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To achieve this, we propose a user-pairing scheme where near-field user pairs serve as relays for user pairs in the far-field region. Based on this pairing scheme, we incorporate a space-time block code transmission technique at the near-field user pairs to maximize the transmission diversity in the cooperative phase. Moreover, we consider a non-linear energy harvesting model at the near-field user pair to alleviate the problem of energy consumption during the cooperative transmission phase. Further to this, we formulate a sum-rate maximization problem that is addressed from the viewpoint of joint power allocation factor and power splitting ratio optimization. We develop a low-computational iterative algorithm based on the concepts of the Stackelberg game and the Nash bargaining solution. We benchmark our findings with different scenarios, such as energy harvesting C-NOMA with a fixed power allocation factor and power splitting ratio, energy harvesting C-NOMA without STBC, non-cooperative NOMA, and orthogonal multiple access. The results obtained via simulations outperform the benchmark schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-024-03757-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T08:01:40Z","timestamp":1715932900000},"page":"281-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sum-rate maximization for a distributed space-time block code-aided cooperative NOMA with energy harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olumide","family":"Alamu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas O.","family":"Olwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Djouani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3757_CR1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cisco annual internet report (2018\u20132023) white paper","author":"CA San Jose","year":"2020","unstructured":"San Jose, C. 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