{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T10:34:50Z","timestamp":1768041290700,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Sign Process Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-021-01698-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1632405322000},"page":"377-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pulse Pile-up Correction by Particle Swarm Optimization with Double-layer Parameter Identification Model in X-ray Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Xiao-feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-4297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huang","family":"Hong-Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeng","family":"Guo-Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Liang-Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Kai-ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gu","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Chuan-Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lai","family":"Mao-Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1698_CR1","unstructured":"Yang, X., et al. (2017). Application of Particle Swarm Algorithm and GMM-SDR Model in Overlapping Spectrum Peak Analysis. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis."},{"key":"1698_CR2","unstructured":"Zeng, G. Q., et al. (2014). Application of the Racial Algorithm in Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Overlapped Spectrum Analysis. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu\u00a034(2): p. 562\u2013564 (in Chinese)."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1698_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2006.10.113","volume":"571","author":"G Gerardi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gerardi, G., et al. (2007). Digital filtering and analysis for a semiconductor X-ray detector data acquisition. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 571(1\u20132), 378\u2013380.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"1698_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.896300","volume":"55","author":"T Trigano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trigano, T., et al. (2007). Statistical Pileup Correction Method for HPGe Detectors. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 55(10), 4871\u20134881.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"1698_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valentin, T., & Jordanov. (2003). Real time digital pulse shaper with variable weighting function. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment\u00a0505(1\u20132): p. 347\u2013351.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01094-5"},{"key":"1698_CR6","unstructured":"Wang, X., et al. (2020). An effective digital pulse processing method for pile-up pulses in decay studies of short-lived nuclei. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment\u00a0971: p. 164068."},{"key":"1698_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., et al. (2020). Pile-up pulse continuous zone reject method. Applied Radiation and Isotopes\u00a0165: p. 109319.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2020.109319"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1698_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10909-015-1445-0","volume":"184","author":"D Wulf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wulf, D., et al. (2016). Technique for Recovering Pile-Up Events from Microcalorimeter Data. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 184(1\u20132), 431\u2013435.","journal-title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2019.07.035","volume":"52","author":"M Nakhostin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakhostin, M. (2020). A technique for the reduction of pulse pile-up effect in pulse-shape discrimination of organic scintillation detectors. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 52(2), 360\u2013365.","journal-title":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"1698_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2020.11.232","volume":"6","author":"S Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du, S., et al. (2020). Identification and correction method of nuclear detector pulse forming pile-up. Energy Reports, 6, 343\u2013351.","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"key":"1698_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2014.04.034","volume":"104","author":"L Sabbatucci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sabbatucci, L., Scot, V., & Fernandez, J. E. (2014). Multi-shape pulse pile-up correction: The MCPPU code. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 104, 372\u2013375.","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"1698_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafaee, M., Zarandi, A. M., & Taheri,\u00a0A. (2016). Neural-based pile-up correction and ballistic deficit correction of X-ray semiconductor detectors using the Monte Carlo simulation and the Ramo theorem. Radiation effects and defects in solids\u00a0171(3\u20134): p. 271\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1080\/10420150.2016.1179307"},{"key":"1698_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.09.010","volume":"768","author":"E Mendoza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendoza, E., et al. (2014). Pulse pile-up and dead time corrections for digitized signals from a BaF 2 calorimeter. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 768, 55\u201361.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment"},{"key":"1698_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2018.03.078","volume":"897","author":"XL Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo, X. L., et al. (2018). Pulse pile-up identification and reconstruction for liquid scintillator based neutron detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 897, 59\u201365.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment"},{"key":"1698_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2017.10.023","volume":"145","author":"Z Qin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qin, Z., et al. (2018). A pulse-shape discrimination method for improving Gamma-ray spectrometry based on a new digital shaping filter. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 145, 193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1698_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10909-015-1466-8","volume":"184","author":"E Ferri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferri, E., et al. (2016). Pile-Up Discrimination Algorithms for the HOLMES Experiment. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 184(1\u20132), 405\u2013411.","journal-title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics"},{"issue":"8","key":"1698_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.3938\/jkps.68.960","volume":"68","author":"M Kafaee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kafaee, M., & Moussavi-Zarandi, A. (2016). Baseline restoration and pile-up correction based on bipolar cusp-like shaping for high-resolution radiation spectroscopy. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 68(8), 960\u2013964.","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Physical Society"},{"key":"1698_CR18","unstructured":"Hong, X., et al. (2016). Study on the relationship between the shaping parameters of trapezoidal pulse shaping algorithm and the trapezoidal pulse shape. Nuclear Electronics & Detection Technology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR19","first-page":"105","volume":"38","author":"YQ Ren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren, Y. Q., et al. (2018). The Simulation and Evaluation for Method of Gaussian and Trapezoidal Digital Shaping of Nuclear Signal. Hedianzixue Yu Tance Jishu\/Nuclear Electronics & Detection Technology, 38(1), 105\u2013110.","journal-title":"Hedianzixue Yu Tance Jishu\/Nuclear Electronics & Detection Technology"},{"key":"1698_CR20","unstructured":"Jiri, et al. (2016). Software emulator of nuclear pulse generation with different pulse shapes and pile-up. