{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:10:31Z","timestamp":1769343031236,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]],"date-time":"2016-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Netw"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]],"date-time":"2016-01-12T10:10:14Z","timestamp":1452593414000},"page":"759-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Novel chemical reaction optimization based unequal clustering and routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"P. C.","family":"Srinivasa Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haider","family":"Banka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4","volume":"38","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akyildiz, I. F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., & Cayirci, E. (2002). Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 38(4), 393\u2013422.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"14","key":"1148_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2007.05.024","volume":"30","author":"AA Abbasi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abbasi, A. A., & Younis, M. (2007). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14), 2826\u20132841.","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"key":"1148_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.09.005","volume":"46","author":"MM Afsar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Afsar, M. M., & Tayarani-N, M. H. (2014). Clustering in sensor networks: A literature survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 46, 198\u2013226.","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010","volume":"3","author":"K Akkaya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akkaya, K., & Younis, M. (2005). A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 3(3), 325\u2013349.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11113","DOI":"10.3390\/s120811113","volume":"12","author":"X Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, X. (2012). A survey on clustering routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 12(8), 11113\u201311153.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2009.2033580","volume":"14","author":"AYS Lam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lam, A. Y. S., & Li, V. (2010). Chemical-reaction-inspired metaheuristic for optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 14(3), 381\u2013399.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"10","key":"1148_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.35","volume":"22","author":"J Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu, J., Lam, A., & Li, V. O. (2011). Chemical reaction optimization for task scheduling in grid computing. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 22(10), 1624\u20131631.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.061713.120255","volume":"12","author":"A Lam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lam, A., Li, V. O., & Yu, J. J. (2013). Power-controlled cognitive radio spectrum allocation with chemical reaction optimization. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(7), 3180\u20133190.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12293-012-0075-1","volume":"4","author":"AY Lam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lam, A. Y., & Li, V. O. (2012). Chemical reaction optimization: A tutorial. Memetic Computing, 4(1), 3\u201317.","journal-title":"Memetic Computing"},{"key":"1148_CR10","volume-title":"Physical chemistry","author":"P Atkins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2010). Physical chemistry (9th ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press (Part 1 and Part 3).","edition":"9"},{"key":"1148_CR11","volume-title":"Principles of modern chemistry","author":"DW Oxtoby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oxtoby, D. W., Gill, H. P., & Campion, A. (2012). Principles of modern chemistry (7th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning (Unit 3 and Unit 5).","edition":"7"},{"key":"1148_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinzelman, W. R., Chandrakasan, A., & Balakrishnan, H. (2000). Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In 2000 IEEE Proceedings of the 33rd annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences (10 pp).","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2000.926982"},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2009.0164","volume":"4","author":"Y Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Xiong, N., Zhao, Y., Vasilakos, A. V., Gao, J., & Jia, Y. (2010). Multi-layer clustering routing algorithm for wireless vehicular sensor networks. IET Communications, 4(7), 810\u2013816.","journal-title":"IET Communications"},{"key":"1148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, L., Luo, J., & Vasilakos, A. (2011). Compressed data aggregation for energy efficient wireless sensor networks. In 2011 8th annual IEEE communications society conference on sensor, mesh and ad hoc communications and networks (SECON) (pp. 46\u201354).","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2011.5984932"},{"issue":"99","key":"1148_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"PP","author":"XY Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, X. Y., Zhu, Y., Kong, L., Liu, C., Gu, Y., Vasilakos, A. V., & Wu, M. Y. (2014). CDC: Compressive data collection for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Sysytems, PP(99), 1.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Sysytems"},{"issue":"10","key":"1148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.190","volume":"11","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., Peng, M., Gibson, J., Xie, G. G., Du, D. Z., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2012). Tight performance bounds of multihop fair access for MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks and underwater sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 11(10), 1538\u20131554.