Le","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Gal, B., & Jego, C. (2015). High-throughput LDPC decoder on low-power embedded processors. IEEE Communications Letters, 19(11), 1861\u20131864.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"key":"1447_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583\u2014595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-012-9895-7","volume":"73","author":"S Gronroos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gronroos, S., Nybom, K., Bjorkqvist, J. (2012). Efficient GPU and CPU-based LDPC decoders for long codewords. Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 73, 583\u2014595.","journal-title":"Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing"},{"key":"1447_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wymeersch, H., Steendam, H., Moeneclaey, M. (2004). Log-domain decoding of LDPC codes over GF(q). In IEEE international conference on communications (ICC\u201904), pp. 772\u2013776, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2004.1312606"},{"issue":"10","key":"1447_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2008.060527","volume":"56","author":"C Poulliat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poulliat, C., Fossorier, M., Declercq, D. (2008). Design of regular (2, d\nc)-LDPC codes over GF(q) using their binary images. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 56(10), 1626\u20131635.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"1447_CR40","unstructured":"Helmling, M., & Scholl, S. Database of channel codes and ml simulation results. University of Kaiserslautern, \nhttps:\/\/www.uni-kl.de\/channel-codes\n\n."},{"key":"1447_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying, Y., You, K., Zhou, L., Quan, H., Zeng, X. (2012). A pure software LDPC decoder on a multi-core processor platform with reduced inter-processor communication cost. In Proceedings of the ISCAS Symposium (pp. 2609\u20132612).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2012.6271839"},{"issue":"2","key":"1447_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2014.2311317","volume":"6","author":"B Gal Le","year":"2014","unstructured":"Le Gal, B., Jego, C., Crenne, J. (2014). A high throughput efficient approach for decoding LDPC codes onto GPU devices. IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, 6(2), 29\u201332.","journal-title":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters"},{"key":"1447_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H., Liu, R., Hou, Y., Zhao, L. (2016). A Gb\/s parallel block-based Viterbi decoder for convolutional codes on GPU. In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on wireless communications & signal processing (WCSP) (p. 1-6).","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2016.7752638"}],"container-title":["Journal of Signal Processing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11265-019-01447-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11265-019-01447-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11265-019-01447-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:29:44Z","timestamp":1585182584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11265-019-01447-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11265-019-01447-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-8018","1939-8115"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1939-8018"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-8115"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}