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research."},{"key":"1698_CR21","unstructured":"Zhou, J., et al. (2012). Study of time-domain digital pulse shaping algorithms for nuclear signals. Nuclear Science and Techniques."},{"key":"1698_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordanov, V. T. (2012). Exponential signal synthesis in digital pulse processing. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2011.12.042"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR23","first-page":"1295","volume":"43","author":"E Roessl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roessl, E., Daerr, H., & Proksa, R. (2016). A Fourier approach to pulse pile-up in photon-counting x-ray detectors. Medical physics (Lancaster), 43(3), 1295\u20131298.","journal-title":"Medical physics (Lancaster)"},{"key":"1698_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2016.09.014","volume":"137","author":"L Sabbatucci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabbatucci, L., & Fern\u00e1ndez, J. E. (2017). First principles pulse pile-up balance equation and fast deterministic solution. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 137, 12\u201317.","journal-title":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry"},{"key":"1698_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2017.05.042","volume":"867","author":"D Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, D., et al. (2017). A new cross-detection method for improved energy-resolving photon counting under pulse pile-up. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 867, 154\u2013162.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment"},{"key":"1698_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2017.02.084","volume":"856","author":"D Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, D., et al. (2017). Energy-correction photon counting pixel for photon energy extraction under pulse pile-up. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 856, 36\u201346.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment"},{"issue":"12","key":"1698_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15398","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.015398","volume":"26","author":"G Acconcia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acconcia, G., et al. (2018). Fast fully-integrated front-end circuit to overcome pile-up limits in time-correlated single photon counting with single photon avalanche diodes. Optics Express, 26(12), 15398.","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"key":"1698_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Connor, P., et al. (1998) Ultra Low Noise CMOS preamplifier-shaper for X-ray spectroscopy. Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment. 409(1\u20133): p. 315\u2013321.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(97)01289-8"},{"key":"1698_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A, J. L., et al. (2013). Real-time evolvable pulse shaper for radiation measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 727(3): p. 73\u201383.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2013.05.164"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2010.08.095","volume":"652","author":"N Menaa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Menaa, N., et al. (2011). Evaluation of real-time digital pulse shapers with various HPGe and silicon radiation detectors. Nuclear Inst & Methods in Physics Research A, 652(1), 512\u2013515.","journal-title":"Nuclear Inst & Methods in Physics Research A"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577518000322","volume":"25","author":"X Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong, X., et al. (2018). Counting-loss correction for X-ray spectroscopy using unit impulse pulse shaping. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, 25(2), 505\u2013513.","journal-title":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation"},{"issue":"9","key":"1698_CR32","first-page":"1671","volume":"51","author":"GQ Zeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeng, G. Q., et al. (2017). Digital Fast Shaping Algorithm for Spectrum Readout of Slow Decay Scintillator at High Count Rate. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 51(9), 1671\u20131677.","journal-title":"Atomic Energy Science and Technology"},{"key":"1698_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammadian-Behbahani, M. R., & Saramad,\u00a0S. (2020). A comparison study of the pile-up correction algorithms. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment\u00a0951(Jan.21): p. 163013.1\u2013163013.10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2019.163013"},{"key":"1698_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J. B., et al. (2015). Trapezoidal pulse shaping for pile-up pulse identification in X-ray spectrometry. Chinese Physics C. 06(v.39): p. 112\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/39\/6\/068201"},{"key":"1698_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.09.034","volume":"769","author":"W Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao, W., et al. (2015). Model-based pulse deconvolution method for NaI(Tl) detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 769, 5\u20138.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment"},{"key":"1698_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.11.008","volume":"784","author":"X Wen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wen, X., & Yang, H. (2015). Study on a digital pulse processing algorithm based on template-matching for high-throughput spectroscopy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 784, 269\u2013273.","journal-title":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment"},{"key":"1698_CR37","unstructured":"Chen Shi-Guo. (2005). Design and Realization of The Gaussian Shaping Filtering in Digital Nuclear Instrument System (Ph. D. Thesis). Sichuan: Sichuan University\u00a0(in Chinese)."},{"key":"1698_CR38","unstructured":"Ruan-Yu, Z. (2006). Research on Digital Nuclear Energy Spectrum Acquisition System (Ph. D. Thesis). Sichuan: Sichuan University\u00a0(in Chinese)."},{"key":"1698_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Chen, H., Shi, X., et al. (2019). A multi-information fusion \"triple variables with iteration\" inertia weight PSO algorithm and its application. Applied Soft Computing\u00a084:105677.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105677"},{"key":"1698_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Ma, X., Li, X., et al. (2020). Random Convergence Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Time-varying Attractor. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation\u00a061(2):100819.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2020.100819"},{"key":"1698_CR41","unstructured":"Shehata, R. H., et al. (2014). Particle Swarm Optimization: Developments and Application Fields. International Journal on Power Engineering and Energy."}],"container-title":["Journal of Signal Processing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11265-021-01698-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11265-021-01698-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11265-021-01698-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T04:08:16Z","timestamp":1649304496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11265-021-01698-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11265-021-01698-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-8018","1939-8115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-8018","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-8115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}