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"1148_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/134165","volume":"2009","author":"N Chilamkurti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chilamkurti, N., Zeadally, S., Vasilakos, A., & Sharma, V. (2009). Cross-layer support for energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Sensors, 2009, 1\u20139. doi: 10.1155\/2009\/134165 .","journal-title":"Journal of Sensors"},{"key":"1148_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsey, S., & Raghavendra, C. S. (2002). PEGASIS: Power efficient gathering in sensor information systems. In Proceedings of IEEE aerospace conference (Vol. 3, pp. 1125\u20131130).","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2002.1035242"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2004.41","volume":"3","author":"O Younis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Younis, O., & Fahmy, S. (2004). HEED: Hybrid energy efficient distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 3(4), 366\u2013379.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2014.2306592","volume":"23","author":"Y Yanjun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yanjun, Y., Qing, C., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2015). EDAL: An energy-efficient, delay-aware, and lifetime-balancing data collection protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IEEE ACM Transactions on Networks, 23(3), 810\u2013823.","journal-title":"IEEE ACM Transactions on Networks"},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6553686","volume":"51","author":"K Han","year":"2013","unstructured":"Han, K., Luo, J., Liu, Y., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2013). Algorithm design for data communications in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51(7), 107\u2013113.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2010.10.003","volume":"34","author":"G Wei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wei, G., Ling, Y., Guo, B., Xiao, B., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2011). Prediction-based data aggregation in wireless sensor networks: Combining grey model and Kalman filter. Computer Communications, 34(6), 793\u2013802.","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-010-9976-9","volume":"56","author":"W Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo, W., Xiong, N., Vasilakos, A. V., Chen, G., & Cheng, H. (2011). Multi-source temporal data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 56(3), 359\u2013370.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"1148_CR24","unstructured":"Rao, P. C. S., Banka, H., & Jana, P. K. (2015). PSO-based multiple-sink placement algorithm for protracting the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the second international conference on computer and communication technologies (pp. 605\u2013616). Springer."},{"issue":"12","key":"1148_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2013.2257631","volume":"101","author":"M Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, M., Li, Z., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2013). A survey on topology control in wireless sensor networks: Taxonomy, comparative study, and open issues. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(12), 2538\u20132557.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR26","first-page":"45","volume":"11","author":"X Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, X., Ansari, R., Khokhar, A., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2015). Hierarchical data aggregation using compressive sensing (HDACS) in WSNs. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), 11(3), 45.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)"},{"key":"1148_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Cao, Q., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2013). EDAL: An energy-efficient, delay-aware, and lifetime-balancing data collection protocol for wireless sensor networks. In 2013 IEEE 10th international conference on mobile ad-hoc and sensor systems (MASS) (pp. 182\u2013190).","DOI":"10.1109\/MASS.2013.44"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1145\/1851275.1851233","volume":"41","author":"A Dvir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dvir, A., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2011). Backpressure-based routing protocol for DTNs. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 41(4), 405\u2013406.","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-014-0761-7","volume":"20","author":"Q Jing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jing, Q., Vasilakos, A. V., Wan, J., Lu, J., & Qiu, D. (2014). Security of the internet of things: Perspectives and challenges. Wireless Networks, 20(8), 2481\u20132501.","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"key":"1148_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.01.014","volume":"42","author":"Z Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan, Z., Zhang, P., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). A survey on trust management for internet of things. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 42, 120\u2013134.","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"issue":"17","key":"1148_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2012.06.013","volume":"35","author":"T Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, T., Li, Q., & Liang, P. (2012). An energy-balancing clustering approach for gradient-based routing in wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 35(17), 2150\u20132161.","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"key":"1148_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afsar, M. M., & Younis, M. (2014). An energy-and proximity-based unequal clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In IEEE 39th conference on local computer networks (LCN) (pp. 262\u2013269).","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2014.6925780"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2002.804190","volume":"1","author":"WB Heinzelman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heinzelman, W. B., Chandrakasan, A. P., & Balakrishnan, H. (2002). An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4), 660\u2013670.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"12","key":"1148_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2010.0794","volume":"5","author":"J Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin, J., Xiong, N., Vasilakos, A. V., Chen, G., & Guo, W. (2011). Evolutionary game-based data aggregation model for wireless sensor networks. IET Communications, 5(12), 1691\u20131697.","journal-title":"IET Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSNET.2012.047720","volume":"12","author":"W Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo, W., Xiong, N., Vasilakos, A. V., Chen, G., & Yu, C. (2012). Distributed k\u2013connected fault\u2013tolerant topology control algorithms with PSO in future autonomic sensor systems. International Journal of Sensor Networks, 12(1), 53\u201362.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sensor Networks"},{"key":"1148_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, W., Park, J. H., Yang, L. T., Vasilakos, A. V., Xiong, N., & Chen, G. (2011). Design and analysis of a MST-based topology control scheme with PSO for wireless sensor networks. In 2011 IEEE Asia\u2013Pacific services computing conference (APSCC) (pp. 360\u2013367).","DOI":"10.1109\/APSCC.2011.20"},{"issue":"6","key":"1148_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2012.2196996","volume":"42","author":"S Sengupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sengupta, S., Das, S., Nasir, M., Vasilakos, A. V., & Pedrycz, W. (2012). An evolutionary multiobjective sleep-scheduling scheme for differentiated coverage in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, 42(6), 1093\u20131102.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2014.2346080","volume":"11","author":"Y Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song, Y., Liu, L., Ma, H., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). A biology-based algorithm to minimal exposure problem of wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 11(3), 417\u2013430.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"},{"key":"1148_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phan, D. H., Suzuki, J., Omura, S., Oba, K., & Vasilakos, A. (2014). Multiobjective communication optimization for cloud-integrated body sensor networks. In 2014 14th IEEE\/ACM international symposium on cluster, cloud and grid computing (CCGrid) (pp. 685\u2013693).","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid.2014.48"},{"key":"1148_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latiff, N. M. A., Tsemenidis, C. C., & Sheriff, B. S. (2007). Energy-aware clustering for wireless sensor networks using particle swarm optimization. In Proceedings of 18th annual IEEE international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications (pp. 1\u20135).","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2007.4394521"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2192-1962-2-13","volume":"2","author":"B Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh, B., & Lobiyal, D. K. (2012). A novel energy-aware cluster head selection based on particle swarm optimization for wireless sensor networks. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 2(1), 2\u201313.","journal-title":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences"},{"key":"1148_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2014.04.009","volume":"33","author":"P Kuila","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuila, P., & Jana, P. K. (2014). Energy efficient clustering and routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks: Particle swarm optimization approach. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 33, 127\u2013140.","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-8885(09)60494-5","volume":"17","author":"CJ Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang, C. J., Shi, W. R., & Tang, X. L. (2010). Energy-balanced unequal clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 17(4), 94\u201399.","journal-title":"The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.12.029","volume":"13","author":"H Bagci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bagci, H., & Yazici, A. (2013). An energy aware fuzzy approach to unequal clustering in wireless sensor networks. Applied Soft Computing, 13(4), 1741\u20131749.","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"1148_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-015-1013-1","author":"R Logambigai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Logambigai, R., & Kannan, A. (2015). Fuzzy logic based unequal clustering for wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks. doi: 10.1007\/s11276-015-1013-1 .","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.4236\/wsn.2010.28072","volume":"2","author":"J Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu, J., Liu, W., Lang, F., Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. (2010). Distance measurement model based on RSSI in WSN. Wireless Sensor Networks, 2(8), 606\u2013611.","journal-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1464420.1464425","volume":"5","author":"I Dietrich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dietrich, I., & Dressler, F. (2009). On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 5(1), 1\u201338.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"}],"container-title":["Wireless Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T13:24:13Z","timestamp":1567517053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11276-015-1148-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-0038","1572-8196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1022-0038","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]]}}}